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A face valid set of 22 highly intercorrelated items was developed to investigate the attitudes towards science of 793 Grade 12 pupils (age ranging from 17 to 24+ years) in Lebowa, South Africa. Analysis indicated the attitudes of these students towards science were neutral and hardly enthusiastic, which would encompass negative, neutral, and positive attitudes.
Endoscopic sinus surgery has become the standard of care for the surgical management of chronic sinus disease. Sinus disease and its surgical treatment carry the risk of orbital complications, irrespective of the approach. Orbital complications associated with sinus surgery include nasolacrimal duct damage, extraocular muscle injury, intraorbital hemorrhage/emphysema, and direct optic nerve damage, resulting in blindness. The finding of an unequal pupil at the end of a procedure would be a cause of considerable concern, but it is most likely due to the topical contamination of the eye with a mydriatic pharmacological agent commonly used in endoscopic sinus surgery.
We describe a patient with pituitary apoplexy causing sudden visual loss and light-near dissociation of the pupils but minimal ophthalmoplegia. Good visual recovery occurred despite an 8-day delay in neurosurgical treatment.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the test protocol (individual vs. group) on the diurnal variations in mental activity of 18 11-year-old pupils. Number cancellation, a spatial orientation test, and mathematical problems were tested four times on three successive Fridays at 08:45, 11:15, 13:45 and 16:45 h. On the first and third Fridays the tests were performed on the group of subjects, whereas individual subjects were tested on the second Friday. Results indicated a possible influence of the test protocol (individual vs. group) on intellectual rhythmicity. Only in the group protocol did we find the psychological profile which is normally observed, namely, a performance increase during the morning, a postlunch fall, and then an increase in the afternoon. We suggest the existence of some group effect in these performance tests.
Children were selected from schools for pupils with learning difficulties. Non-verbal ability measures classified them with what was previously termed moderate learning difficulties (MLD). A Surrey Speech, Language and Communication Profile (Surrey Profile) (Cave and McGregor 1996) was completed for each child and the children's cognition scores were compared. Specific language impairment (SLI) was determined by the discrepancy between general language functioning and non-verbal ability, with a focus on three Surrey Profile items. Three groups were derived using a discrepancy model to view the relationship between language and cognition. Groups 1 and 2 showed commensurate and mild language difficulties in relation to cognition. For Group 3 results indicate that difficulties in learning are due to severe and specific language difficulties. Implications emerge for assessment, educational placement, provision and intervention.
Numerous studies have identified communication skills as being most predictive of long-term school success. A Communication Opportunity Group Scheme (COGS) took place in a primary and secondary school involving 36 students aged 7-15 years. There were 24 subjects in two types of teaching group and 12 controls. One group was taught for an hour a week over ten weeks (weekly) and the other for two hours daily over five days (intensive) by teachers trained in the COGS method. Experimental groups showed significant gains compared with controls. Integrating systematic teaching of communication into the curriculum may significantly increase pupil performance. The project has fostered a learning community of schools, support services, national charities and the university.
A study was carried out in the Poitou-Charentes region to assess and compare the professional practices in secondary schools offering two different systems of response and guidance. The evaluation method was based upon an analysis of the rates of concurrence between the evaluation of the students' answers to an epidemiological self-administered questionnaire filled out before a clinical interview, and the conclusions of the psychiatric nurses after this interview. Comparisons between the specific system and the standard general system of National Education highlighted an increased capacity of professionals in the more specific system to distinguish a high risk of suicidal tendencies from a low risk or absence of risk, while the standard system was more effective in screening and detecting overall levels of well-being across the entire student population. Moreover, the guidance support and counseling proposed in the specialised system seemed to better meet the pupils' needs more accurately than in the standard system.
The age peculiarities of higher nervous activity as well as the formation of temporary characteristics which are of different complication in motor reactions have been studied among 319 senior pupils of 14-17 years old with different levels of development the qualities of main nervous processes. It was shown to be true that the period of senior school age is characterized by further formation of neurodynamic function. Besides, reliable correlation between functional mobility, power of main nervous processes and speed parameters of complex sensorimotor reactions has been.
Longitudinal studies of main nervous processes and functions of momentary memory in schoolgirls (11-15 y.) were conducted. A comparative analysis of results of investigation of girls from sportive and control classes showed that the individual characteristics of the basic nervous processes play an role in the development of functions of the momentary memory. Dynamics of creation of the relationships between individually typological characteristics of the basic nervous processes mobility development in the sportive classes pupils has some particularities in contrast with their peers of control classes. Schoolgirls with high functional mobility level and high cerebrum capacity of work were characterized with high momentary memory indexes, unlike their peers with low features of these. Direct positive significant correlation were established between functional mobility level of nervous processes and the momentary memory functional indexes.
The impact of school loads on visual function was studied in 845 pupils from two general educational schools and two lyceums of Izhevsk. The studies confirmed the negative impact of school teaching on the children's vision. Negative trends were most noticeable in junior (1st-5th-form), girls, and children having additional classes, in the lyceums in particular.
