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Results for “PROGESTATIONAL HORMONES”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Inhibition of ovulation by a new low-dose monophasic contraceptive containing gestodene.

Twenty-five healthy women volunteers were selected to evaluate ovulation inhibition by a monophasic oral contraceptive preparation containing 75 micrograms gestodene and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol. Each subject participated for eight consecutive cycles, consisting of a pretreatment cycle, six treatment cycles, and a posttreatment cycle. During five explored cycles, serum LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone levels were measured daily on cycle days 8 through 17; in addition, progesterone was measured once, around cycle day 21. Pelvic ultrasounds were performed on cycle days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. In the 18 volunteers completing the entire study, LH and FSH levels were strongly depressed, in equivalent degree, during the first, third, and sixth treated cycles. From treated cycle days 8 to 17, a significant decline of LH and FSH levels occurred, reaching values on the lower limit of detection. Luteal activity was not detected in any of the treated cycles. Follicular activity, as reflected by estradiol levels, was more strongly depressed during the first treated cycle (first contraceptive pill taken on day 1 of menstruation) than in the third and sixth treated cycles (the first pill taken after a seven-day pill-free interval). The excellent inhibition of follicular maturation was confirmed by ultrasonic assessment of the ovaries. Restoration of ovarian function during the first posttreatment cycle was excellent, showing a midcycle hormonal profile identical to that of the pretrial cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of folliculogenesis and ovulation by the antiprogesterone RU 486.

Healthy, regularly menstruating women were treated with the antiprogesterone RU 486, Mifepristone (Roussel-Uclaf, Romainville, France) during the follicular phase of the cycle. Three women were given 25 mg of RU 486 on days 1 to 14 of the cycle and five received 25 mg on days 1 to 21 of the cycle. Venous blood samples were collected three times per week during a control cycle and during one treatment cycle in each subject. Serum concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and RU 486 were determined by radioimmunoassays. No drug-related side effects and no spotting or bleeding during RU 486 treatment were observed. Menstrual bleeding was delayed by 8.7 +/- 3.8 days (mean +/- SD) after treatment over days 1 to 14 and by 12.6 +/- 3.2 days after treatment over days 1 to 21. During the treatment with RU 486, the serum concentrations of E2 remained low, indicating effective inhibition of folliculogenesis. After cessation of RU 486 treatment, serum E2 levels rose to similar values as in the control cycle, and subsequently serum P concentrations also reached ovulatory levels in six out of the eight volunteers. The results showed that the antiprogesterone RU 486 delayed folliculogenesis and luteinization even at low doses when given during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. It is speculated that this property of RU 486 could be utilized in the design of an estrogen-free combined oral contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Laser light-scattering study of the effect of progesterone on sperm motility.

It is known that progestins can induce in the secretory cells of the cervix the excretion of a mucus that is highly viscuos, scanty, and impenetrable to spermatozoa. Mucus of this type is similar to that excreted during the luteal phase of the normal human menstrual cycle and the cow estrous cycle. It is a natural sequence to ask the question, do progestins also have a direct effect on sperm motility? With dynamic laser light-scattering we measured the motility of freshly washed human spermatozoa and of spermatozoa in the presence of a progesterone, both in terms of their swimming speed distribution as expressed in the spectrum of scattered light. The swimming speed was significantly reduced when the concentration of progesterone was three orders of magnitude greater than that of the physiologic level. This finding confirms the finding in earlier biochemical studies that progesterone has a distinct spermiostatic effect. We suggest this answer to the above question: progestin-releasing contraceptive devices may act on spermatozoa directly as well as in the secretory cells of the cervix.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Functional life span of the corpus luteum gravidarum: an estimation from the mode of fluctuation of serum hormones after artificial termination of pregnancy and succeeding exogenous hCG administration.

Concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), hCG and hPL were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera obtained serially from 35 subjects who received artificial termination of pregnancy and 24 of them were administered 10,000 IU of hCG 3 to 5 days later when endogenous hCG had sufficiently decreased. The subjects were operated respectively at 4-11 weeks (Group A) and 12-23 weeks (Group B) of gestation. In Group B, all the hormones declined promptly showing a hyperbolic pattern. In contrast, E2, P and 17-OHP in Group A revealed a significant delay of decline although hCG and hPL decreased as fast as hormones in Group B. When hCG was administered, P and 17-OHP showed a trend to elevate in Group A, but they showed a trend to decline in Group B. When compared in percentage value, the statistically significant difference is proved in 17-OHP between the two groups. The significant delay of E2, P and 17-OHP and the significant elevation of 17-OHP in Group A as compared with Group B were clearly demonstrated. Since 17-OHP is mainly of luteal origin, these findings seem to confirm that the corpus luteum gravidarum functions as far as 11 weeks of gestation and then involutes.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrauterine devices.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dysmenorrhea↗
PubMed1993

Effects of hormone therapy on the endometrium.

Hormone therapy induces a variety of histologic changes in the endometrium. Histologic patterns encountered in the most commonly used hormonal regimens are described. Oral contraceptives are associated with inactive, atrophic, or pseudosecretory glands and edematous stroma, decidual reaction without spiral arterioles, and stromal granulocytes. A high-potency progesterone may induce marked stromal and vascular hyperplasia and stromal myomatous nodules. Ovulation induction therapy accelerates the maturation of the stroma and is often associated with a discrepancy between the glands showing early secretory changes and an edematous, decidualized stroma. Hormone replacement therapy may stimulate endometrial proliferation if estrogens are used alone and produce endometrial hyperplasia and neoplasia. When estrogen and progesterone regimens are used, a wide range of histologic pattern may be found in various combinations: proliferative and secretory endometrium, glandular and adenomatous hyperplasia, stromal hyperplasia and decidual transformation, glandular metaplasia, atrophic endometrium, and any of the above with endometrial atrophy. Progesterone therapy for endometrial hyperplasia and neoplasia is followed by secretory changes of the endometrium, mostly subnuclear vacuoles, decidual reaction, and sometime squamoid "morules." Secretory changes seen after progesterone therapy in the endometrium do not rule out residual carcinoma. For hormone therapy for breast carcinoma, tamoxifen acts as an antiestrogen on the breast but often acts as an estrogen agonist on the endometrium; tamoxifen therapy may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, adenomyosis, adenomatous hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of low dose gestagens on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis].

The contraceptive effect of continuous treatment with low dose progestogens (minipill) has been attributed mainly to alterations of the cervical mucus and the endometrium. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of low dose progestogens on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function. Plasma concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteininzing hormone (LH), estradiol-17 beta (E-2) and Progesterone were measured daily during apparently ovulatory menstrual cycles and during treatment cycles with different low dose progestogens. From the results obtained it was concluded that the minipill has a clear-cut effect on the LH/FSH peak at midcycle and on corpus luteum function. A cyclic secretion of E-2 is maintained in the majority of cases. In a few treatment cycles however, follicular maturation was suppressed as indicated by low E-2 concentrations. It was concluded that the minipill exerts a profound effect at the central and ovarian level which contributes to its satisfactory contraceptive efficacy.

Adult↗