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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Altered capillary response to tape stripping in psoriasis and some other dermatoses: the petechial threshold test.

66 psoriatics, 34 normal adults, 10 normal juveniles, and smaller groups of patients afflicted either with seborrheic dermatitis-rosacea or atopic dermatitis were examined for the threshold of capillary petechia formation on clinically normal forearm skin in response to repeated tape stripping. A definitely lowered petechial threshold was found in psoriatics (mean of 9 vs. 19 tape strips) and also in persons with the seborrheic-rosacea complex. Normal juveniles and patients with atopic dermatitis had an increased threshold. The possible relation of these data are pointed out to recent findings of ultrastructural abnormalities of psoriatic papillary capillaries, and an altered capillary response is suggested as a sine qua non precondition for the development of psoriasis. The petechial threshold test is recommended as a simple adjunct diagnostic tool.

Capillaries↗
PubMed2005

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from octoploid strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa).

BACKGROUND: Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) represents one of the most valued fruit crops in the United States. Despite its economic importance, the octoploid genome presents a formidable barrier to efficient study of genome structure and molecular mechanisms that underlie agriculturally-relevant traits. Many potentially fruitful research avenues, especially large-scale gene expression surveys and development of molecular genetic markers have been limited by a lack of sequence information in public databases. As a first step to remedy this discrepancy a cDNA library has been developed from salicylate-treated, whole-plant tissues and over 1800 expressed sequence tags (EST's) have been sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS: A putative unigene set of 1304 sequences--133 contigs and 1171 singlets--has been developed, and the transcripts have been functionally annotated. Homology searches indicate that 89.5% of sequences share significant similarity to known/putative proteins or Rosaceae ESTs. The ESTs have been functionally characterized and genes relevant to specific physiological processes of economic importance have been identified. A set of tools useful for SSR development and mapping is presented. CONCLUSION: Sequences derived from this effort may be used to speed gene discovery efforts in Fragaria and the Rosaceae in general and also open avenues of comparative mapping. This report represents a first step in expanding molecular-genetic analyses in strawberry and demonstrates how computational tools can be used to optimally mine a large body of useful information from a relatively small data set.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is demodex really non-pathogenic?

Although usually considered a non-pathogenic parasite in parasitological textbooks, Demodex folliculorum has been implicated as a causative agent for some dermatological conditions, such as rosacea-like eruptions and some types of blepharitis. Several anecdotal reports have demonstrated unequivocal tissue damage directly related to the presence of the parasite. However, this seems to be exceedingly rare, in contrast with the marked prevalence of this infestation. We have had the opportunity to observe one of such cases. A 38-year-old woman presented with rosacea-like papular lesions in her right cheek. Histopathological examination revealed granulomatous dermal inflammation with a well-preserved mite phagocytized by a multinucleated giant cell. This finding may be taken as an evidence for the pathogenicity of the parasite, inasmuch as it does not explain how such a common parasite is able to produce such a rare disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

alpha-Hydroxy acid-based cosmetic procedures. Guidelines for patient management.

alpha-Hydroxy acid (AHA) peels and home regimens have recently been recognized as important adjunctive therapy in a variety of conditions including photodamage, actinic damage, melasma, hyperpigmentation disorders, acne, and rosacea. Overall in our experience and in the literature, AHAs have a proven level of safety and efficacy in a variety of skin types. Although their exact mechanism of action is unknown, it has been demonstrated that AHAs improve these disorders by thinning the stratum corneum, promoting epidermolysis, dispersing basal layer melanin, and increasing collagen synthesis within the dermis. In patients with photodamage, AHA peels and topical products are often combined with retinoids and other antioxidants for maximum benefit. Similarly, synergistic effects of fluorouracil and glycolic acid are observed in the treatment of diffuse actinic keratoses. For patients with melasma, AHA peels and combination products containing bleaching agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid seem to have increased efficacy. Acne and rosacea patients can see improved results when standard regimens like antibacterials and topical retinoids are supplemented with AHA peels and lotions. However, care should always be taken prior to commencing treatment with AHA peels and topical products. By obtaining a thorough history and physical examination, the physician will identify any specific factors like medications, prior procedures and medical conditions which can affect the outcome of the peel. During the interview, there should be open discussion of patient questions and concerns so that realistic expectations can be made. Pre- and post-peel regimens should also be reviewed in full as patient compliance is essential to ensure the success of a series of AHA peels.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of dibutyl phthalate on demodicidosis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect and safety of dibutyl phthalate on demodicidosis. METHODS: A single blinded and controlled study of human demodicidosis treated with dibutyl phthalate was conducted. One hundred and forty three patients with demodicidosis, including 81 acne and 62 rosacea, randomly divided into trial and control groups. The trial group was treated with dibutyl phthalate and control group with "new fumanling" cream twice a day in the early morning and evening respectively for six weeks consecutively. RESULTS: The rates of excellent, good, and fair efficacy and total effective rate in the trial group with acne were 53.7%, 41.5%, 4.9% and 100% respectively, with a significant difference to the control group (P < 0.05). The rates in the trial group with rosacea were 40.6%, 40.6%, 18.8% and 100% respectively, with no statistical difference to the control group (P > 0.05). No complaint of side effects in the trial group was recorded. CONCLUSION: Dibutyl phthalate is highly effective to demodicidosis without prominent adverse reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Demodecidosis and rosaceiform dermatitis].

