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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

An outbreak of respiratory disease due to a type 5 adenovirus identified as genome type 5a.

A cluster of adenovirus type 5-caused acute respiratory diseases was observed in Prague in the autumn-winter season of 1978/79. An analysis of viral DNA by sequence-specific restriction enzymes in two out of 39 isolates revealed that these isolates, identical to each other, were clearly distinct from adenovirus type 5 prototype strain. The designation "adenovirus genome type 5a" is suggested for these isolates.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2001

The use of REE determination in a clinical setting applied to respiratory disease.

The determination of a patient's nutritional condition is an important moment of clinical evaluation in everyday experience. Quite often, it is important to identify symptoms, signs and objective parameters that may reveal a malnourished condition. To satisfy this request, clinicians recur to clinical examination and biochemical tests. It is also possible to use indirect calorimetry. Through the evaluation of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), indirect calorimetry permits the respiratory quotient (RQ) to be calculated and the exact energy consumption during resting conditions to be determined. This technology, currently used in research departments and in hospital units, is more accurate for the estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE) than the Harris-Benedict equation, especially in the case of patients affected by respiratory diseases or other systemic conditions. The evaluation of REE through indirect calorimetry is a useful monitoring and prognostic index in acutely and chronically ill patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Effectiveness of treatment with lincomycin hydrochloride and/or vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for controlling chronic respiratory disease in a herd of pigs.

A herd of pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was used in a double-blind randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of three control strategies against chronic respiratory disease in growing-finishing pigs. One group of 61 pigs received 220 ppm lincomycin hydrochloride in the feed from day 71 to day 91, a second group was vaccinated against M. hyopneumoniae at four and 28 days of age, and a third group received both treatments; a fourth group was left untreated as a control. Throughout the nursery-finishing period (day 29 to slaughter) the average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of all the treated groups were slightly better than in the controls, but there were no significant differences between them. There were no significant differences between the treated groups in terms of clinical signs, serology, pathology or mortality, which was very low throughout the trial.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Quality of life from the perspective of persons with chronic respiratory diseases: the contribution of a social group].

This convergent care research was carried out in a social group of persons with chronic respiratory diseases and aimed to identify the elements affecting the quality of life of persons with chronic respiratory problems, and to understand how the educative practice in a social group has contributed to the quality of life of persons with a chronic health condition. Data were collected at group meetings, during which the statements of eleven subjects and two family members were tape-recorded. Data analysis showed that controlling conflicting feelings, continuing to fight for a better life, overcoming one's limitations brought about by disease and treatment and getting family support are factors that affect the quality of life of persons with chronic respiratory problems. The study also made evident that health education acquired through social groups brings effective outcomes in promoting quality of life among the study participants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroesophageal reflux and unexplained chronic respiratory disease in infants and children.

Thirty-eight children, aged from a few weeks to 7 years, with severe chronic pulmonary disease and without gastrointestinal symptoms, were investigated for gastroesophageal reflux (GER), using prolonged pH probe monitoring and gastroesophageal scintiscanning. All treatments were discontinued before testing. GER was found in 24 patients (63%) (group I) and it was not observed in 14 patients (group II). All patients of group I received antireflux treatment, consisting of cisapride; in 22 of 24 patients, GER was controlled, as indicated by improvement of either pH monitoring or scintiscanning, or both. Eighteen of these 22 (82%) had remission of their pulmonary disease, and only two patients of group II (14%) had spontaneous remission of the respiratory symptoms. We concluded that GER was probably the cause of the respiratory disease in 63% of our patients, since treatment of GER was followed by disappearance of the respiratory complaints in most of them. The combination of gastroesophageal scintiscanning and pH probe study improved the diagnostic accuracy.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Risk factors associated with the recall of respiratory diseases in the Ecuadorian children.

Risk factors associated with the recall of a recent episode of acute respiratory infection (ARI) were evaluated in 1,553 Ecuadorian preschool children enrolled into a cross-sectional health and nutrition survey. In a univariate analysis, ARI recall was significantly higher in children living in low altitude regions (Relative Risk, RR = 2.4), in younger children (RR = 1.6), in children from larger families (RR = 1.3), in children with diarrhoea recall (RR = 1.9), in children served with poor quality drinking water (RR = 1.3) and in anaemic children (RR = 1.2) than that in the appropriate control groups. After taking into account the confounding effect of altitude, no association was found between ARI recall and low height-for-age values. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified living in low altitude regions, diarrhoea recall, and younger age as independent factors associated with a higher recall of ARI. In contrast to the recall of acute diarrhoea, no association between ARI recall and nutritional status was found. The impact of nutritional interventions in children from developing countries may be greater on enteric than on respiratory diseases.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1990

[The development of protracted pneumonias in patients with a history of influenza and acute respiratory diseases].

