Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of direct and indirect markers to assess the androgen status in healthy males during aging.

Evaluation of the male androgen status requires a marker that reflects the biologically active fraction of plasma testosterone. The serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration is not suitable here because of its wide inter-individual scatter. As potential biological markers of the active testosterone fraction we compared indirect methods calculated on the basis of SHBG and total testosterone measured by fully automated IMMULITE 2000 assays (DPC, Los Angeles, CA, USA), and total testosterone alone with direct free testosterone measured by RIA (DPC). Indirect methods were the free androgen index FAI, calculated free testosterone cFT, and calculated bio-available testosterone cBT. Further androgens measured were DHEAS and androstenedione. Blood samples were collected from a cohort of 446 healthy men aged between 20-99 years. All parameters except SHBG decreased significantly during aging. The direct free testosterone assay was significantly correlated with the indirect androgen parameters. This is in accordance with earlier results using LC-MS as the gold standard method. The strongest correlation was seen with cBT/measured albumin (r=0.750), though the direct testosterone RIA does not measure the entire unbound fraction of testosterone, and total testosterone can rapidly be measured with an automated assay system. It was found that a fixed albumin concentration of 43 g/L is a reasonable calculation basis for cBT in subjects of <70 years. In the elderly >70 years or persons with known pathologies of the androgen axis, it is commendable to measure the albumin concentration individually. In conclusion, calculated bio-available testosterone (cBT) is the best marker to reflect the bioactive testosterone fraction, i.e. the androgen status in males.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Detection and coping of violence in care].

Violence is an intrinsic phenomenon which deeply disturbs each human being. Violence can be either considered as a threat or as a source of energy. In fact violence is always driven by a vital force which interplays in any human relationship. Violence is a gradual process which is closely linked to the individual's personality, life history, pathology and reaction in confrontation to a precise situation within a determined context. Care givers have to be aware of the early symptoms of violence, identify its main causes to better cope with the patient's aggression and try to avoid catastrophic outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Psychosocial management in medicine: a question of "management bias"?].

It was Roth (1962) who first coined the term "management bias". This term served to brand a pervasive, uncritical identification of the social scientist's perspective in his research projects in medicine, with the problem definition of the medical orderer of research. Instead of unbiased findings he thus tended to affirm administrative categories, Roth argued. I will try to point out that problems like "management bias" are not exclusive to psychosocial science, but they may as well be found in the realm of psychosocial care. The chronically ill became more and more important as a person(ality) during the ongoing process of technical perfection of medical treatment. The intensively, technically supported medical treatment produces within its demands towards the patient and his social context a kind of "human failure", that is, the patient tends to not fulfill the highly demanding treatment tasks. Within psychosocial care, failure will rather be attributed to the personality or family pathology instead of the institutional setting, and in that way the scientific patterns of biased attribution will be repeated, thus revealing "management bias", thus supporting the institution's interest of not being blamed for failure. I'll describe the dynamics of the "management bias" and briefly point out aspects to overcome it.

Bias↗
PubMed1986

Cadmium concentrations in autopsy material from differently polluted areas of West Germany (FRG).

Analyses of Cadmium (Cd) in human specimens demand special interest since the Federal Environmental Agency of West-Germany (UBA, FRG) has published calculations and high figures of renal disturbances due to Cd. We analyzed autopsy material from the Cd-polluted area of Goslar/Harz Mountains (N = 28) and from the less contaminated region Erlangen/Nürnberg (Franconia) (N = 50). As determinants of Cd-concentration special regard was given to age, smoking habits, residence (urban/rural), and medical findings (nephropathy, hypertension). A balanced distribution of age is found in all subdivisions, the mean age of death is 66 and 68 yrs., respectively, in both regions. Median values of Cd-concentrations in the target organs from Franconia were found to be half the amount of those from Goslar (renal cortex: 12/19, medulla: 8/16, liver: 1/3 micrograms Cd/g wet weight). Significant local differences are found for renal medulla and liver (p less than 0.05). In both regions the Cd-content is independent from sex and residence (urban/rural). The influence of tobacco smoking on the Cd-burden is evident (greater than 50%). Cases of hypertension show maximum values, although this trend can't be confirmed by the median values. Regional Cd-pollution seems to have more effect than pathological findings: normotensive persons from Goslar have higher median renal Cd-concentrations than hypertensive patients from Franconia. Analyses of renal diseases reveal the same result. All Cd-concentrations are far below the critical value (200 micrograms Cd/g renal cortex, w.w.). The evaluation of such limit values and the results of similar studies are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Regional peptic acid activity in gastroduodenal ulcers].