The authors refer those dermatoses called "Rosacea like" or "Rosaceiform Dermatitis" that always offer differential diagnosis with Rosacea. Some of them supposedly have tuberculous etiology. They employ a special technique the "skin surface biopsy" to demonstrate the presence of "Demodex folliculorus" inside the pilosebaceous follicle in sufficient amount, that one can consider a certain etiologic role in those dermatoses. For treatment they use "Danish ointment" (olysulphine ointment) with important improvement of the disease. They conclude that this technique and the improvement obtained with the treatment can help to make an adequate correlation and diagnosis of such dermatoses.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes of the face.

We have discussed some aspects of differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes of the facial skin. The disorders mentioned include: eczematous processes, rosacea-like dermatitis, steroid rosacea, acne, especially the diagnosis and therapy of cystic acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, viral infection (Heck's disease) and circumscribed scleroderma versus systemic sclerosis and hemiatrophy of the face. Our own findings reveal that the cytocinetics in the psoriatic lesion differ fundamentally from other epidermal inflammatory processes, especially as the DNS synthesis time is prolonged. And so we consider psoriasis to be an inborn fault in the metabolism of epidermal and other cells, which is only provoked by secondary influences (drugs, allergic reactions, local traumas). To our surprise cytocinetics in atopic dermatitis do not significantly differ in the dermal infiltrate from subacute allergic contact dermatitis. Pigmentation of the face also suggests the possibility of mercury intoxication.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Acneiform facial eruptions: a problem for young women.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize clinical recognition and current management strategies for four types of acneiform facial eruptions common in young women: acne vulgaris, rosacea, folliculitis, and perioral dermatitis. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Many randomized controlled trials (level I evidence) have studied treatments for acne vulgaris over the years. Treatment recommendations for rosacea, folliculitis, and perioral dermatitis are based predominantly on comparison and open-label studies (level II evidence) as well as expert opinion and consensus statements (level III evidence). MAIN MESSAGE: Young women with acneiform facial eruptions often present in primary care. Differentiating between morphologically similar conditions is often difficult. Accurate diagnosis is important because treatment approaches are different for each disease. CONCLUSION: Careful visual assessment with an appreciation for subtle morphologic differences and associated clinical factors will help with diagnosis of these common acneiform facial eruptions and lead to appropriate management.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

A look at the safety of metronidazole 1% gel: cumulative irritation, contact sensitization, phototoxicity, and photoallergy potential.

Rosacea is a common, recurrent, inflammatory dermatologic disorder characterized by the presence of facial erythema, visible blood vessels, papules, and pustules. The condition may cause serious psychologic morbidity and may significantly affect quality of life. The first topical rosacea therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration was metronidazole for the treatment of inflammatory lesions and erythema. Previously, metronidazole was available as a 0.75% gel. Improved solubility was achieved in a new, stable, aqueous gel that permitted the formulation of metronidazole 1.0%. This new formulation is highly spreadable, easy to use, cosmetically friendly, mild to the skin, nondrying, and moisturizing. The safety of metronidazole 1% gel was determined by the evaluation of its cumulative irritation, contact sensitization, phototoxicity, and photoallergy potential in healthy male and female patients. In this formulation, metronidazole was not irritating under occlusive application. Additionally, metronidazole 1% gel had a low potential for causing sensitization reactions, and no evidence suggested phototoxic or photoallergic reactions.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed2006

Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review.