The aim of the paper was to examine the level of knowledge of health conquences of nicotinism among secondary school pupils. It was also intended to determine what attitudes towards passive smoking and towards anti-nicotine act that is presently in force, they have. The results of the survey were analysed according to sex, class that the subjects attended and the fact if they were active smokers.
In virtually all populations, the prevalence of dental caries is increasing. To elucidate the local situation, especially as regards the influence of sugar intake, appropriate studies, In association with dental research workers, were made on 16-17-year-old pupils in four South African ethnic groups-Back, Coloured, Indian and White. As expected, the caries situation in Whites was poor, and in rural Blacks, excellent; data on Coloureds and Indians were intermediate. The most outstanding finding was that urban Blacks still have very good teeth despite relatively high sugar intake and an increasing consumption of refined cereal products. Discussion of these results, as well as those reported in numerous similar investigations, leads to the view that sugar is neither the sole nor the principal cariogenic component of modern dietaries.
The most important pupil of Paré was Jacques Guillemeau (1550-1613), a famous surgeon from Montpellier. He lived at Paré's during eight years and wrote there his first work "Traité des maladies des yeux" (1585) and was really his "spiritual son". The barber-surgeon Martin Boursier, husband of the famous midwife Louise Bourgeois stayed twenty years with Paré and she learned her practice in his works. Attracted by Paré's fame, Melchior Sebiz (1539-1625) who shall become a famous professor of medicine in Strasbourg attended Paré's lessons and "was with him in great friendship". Among his friends, Thierry de Héry (ca. 1505-ca. 1560), companion of his youth as a barber-surgeon and author of the first French book on syphilis seems to have been the dearest and the nearest to his heart.
The study examines the distribution of injuries and their patterns among Swedish school pupils. Data were gathered from an injury register created during the school year 1996/97, with the help of 79 schools and using a standardized registration form. Injury ratios (IRs) by gender, type of municipality, and type of school were measured all injuries aggregated and for five injury patterns. IRs did not vary much by gender, but showed considerable variation by type of school and type of municipality. A strong association was found between injury pattern and gender. Taken as a whole, the findings shed light on the circumstances under which school injuries are incurred. They suggest that targets for prevention may vary by gender, school level and, to some extent, by type of municipality. The extent to which the findings are generalizable is uncertain.
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of nourishment of gymnasium pupils from Białystok and its vicinity was conducted on 294 schoolchildren of both sexes, drawn by lot from two public middle schools. Their nourishment was qualitatively assessed according to Szewczyński's classification. The quantitative analysis used the previous day 24-hour history method. Caloricity of meals and the content of basic nutrients were calculated using a computer program FOOD 2. The results were compared with the recommended sex and age norms for moderate physical activity and subjected to statistical analysis using t-Student test. The study has shown that the majority of meals consumed by young people are incorrect. The menus are characterized by too high fat content. The diets of boys from the country exceed the norm of caloricity, and like the menus of boys from town, contain too much protein.
OBJECTIVES: Although it is widely accepted that academic examinations are accompanied by a cortisol increase, some recent studies reported either no effect or even a decline of the cortisol level. To reevaluate these discrepancies, we investigated whether personality traits predict the cortisol response upon academic examinations. SETTING AND DESIGN: Nineteen male and female adolescent pupils (17 to 19 years) participated in the study. Two anticipated, mandatory, routine written examinations were used as familiar stressful conditions, whereas an anticipated, mandatory oral examination in front of a board of known and unknown examiners was used as a novel stressful situation. METHODS: Baseline, pre- and postexamination salivary cortisol were quantified and correlated with psychometric measures, including self-estimated stress level, obtained from a five-point scale, and sensation seeking subscales according to Zuckerman. RESULTS: Salivary cortisol response, taken as an average of all subjects, showed a transient increase upon examinations. However, comparing individual cortisol responses revealed three distinct cortisol profiles, including a transient increase (Type 1), a transient decline (Type 2), or no response (Type 3). Type 1 predominates in examinations combined with novelty. A moderate negative association was noted between saliva cortisol concentrations on some sensation seeking subscales. Self-reported stress levels did not significantly correlate with salivary cortisol concentration. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that upon academic examinations the cortisol response varies among subjects. A moderate negative association was unveiled by correlating individual cortisol responses with sensation seeking subscales.
As an experiment in integration, the joint placement of physically handicapped and non-disabled pupils into the regular class settings of a school belonging to the Hessisch-Lichtenau experiment makes special social and educational measures necessary both at school and in the residential home. The main activities have to be directed towards scientific studies of existing problems and their practical solutions. The following article describes the problems arising from the integrational efforts and suggests possible solutions.
This case report describes a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome in whom the presence of coma and absent brain stem reflexes suggested the possibility of brainstem death. A differential diagnosis of fixed dilated pupils is presented.