The acid peptic activity in different parts of the gastroduodenal area using an original method was investigated in 25 patients with duodenal ulcer, 39 patients with gastric ulcer and 14 controls. Acidity and proteolytic activity in the gastroduodenal area were different and correlated with morphofunctional peculiarities of the mucosa. The acid peptic activity in the zone of ulceration in mediogastric and anthropyloric ulcers did not exceed that in persons without gastroduodenal pathology. The acid peptic activity in the proximal part of the duodenum was higher in the patients with duodenal ulcer than in the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Social compensation problems of children and adolescents suffering from epilepsy against a background of neural infection].

Five hundred individuals with a history of neural infection in childhood or adolescence have been followed-up. Lower indicators, in particular with regard to academic performance, have been found in persons with CNS pathology, risk factors of epilepsy, and especially in epileptic patients, as compared to clinically healthy subjects. This is explained by psychic and neurologic abnormalities, above all by the presence of the cerebral asthenic, hypertensive CSF syndrome and affective aberrations, as well as by the rate and severity of attacks. The factors contributing to the improvement of social compensation include above all psychoneurologic and pedagogical observation over children with a history of neural infection attended by residual abnormalities, intensification of health education of teachers and parents and adequate individual professional orientation and employment.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

That which patients bring to analysis.

In this paper it is suggested that patients bring to analysis their damaged inner objects, and not only themselves, to undergo reparation because they are unable to do it. Stress is put on the very complex mechanisms used to keep damaged and dying inner objects alive whilst waiting for help to come. The contrast between concrete repair and psychic reparation appears to be very important and the defences necessitated by failed reparation efforts are described. Failed reparation manoeuvres must not be confused with resulting defences. Examples are given for various levels of personality organizations and pathology, including neurotic, borderline, psychotic, psychosomatic and hypochondriacal patients. A group of six neurotic patients is included.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Friedrich Kraus--originator of functional diagnosis and electrocardiography in Germany].

The 50th anniversary of the death of Friedrich Kraus (31 May 1858 to 1 March 1936) was the occasion to remind of the merits of this internist for the development of the functional diagnostics and the spreading of the electrocardiography in Germany. After the first professorship in Graz (foundation of the constitution research) he was appointed director of the 2nd Medical Clinic of the Charité in Berlin 1902, where he worked up to his discharge from the active service in 1927. From 1906 he dealt with electrocardiological problems, mainly together with G.F. Nicolai (1874-1955). In 1910 the first monography on "The Electrocardiogram of the Healthy and Ill Man" was published. After World War I Kraus dealt with the "Special Pathology and Therapy of Internal Diseases" and the "General and Special Pathology of the Person". In the theory of the depth person, being ahead of the time, psychosomatic connections were explained. A selective bibliography of the most important works of Kraus is added to the paper.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1987

[Genetic aspects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (familial studies and relation of HLA to obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)].

The purpose of the paper was to study the families of 31 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) to establish the hereditary nature of disease as well as to study the peculiarities of distribution of HLA-A, B and DR antigens in 44 patients (Russians) with obstructive HCMP using a method of histocompatibility typing. Echocardiographic investigation of 105 relatives of 31 patients with various types of HCMP revealed 32 patients with the same pathology among 84 persons in 20 families suggesting the familial pattern of disease. Antigen markers of predisposition to obstructive HCMP were established: HLA-B27, DR1 and DR4. DR4 antigen has primary relationship with the disease. Some differences in the distribution of HLA-antigens in men and women with obstructive HCMP were revealed. There was no correlation of HLA-markers with the severity of disease and patient's age at which the disease developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Apolipoproteins B and A-I in the plasma of a random sample of an organized population of 20 to 59-year-old men and ischemic heart disease].

The authors presented the results of a study of the level of blood plasma apo-B and apo-A-I in random samples (by age decades from 20 to 60) of the organized male population (n = 309) and additionally of CHD patients who were not entered into the random samples (n = 82). Age differences in the level of blood plasma apo-B and apo-A-I were noted; a significant positive correlation with age of the level of apolipoprotein B at the age of 20 to 59 and a negative correlation of apo-A-I in males aged 20 to 39 were revealed. By the percentile distribution of apo-LP-B and A-I the relative borders of their high and low values were defined in random samples of males aged 20 to 39 and 40 to 59. Significant differences in the prevalence of high and low levels of apo-B and apo-A-I were demonstrated among patients with CHD and persons without this pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in the diagnosis of lung cancer].

