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Results for “Plant engineering”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Microbiological removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas by means of a separate biofilter system: experience with technical operation.

The "BIO-Sulfex" biofilter of ATZ-EVUS removes hydrogen sulfide from biogas in a biological way. Hydrogen sulfide causes massive problems during power generation from biogas in a power plant, e.g. corrosion of engines and heat exchangers, and thus causes frequent and therefore expensive engine oil changes. The BIO-Sulfex module is placed between the digester and the power-plant and warrants a cost-effective, reliable and fully biological desulfurization. In the cleaned gas concentrations of less than 100 ppm can be achieved. Power-plant manufacturers usually demand less than 500 or less than 200 ppm. At present, several plants with biogas flow rates between 20 and 350 m3/h are in operation.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1998

History of coat protein-mediated protection.

A decade of research has proven that plants can be genetically engineered to resist virus infection through expression of viral CP genes, as well as other viral genes and sequences. Additional opportunities for development of resistant plants will require research focused on mechanisms of protection, improvements in expression vector design, and transformation of new crop species. As each of these technologies is utilized singly or in combination to generate resistant crop varieties, the full impact of such engineered resistance will be realized.

Capsid Proteins↗
PubMed2006

Antioxidant value addition in human diets: genetic transformation of Brassica juncea with gamma-TMT gene for increased alpha-tocopherol content.

Alpha-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, is implicated in decreasing the risk of several types of cancers, coronary heart disease and a number of degenerative human conditions, when taken in excess of the recommended daily allowance. Natural alpha-tocopherol has twice the bioavailability of the synthetic isomer. This study describes a successful attempt at fortifying human diets with natural alpha-tocopherol by taking recourse to genetic engineering of an important oilseed crop, Brassica juncea. Gamma-tocopherol methyl transferase cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana, coding for the enzyme catalysing the conversion of the large gamma-tocopherol pool to alpha-tocopherol, was overexpressed in B. juncea plants. The successful integration of the transgene was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis, while the enhanced transcript level was evident in the northern blot analysis. HPLC analysis of the seeds of the T1 transgenic lines showed a shift in tocopherol profile with the highest over-expressors having alpha-tocopherol levels as high as sixfold over the non-transgenic controls. This study discusses the production of a transgenic oilseed crop with high alpha-tocopherol levels, which can provide a feasible, innocuous, and inexpensive way of taking the beneficial effects of high alpha-tocopherol intake to the masses.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1992

Expression of desiccation-related proteins from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum in transgenic tobacco.

Three cDNAs encoding desiccation-induced proteins from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum were each ligated to a triplicated CaMV 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase 3'-flanking region in an Agrobacterium vector and introduced into tobacco. Transgenic plants expressed the encoded Craterostigma proteins at high levels. This did not lead to changes in the phenotype, in the growth habit or in basic photosynthetic parameters. In tobacco, one protein was targeted to the chloroplast stroma which is its normal location in Craterostigma. These desiccation-related proteins are not sufficient per se to increase drought tolerance as measured by ion-leakage tests.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2001

HAL1 mediate salt adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The yeast HAL1 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with vacuum infiltration under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. Thirty-three individual kanamycin resistant plants were obtained from 75,000 seeds. Southern blotting analysis indicated that HAL1 gene had been integrated into all of the transgenic plants' genomes. The copy number of HAL1 gene in transgenic plants was mostly 1 to 3 by Southern analysis. Phenotypes of transgenic plants have no differences with wild type plants. Several samples of transformants were self-pollinated, and progenies from transformed and non-transformed plants (controls) were evaluated for salt tolerance and gene expression. Measurement of concentrations of intracellular K+ and Na+ showed that transgenic lines were able to retain less Na+ than that of the control under salt stress. Results from different tests indicated the expression of HAL1 gene promotes a higher level of salt tolerance in vivo in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Antisense-mediated silencing of a gene encoding a major ryegrass pollen allergen.