Various skin disorders with an inflammatory component often have been treated with steroids and/or oral antibiotics. However, long-term use of these agents has drawbacks: steroids may induce numerous serious side effects such as hypertension, immunosuppression, and osteoporosis, and overuse of oral antibiotics may contribute to the development of bacterial resistance, as well as to a host of nuisance side effects such as diarrhea, yeast infections, and photosensitivity. As a result, alternative oral treatments, such as nicotinamide, have been investigated. During the past 50 years, many clinical reports have identified nicotinamide as a beneficial agent in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory skin disorders; what's more, its exceptional safety profile at pharmacologic doses makes it a potentially ideal long-term oral therapy for patients with inflammatory skin diseases. A recent large study evaluating nicotinamide for the treatment of acne or rosacea has confirmed the potential benefits of oral nicotinamide as an alternative approach to managing inflammatory lesions associated with acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. This article reviews the substantial number of reports published over the past 50 years that document the clinical utility and safety of oral and topical formulations of nicotinamide for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory skin conditions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

[Some aspects of the skin infestation by Demodex folliculorum].

The importance of demodicids (Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis) infestation and their effect on skin lesions has been described based on literature data and our own clinical and parasitological investigations. Hair follicle mites have been detected in 45% of patients with rosacea, 27% of patients with perioral dermatitis, 28% of patients suffering from seborrhoeic dermatitis and in 3 out of 7 patients with chronic blepharitis. Clinical picture of demodecosis included erythemato-papulous and pustulous (rosacea-like) skin lesions together with erythemato-desquamative changes of the face.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Practical aspects of local steroid treatment].

Dermatocorticosteroids, the extent of whose effects show extraordinary differences, are principally applied in the case of skin inflammations and hyperproliferative skin diseases. Side effects, especially a dermally atrophizing effect, but also the provocation of rosacea, rosacea-like dermatitis and steroid acne, make it necessary to apply a treatment with as few side-effects as possible. Here in particular, therapy in steps and, to a lesser extent, interval therapy have proved themselves as being valuable. It is best to restrict oneself to a few dermatocorticosteroids, contained as far as possible in the same hypoallergenic base at varying concentrations. Thus the risk of sensitization and the different penetration levels depending on localization and dermatosis are taken into full account. A combined therapy with antibiotics is not indicated as a rule, and a combination with antimycotics should be restricted to a short period of time only.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Construction of a BAC library and its application to the identification of simple sequence repeats in peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch].

The Rosaceae contains many economically important crop species, but their genomes are not well characterized, and comparative genetic mapping lags well behind that of other families. To facilitate genome comparisons and gene discovery in the Rosaceae, we have begun the development of genomic resources for peach as the model genome for this family. First, we developed a simplified, cost-effective method for constructing BAC libraries, particularly appropriate for plant species of relatively minor economic importance. Second, we used the library to investigate the abundance and local distribution of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in peach. Our results indicate that microsatellite loci are locally much more highly abundant than previously estimated, and BAC sequencing results suggest that microsatellite repeats are not randomly distributed within gene-containing regions of the peach genome. This makes it relatively easy to identify SSRs in peach by hybridization to BAC clones, and even by random sequencing of BAC clones, not known a priori to contain SSRs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Development and transferability of apricot and grape EST microsatellite markers across taxa.

EST microsatellite markers were developed in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and grape (Vitis vinifera L.). cDNA libraries from either apricot leaves or grape roots were used in an enrichment procedure for GA and CA repeats. The transferability of EST simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from apricot and grapevine to other related and unrelated species was examined. Overall, grape primers amplified products in most of the Vitaceae accessions while the apricot primers amplified polymorphic alleles only in closely related species of the Rosaceae. In this taxonomic family, ten EST SSR loci were tested, and one single primer pair, PacB22, was amplified across species and sections in the Prunoideae and Maloideae. Sequencing of EST SSR loci in other species and genera confirmed a higher level of conservation in the microsatellite motif and flanking regions in the Vitaceae compared to the Rosaceae. Two distinct fragments of the PacB22 locus amplified across the Malus and Pyrus genera; however, while the coding region was highly conserved, the microsatellite repeat motif was no longer present. The banding pattern was explained by base substitution and insertion/deletion events in the intronic region of PacB22. This study includes the determination of the degree of polymorphism detected among species and genera in two unrelated taxonomic families and the evaluation of the information provided by the microsatellite repeats and the flanking regions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Identification and mapping of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in Prunus: a resistance map for Prunus.