A radioimmunoassay was used for a comparative study of CEA concentrations in the blood serum and bronchoalveolar washes-off in patients with lung cancer (27) and nontumorous lung disease (with bronchitis-14, pneumonia-18, tuberculosis-11, disseminated processes of nontumorous etiology.-12) and in persons without lung pathology (7). Diagnostic sensitivity of CEA determination in the washes-off was 89%, in the blood serum 33%; the specificity was 86 and 56.5%, respectively. The resultant diagnostic accuracy using washes-off was 86%, i.e. almost twice as high as compared to the blood serum (44.7%). Such a high accuracy in CEA determination in the bronchoalveolar washes-off provides an opportunity to use the method for differential diagnosis in unclear cases and for defining groups at high risk of developing lung cancer. The combination of a high level of CEA with unfavorable signs like basal cell hyperplasia, epidermoid metaplasia necessitate patients' follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Interaction of heparin with lipoproteins - role of the complex in the inactivation of thrombin and plasmin.

Heparin forms a complex with human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the presence of Ca2+. The complex is dissociable by 0.5 M NaCl. Thrombin and plasmin causes the dissociation of the LDL-heparin complex, whereas factor Xa does not. Heparin, complexed with LDL, retains its enhancing effect on the rate of thrombin and plasmin inactivation by antithrombin III. LDL isolated from the plasma of persons with different pathological conditions did not alter the rate of thrombin inactivation by antithrombin III either in the absence or in the presence of heparin. Heparin seems to maintain its biological functions when it is in a complex with LDL.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1984

[Roentgenologic study of the nasopharynx based on changes in its soft-tissue component and processing of the data by mathematical methods].

To assess the potentialities of improving the level of x-ray diagnosis of rhinopharyngeal tumors, 4 parameters that define rhinopharyngeal soft tissue thickness on a lateral radiogram were measured in 100 persons without rhinopharyngeal pathology and in 82 patients with different tumors of this site. The levelling of sex and age influence on the measured parameters was made possible through standardizing the measurements of the C3 vertebra body in height and width. Discriminant function was plotted for a simultaneous consideration of all 4 parameters, bearing in mind that the diagnostic value of each individual parameter is not very high. A significant diagnostic response was obtained in 70% of the cases whereas in the rest of 30% of the cases, rhinopharyngeal tumor was only suspected.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological studies of malocclusion in the school population of a mountain district].

Authors report the prevalence of malocclusions in 2227 school children of a mountain district. The frequency of this pathology is very high especially in the first and third class of Angle's classification. The prevalence in this sample results also statistically higher than in a sample of school children of the plane in the province of Pavia, particularly in six years old children and in the Angle's classes we have mentioned. Authors remember the importance that preventing medicine, through sanitary education, can play in the pathology depending on personal behaviours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Myocardial functional state in neurocirculatory dystonia].

The function of the myocardium during bicycle ergometry (submaximum exertion) was studied in 97 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) bymeans of polycardiography. Three types of reaction of cardiodynamics to the exertion were revealed: a favourable reaction, similar on the whole to the normal reaction; hyperdynamic reaction which was evidence of hyperkinetic cardiac activity; unfavourable reaction associated with impaired myocardial contractility. Clinical and instrumental comparison enabled the author to detect some regular features as the result of which the severity of NCD could he objectified, the decrease in physical exertion tolerance to be assessed differentially, and the working capacity in persons with the pathological condition to be assessed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Interepisode periods in schizoaffective psychoses].

A total of 107 patients with 2--10 attacks of schizoaffective psychosis were studied by a clinico-catamnestical method. The following 3 main variants of the disease are distinguished: cyclothymolike, typical schizoaffective and drawing near shift-like schizophrenia. Clinical types of remissions, typical for schizoaffective psychosis are described: hyperthymasthenic, asthenic, thymopathical and psychopathlike. In the late stages of the disease the duration of lucid periods in most of the cases is shortened while the quality of the remission is lower. At the same time of process-symptoms, which are mainly determined by affective pathology, and not personality abnormality, lead to a disadaptation of the patients.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1993

The contributions of Etienne Bourdet (1722-1789) to the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease.

Two of the most important figures in the development of the dental profession in eighteenth-century France were Pierre Fauchard and Etienne Bourdet. The title, father of modern dentistry, rightly belongs to Fauchard, for his treatise was the first comprehensive description of dental practice. He broke new ground, and in so doing he set high standards for those who would follow. Bourdet, one generation after Fauchard, was equally effective in describing the practice of dentistry in his treatise published in 1757. The fame of Fauchard continues to overshadow the merit of some of Bourdet's original contributions, especially in the area of periodontal disease. Examination of Fauchard's and Bourdet's concepts of gingival and periodontal pathology, and their methods of managing the disease, reveals many similarities as well as significant differences. Bourdet linked gingival inflammation to local alveolar bone loss with much intuition. In his writings we see the origin of the notions of the gingival pocket, and of an ulcerated pocket epithelium. Furthermore, his treatment rationale was based on a clearly defined concept of the local pathology formed from personal observation.

France↗