Type 1 allergic reactions, such as hay fever and allergic asthma, triggered by grass pollen allergens are a global health problem that affects approximately 20% of the population in cool, temperate climates. Ryegrass is the dominant source of allergens because of its prodigious production of airborne pollen. Lol p 5 is the major allergenic protein of ryegrass pollen, judging from the fact that almost all of the individuals allergic to grass pollen show presence of serum IgE antibodies against this protein. Moreover, nearly two-thirds of the IgE reactivity of ryegrass pollen has been attributed to this protein. Therefore, it can be expected that down-regulation of Lol p 5 production can significantly reduce the allergic potential of ryegrass pollen. Here, we report down-regulation of Lol p 5 with an antisense construct targeted to the Lol p 5 gene in ryegrass. The expression of antisense RNA was regulated by a pollen-specific promoter. Immunoblot analysis of proteins with allergen-specific antibodies did not detect Lol p 5 in the transgenic pollen. The transgenic pollen showed remarkably reduced allergenicity as reflected by low IgE-binding capacity of pollen extract as compared with that of control pollen. The transgenic ryegrass plants in which Lol p 5 gene expression is perturbed showed normal fertile pollen development, indicating that genetic engineering of hypoallergenic grass plants is possible.

Allergens↗
PubMed2003

[Transformation of bar gene to tetraploid of Isatis indigotica].

The transgenic tetraploid of Isatis indigotica mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was obtained. To transfer the plant binary expression vector pCAMBIA 3300 carrying bar gene, the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105 was used as engineering bacterium. The results of PCR indicated that the bar gene had been transferred into and merged with the genome of Isatis indigotica. This study will make foundation for improvement of other characters of this species with genetic engineering.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic engineering of potyvirus resistance using constructs derived from the zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene.

Three versions of the zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) coat protein gene were engineered for expression in plants: the full-length coat protein sequence, the conserved core portion of the gene, and an antisense version. These constructs were introduced into muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation; gene expression was verified by Northern and Western analysis. Transgenic R0 and R1 muskmelon plants expressing the full-length coat protein gene exhibited apparent immunity to ZYMV infection: There was a lack of symptom development during a 3-mo observation period and no measurable virus accumulation as determined by ELISA. Melon plants expressing the core or antisense constructs showed a several-day delay of systemic symptom development and reduction in virus titer. Furthermore, transgenic R1 tobacco plants expressing the full-length coat protein, core, or antisense constructs of ZYMV, a nonpathogen of tobacco, showed a short delay in symptom development and reduced virus titer when inoculated with the heterologous potyviruses, potato virus Y, and tobacco etch virus. The transgenic tobacco plants were not protected against the non-potyvirus, tobacco mosaic virus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Expression of sarcotoxin IA gene via a root-specific tob promoter enhanced host resistance against parasitic weeds in tomato plants.

We have developed a simple genetic engineering strategy for conferring resistance against parasitic weeds on host plants. Transgenic tomato plants expressing the sarcotoxin IA gene were grown either in polyethylene bags (PE) or in pots inoculated with Orobanche aegyptiaca seeds. The results indicate that transgenic plants exhibited strong inhibition of parasite growth and significantly increased yield as compared with non-transgenic ones. In both PE and pot systems most of the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and developed abnormally. Integration and expression of the gene were confirmed by Southern blot, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that the insect gene produced in the plant cells was selectively toxic to the parasite and non-toxic to the host plant.

Gene Expression↗
PubMed1999

Overexpression of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry2Aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and Bt-resistant insects.

Evolving levels of resistance in insects to the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can be dramatically reduced through the genetic engineering of chloroplasts in plants. When transgenic tobacco leaves expressing Cry2Aa2 protoxin in chloroplasts were fed to susceptible, Cry1A-resistant (20,000- to 40,000-fold) and Cry2Aa2-resistant (330- to 393-fold) tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, cotton bollworm Helicoverpa zea, and the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, 100% mortality was observed against all insect species and strains. Cry2Aa2 was chosen for this study because of its toxicity to many economically important insect pests, relatively low levels of cross-resistance against Cry1A-resistant insects, and its expression as a protoxin instead of a toxin because of its relatively small size (65 kDa). Southern blot analysis confirmed stable integration of cry2Aa2 into all of the chloroplast genomes (5, 000-10,000 copies per cell) of transgenic plants. Transformed tobacco leaves expressed Cry2Aa2 protoxin at levels between 2% and 3% of total soluble protein, 20- to 30-fold higher levels than current commercial nuclear transgenic plants. These results suggest that plants expressing high levels of a nonhomologous Bt protein should be able to overcome or at the very least, significantly delay, broad spectrum Bt-resistance development in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genetic engineering of essential oil production in mint.

New approaches directed to unraveling monoterpene metabolism and secretion and recent progress in transformation protocols have set the stage for the systematic genetic engineering of essential oil production. This article focuses on specific strategies to improve the quality and quantity of mint essential oils.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