The genetically anchored physical map of peach is a valuable tool for identifying loci controlling economically important traits in Prunus. Breeding for disease resistance is a key component of most breeding programs. The identification of loci for pathogen resistance in peach provides information about resistance loci, the organization of resistance genes throughout the genome, and permits comparison of resistance regions among other genomes in the Rosaceae. This information will facilitate the breeding of resistant species of Prunus. A candidate gene approach was implemented for locating resistance loci in the genome of peach. Candidate genes representing NBS-LRR, kinase, transmembrane domain classes, as well as, pathogen response (PR) proteins and resistance-associated transcription factors were hybridized to a peach BAC library and mapped by using the peach physical map database and the Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR). A resistance map for Prunus was generated and currently contains 42 map locations for putative resistance regions distributed among 7 of the 8 linkage groups.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Candidate gene database and transcript map for peach, a model species for fruit trees.

Peach (Prunus persica) is a model species for the Rosaceae, which includes a number of economically important fruit tree species. To develop an extensive Prunus expressed sequence tag (EST) database for identifying and cloning the genes important to fruit and tree development, we generated 9,984 high-quality ESTs from a peach cDNA library of developing fruit mesocarp. After assembly and annotation, a putative peach unigene set consisting of 3,842 ESTs was defined. Gene ontology (GO) classification was assigned based on the annotation of the single "best hit" match against the Swiss-Prot database. No significant homology could be found in the GenBank nr databases for 24.3% of the sequences. Using core markers from the general Prunus genetic map, we anchored bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on the genetic map, thereby providing a framework for the construction of a physical and transcript map. A transcript map was developed by hybridizing 1,236 ESTs from the putative peach unigene set and an additional 68 peach cDNA clones against the peach BAC library. Hybridizing ESTs to genetically anchored BACs immediately localized 11.2% of the ESTs on the genetic map. ESTs showed a clustering of expressed genes in defined regions of the linkage groups. [The data were built into a regularly updated Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR), available at (http://www.genome.clemson.edu/gdr/).].

Breeding↗
PubMed1995

Antiviral screening of British Columbian medicinal plants.

One hundred methanolic plant extracts were screened for antiviral activity against seven viruses. Twelve extracts were found to have antiviral activity at the non-cytotoxic concentrations tested. The extracts of Rosa nutkana and Amelanchier alnifolia, both members of the Rosaceae, were very active against an enteric coronavirus. A root extract of another member of the Rosaceae, Potentilla arguta, completely inhibited respiratory syncytial virus. A Sambucus racemosa branch tip extract was also very active against respiratory syncytial virus while the inner bark extract of Oplopanax horridus partially inhibited this virus. An extract of Ipomopsis aggregata demonstrated very good activity against parainfluenza virus type 3. A Lomatium dissectum root extract completely inhibited the cytopathic effects of rotavirus. In addition to these, extracts prepared from the following plants exhibited antiviral activity against herpesvirus type 1: Cardamine angulata, Conocephalum conicum, Lysichiton americanum, Polypodium glycyrrhiza and Verbascum thapsus.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants.

Extracts of 21 plants used in Bulgarian phytotherapy for the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal and other inflammatory disorders were screened in vitro for antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content. Plant extracts were prepared as herbal teas following the ethnic use. The water-phase TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) of the teas were compared to that of the famous tea-like beverages mate, rooibos and honeybush, and to that of green and black tea, well known for their high antioxidant potential. The content of total phenolics in the teas was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as quercetin equivalents (QE). Seven Bulgarian medicinal plants were with high phenolics content and antioxidant properties: Pulmonaria officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) (TEAC 2.02+/-0.14 mM/QE 673.39+/-9.92 microM), Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) (TEAC 3.75+/-0.14 mM/QE 881.93+/-6.68 microM), Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) (TEAC 3.76+/-0.5mM/QE 702.29+/-6.82 microM), Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) (TEAC 5.87+/-0.2mM/QE 1653.61+/-11.52 microM), Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) (TEAC 4.06+/-0.31 mM/QE 1370.09+/-41.38 microM), Rubus sp. diversa (Rosaceae) (TEAC 4.23+/-0,12 mM/QE 608.95+/-5.95 microM), Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) (TEAC 7.05+/-0.19 mM/QE 923.33+/-14.19 microM). Therefore, Bulgarian herbs can be considered to be a rich source of water-soluble antioxidants and/or phenolic compounds as compared to studied foreign plants.

Antioxidants↗