A study is presented of 582 patients with acute viral-bacterial pneumonia in those with a history of influenza and acute respiratory disease (ARD). Protracted course of the disease was observed in 121 (20.8%) and 461 (79.2%) the course of pneumonia was acute. It is shown that the formation of protracted of acute pneumonia in patients with influenza and ARD is furthered by several factors: age, foci of chronic infection, a history of inflammation, increased level of circulating immune complexes, late hospitalization and inadequate therapy. Experiments on Syrian hamsters with induced parainfluenzal infection showed that mixed viral-bacterial infection is more severe than monoinfection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asthma and respiratory disease mortality rates in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: 1970-1996.

BACKGROUND: Asthma morbidity and mortality have been increasing. Data of asthma and respiratory mortality rates in Brazil are scarse. METHODS: We studied asthma and respiratory disease mortality rates in the state of So Paulo (capital and country side) from 1970 to 1996, as its relation with sales of drugs usually used in asthma treatment. RESULTS: Asthma mortality in the 5-34-year age group has doubled in the state of So Paulo (0.2 deaths/100,000 inhabitants in 1970 to 0.4 in 1996), mainly by its increase in the capital. The greatest increase was observed in the population of up to 15 years of age. The sales of inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs are proportionally very low and reflect a greater concern about the treatment of acute exacerbations. CONCLUSION: We believe that the institution of a public health supply to the whole population could provide better conditions for the control of those indexes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Field evaluation of efficacy and tolerance of a 2% marbofloxacin injectable solution for the treatment of respiratory disease in fattening pigs.

In a controlled and randomized field trial carried out in three European countries, 219 fattening pigs, from seven farms with respiratory disease problems, were treated intramuscularly for three or five days either with marbofloxacin 2 mg/kg/day, or with amoxicillin 7 mg/kg/day. Pigs were monitored daily until D5 (Day 5) and again at D21, and were weighed at D0 and D21. Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were mainly identified in the pig lungs. The difference in the cure rate (74.5% in marbofloxacin group versus 68% in the amoxicillin group) was not significant. Mean rectal temperature was significantly lower after treatment with marbofloxacin. Other criteria tended to be favourable for the marbofloxacin group, although differences were not significant. The time to cure tended to be shorter for the marbofloxacin group (24.3% of pigs at 24 hours post-treatment versus 12.1% in the amoxicillin group). Marbofloxacin and amoxicillin relapse rates were 11.9% and 17.2% respectively (not significant) and daily weight gain was 746 g in the marbofloxacin group versus 687 g in the amoxicillin group (not significant). The 2% marbofloxacin solution was significantly better tolerated than amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1969

Factors influencing the onset of chronic respiratory disease.

To investigate the effect of different environmental and personal factors on ventilatory function 10,971 children resident and going to school in four areas of Kent were examined. Details of past respiratory illnesses were obtained by a questionary completed by the parents; the examination included measurement of height, weight, and peak expiratory flow.Area of residence, social class, family size, and a past history of pneumonia, bronchitis, or asthma were found to be associated with differing levels of peak expiratory flow. These four factors acted independently, and the effects were additive. It is suggested that environment in the early years of life can produce adverse changes which may exist throughout life and contribute to the development of chronic respiratory disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wheezing lower respiratory disease and vaccination of full-term infants.

PURPOSE: There have been speculations that increases in vaccinations have caused recent increases in wheezing lower respiratory disease during infancy. We assess possible associations between vaccines and incidence of wheezing in full-term infants. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study of full-term infants born into the Kaiser Permanente Northwest health plan during 1991-1994 and continuously enrolled for at least 12 months (n = 1366 case-control pairs). Potential cases of wheeze were ascertained from medical care databases and verified by chart review. Vaccinations, demographic factors, and wheeze risk factors were abstracted from charts. Adjusted relative risks of first onset of wheeze during post-vaccination exposure windows were estimated by conditional logistic regression. We also conducted case-series analyses of wheeze onsets. RESULTS: We found no evidence that risk of wheeze during infancy is associated with recency of vaccination with whole-cell pertussis (DTP), hepatitis b (HBV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB), oral polio (OPV), or measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines. We also found no evidence that risk of first wheeze is associated with exposure to HBV or MMR. CONCLUSIONS: Recent increases in wheezing during infancy do not appear to be related to increases in vaccinations of full-term infants.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Mortality in intensive care patients with respiratory disease. Is age important?

BACKGROUND: Age has been proposed as a criterion for health care rationing. However, the relationship of age and other prognostic factors to in-hospital mortality in older patients is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age on hospital mortality for patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: This historical prospective study examined 3050 admissions of patients aged 50 years and older with disease of the lower respiratory tract to intensive care units in 78 hospitals in the United States during an 18-month period (July 1987 through December 1988). The association of age with hospital mortality was examined by means of a multiple logistic regression model that included age, gender, primary discharge diagnosis, severity, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS: Variables significantly predictive of in-hospital mortality included age, severity of illness, diagnosis, and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In contrast, gender, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, angina, and stroke/transient ischemic attack were not significant predictors of mortality. Predicted mortalities varied from 0.7% to 40.7% in 50-year-old patients and from 5.5% to 78.6% in 90-year-old patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chronological age is independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with disease of the lower respiratory tract admitted to an intensive care unit. However, the clinical importance of this relationship is modulated by other variables, such as the primary diagnosis, the presence of comorbid conditions (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and the severity of the acute illness, such that use of age alone is not sufficient to predict hospital outcome.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[The cost of antibiotics in respiratory disease (author's transl)].

The most common prescriptions for antibiotics in France are those used in the treatment of respiratory infections, both in hospital and in general practice. They represent 10% of the total drug bill and about 1.5 to 2% of the total expenses of medical care. Antibiotics are often presented excessively or irrationally either because the proper indications were not firmly established or because unnecessarily powerful preparations were used. This is illustrated by two examples (among others), namely uncomplicated pneumococcal pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. More economic solutions are not easy and the current lack approach should not be replaced by a dogmatic one. Two immediate measures would hold the attention of respiratory physicians: the publication of a guide to antibiotic therapy in respiratory disease and periodic audits of antibiotic usage.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Bovine respiratory disease: pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment in lightweight calves.

No matter what disease is being addressed, there are basic steps required for successful therapy. Failure to address each step systematically leaves a gap in the program that eventually shows up as inconsistency or failure in therapeutic efficacy. The focus in this article is on applying these steps in infectious bovine respiratory disease challenges in lightweight stocker calves.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A community-based health promotion project for persons with chronic respiratory disease.

Enhancing people's capacity to cope with chronic conditions is a growing challenge for community health professionals. I describe a community-based support group for persons with chronic respiratory disease. The goal was to improve the quality of life of the participants by assisting them to cope and manage more effectively. The project employed the health promotion mechanisms of self-care and mutual aid. Follow-up revealed that the group participants found that they were able to cope more effectively in living with their chronic condition. This project may provide an effective model for health promotion interventions for persons with chronic conditions and disabilities.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Work-related respiratory disease in the United Kingdom, 1989-1992: report on the SWORD project.

The objective of this project is the creation of a reliable and cost-effective national system of surveillance for work-related respiratory disease as a basis for control and simple epidemiological research. With the voluntary participation of almost 800 chest and occupational physicians from throughout the UK, newly diagnosed cases of respiratory illness thought to be due to occupational factors have been reported regularly since January 1989. Since January 1992, reports from chest physicians have been submitted monthly by a core group with special interest in occupational lung disease (n = 32) and rotating random samples of the remainder. Between 1989 and 1991, 5576 new cases were reported, of which half were diseases of long latency mainly due to asbestos, 28% were occupational asthma, and the rest were divided between inhalation accidents (10%) and a variety of other acute diseases (14%). Disease incidence rates, with denominators from the Labour Force Survey, showed a very high risk of asthma among paint sprayers, chemical and food processors, laboratory staff, plastics and metal treatment workers, and in welding and electronic assembly. Some of the same groups also experienced high rates of inhalation accidents and bronchitis. The risk of diseases of long latency, using denominators from the 1961 census, was highest in shipyard and dock workers, miners and construction workers. The SWORD scheme has provided estimates of disease incidence not previously available, has encouraged awareness of occupational factors among chest physicians, has assisted those responsible for prevention and control, and has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to surveillance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Continual smoking of mentholated cigarettes may mask the early warning symptoms of respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Continual use of cold preparations including those containing menthol for relief from congestion, cough, or difficulty in breathing can mask the early warning symptoms of respiratory dysfunction. These products usually carry a warning label on the packaging that indicates that they are not for continuous use and may mask the early warning symptoms of a more serious condition. Menthol can be delivered in many dosage forms including the smoke of a mentholated cigarette. METHODS: Literature searches were done for the NLM databases (e.g., MEDLINE from 1966, TOXLINE, OLDMEDLINE (1958-1965), CANCERLIT), plus tobacco industry documents and hardcopy indices. The evidence was evaluated with application to mentholated cigarette smoking. RESULTS: A logical progression is presented to attempt to demonstrate that the continuous smoking of mentholated cigarettes may also mask the early warning symptoms of respiratory distress. The early warning symptoms caused by chronic irritation of the respiratory tract may be reduced in severity when the menthol found in a mentholated cigarette is continually delivered to the tract. CONCLUSION: This masking of the symptoms of an underlying respiratory disease can lead to delays in seeking medical attention resulting in a poor prognosis, additional suffering, and eventual death.

Black or African American↗