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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

An electron microscopic study of early pathology in chondromalacia of the patella.

For a study of the ultrastructural pathology of chondromalacia patellae, we studied biopsy specimens that had been obtained at operation in twelve young patients who had pain in the anterior aspect of the knee due to mechanical derangement and also had the pathological changes in articular cartilage that are characteristic of chondromalacia. The initial pathological finding was swelling of the superficial matrix associated with breakdown of the collagen fiber network, especially at matrix streaks in the superficial and transitional zones. Fibrillated cartilage contained surface fissures that penetrated the middle layers. Amorphous electron-dense material was found covering the internal surfaces of the fissures; this appeared to contain degraded components of the matrix. In association with these changes, there were formation of nests of cells (clusters of chondrocytes) and increased numbers of organelles in the chondrocytes. A limited repair reaction also was observed in some specimens; this was characterized by the migration of fibroblast-like cells over the surface of the cartilage. The ultrastructural observations on these specimens from patients who had chondromalacia were compatible with a pathogenesis resulting from mechanical overload.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Olecranization of the patella in posterior instability of the knee.

A case report is given in which temporary fixation of the patella to the tibia with a Steinmann pin was used in a patient with gross knee instability due to deficient cruciate ligaments. The pin was left in place for seven months, and at last follow-up--14 months postoperatively--marked improvement in knee stability was noted. The procedure is applicable as a means of maintaining reduction in posterior cruciate repairs and reconstructions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Experimental post-contusive osteoarthritis of the knee: quantitative microscopic study of the patella and the femoral condyles.

A contusive procedure has been developed for the induction of a predictable and reproducible degenerative joint disease in knees of rabbits. Significant degeneration was observed in patella, condyles, and trochlea. These lesions included fibrillation, ulceration and erosion, clones of chondrocytes, and osteophyte formation. The incidence and distribution of lesions with time following contusion were also investigated. Lesions were observed as early as 1 day post-contusion and increased in number and severity. A global scoring system has been devised to permit comparisons of lesion incidence and severity, specially to test drug efficacy in this model of osteoarthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Laterally luxating patella in a goat.

A laterally luxating patella causing progressively worsening hind limb lameness was discovered in an 18-month-old cross-bred goat. The luxation was believed to be congenital in origin. Surgical correction was accomplished via subchondral trochlear sulcoplasty, capsular imbrication, and lateral relieving desmotomy. Surgical correction of an unusual orthopedic problem in goats can be accomplished by use of routine canine orthopedic techniques.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute dislocation of the patella in children. The natural history.

On the basis of a survey of 55 cases, we can predict that one child in 6 with acute dislocation of the patella will develop recurrent dislocation. Two in 6 children have minor symptoms and the remainder are asymptomatic. The majority of patients show the radiological signs of patellofemoral dysplasia.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Osteosarcoma of the patella in a dog.

Osteosarcoma of the patella was diagnosed by biopsy in a 9-year-old, male dog of mixed breeding. The dog was originally examined because of intermittent lameness of the left hindlimb; there were minimal palpable abnormalities of the stifle. After the diagnosis, the owner refused further treatment for the dog. The dog was reexamined 13 months later because of a marked swelling of the stifle. The dog was euthanatized and necropsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Trochlear recession for correction of luxating patella in the dog.

Trochlear recession is a surgical technique for stabilizing luxating patellas by recessing the trochlear sulcus 1 to 2 mm. The smooth hyaline cartilage of the articulating trochlear surface is preserved. This technique has provided excellent results in 41 stifles of 28 dogs, as determined by a 6-month to 6-year follow-up, with an average follow-up period of 3.2 years.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Osteoblastoma of the patella (author's transl)].

Osteoblastoma is a rare bony tumour. Its localisation at the level of the patella seems exceptional. Our case is the third published case. Wide curetage was a failure, and did not permit histological diagnosis. A cure was obtained by patellectomy, after which the diagnosis of the lesion was made without any doubt.

Aged↗
PubMed1974

The nail-patella syndrome-pathogenesis of the kidney lesion.

The nail-patella syndrome is an inheritable disorder of connective tissue in which multiple osseous abnormalities are frequently associated with renal dysfunction and proteinuria. This paper describes a unique abnormality of glomerular basement membranes (GBM) in eight patients. The abnormality consists of fibrils and bundles of cross-striated collagen within the GBM of each patient, including children with minimal proteinuria. This ultrastructural lesion may provide increased understanding of the pathogenesis of the basic defect underlying both the osseous and renal lesion.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1979

[Diagnostic progress in familial nephropathy. Alport's syndrome, nail-patella syndrome and benign familial hematuria (author's transl)].

Progress in the field of morphology and new insights in human genetics, have led to the early diagnosis of hereditary nephropathy in growing number of cases. Light microscopic findings are not specific. Using electron microscopy, however, cases with primary lesions of the peripheral glomerular basement membrane (Alport's syndrome, benign familial hematuria, nail-patella syndrome) exhibit pathognomonic morphologic changes even in early stages of the disease. Electron microscopy is thus the only effective diagnostic method in suspicious cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Late results of Hauser procedure for recurrent dislocation of the patella.

To determine whether the Hauser procedure for recurrent dislocation of the patella prevents repeated dislocation and provides a functional knee without late degenerative arthritis, 52 patients with 67 surgically treated knees were studied clinically and roentgenographically with an average follow-up of 17.1 years. Greater than 70% of patients had an excellent or good result up to as long as 30 years postoperatively. There appeared to be no predisposition to the development of degenerative arthritis. Recurrent dislocation persisted in 7% of cases and female patients with generalized ligamentous laxity had a high incidence of persistant, recurrent dislocation and poorer long-term results. Development of genu recurvatum is a definite risk in patients who have tibial tubercle transfer prior to epiphyseal plate closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paget's disease of the patella.

Isolated Paget's disease of the patella occurred in a 44-year-old man, and included previously unreported complications of this disorder such as patellofemoral arthritis and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Semitendinosus tenodesis for recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the patella.

In 26 knees treated by semitendinosus tenodesis, there was no recurrence of dislocation, but fair and poor results totaled 38% due to persistent pain because of chondromalacia of the patella. Poor results are also more common in the patients with generalized ligamentous laxity. Postoperative complications in wound healing suggest that the medial parapatellar skin incision is less than adequate. Semitendinosus tenodesis with or without modifications is a useful procedure to prevent recurrent dislocations and subluxation during the growth period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Spongialization: a new treatment for diseased patellae.

Spongialization is an extension of the concept of Pridie for resurfacing damaged joints. The diseased cartilage is excised and the subchondral plate completely removed exposing the cancellous bone or "spongiosa" from which a new fibrous tissue surface can grow. The technique is particularly applicable to a localized lesion of the patella. Eighty-five patients who had patellar spongialization and were followed from 6--36 months (average 15 months) are reported, with 79% reporting good or excellent results. Provided that there was severe cartilage damage in each case, the early results are better than with either patellectomy or "shaving" of the diseased cartilage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Double-contrast arthrography in chondropathia patellae--clinical and experimental study on pathogenesis and diagnosis (author's transl)].

This study is based on the evaluation of 250 arthrographies of the patellofemoral joint ("défilé" arthrographs in Ficat's terminology) which were performed because of clinical suspicion of chondropathia patellae and which could be controlled intraoperatively in 30 cases, as well as on examinations employing an etching paste as used in metallurgy and performed on 20 knee-joints of corpses. 46% of the arthrographies showed a ridge-shaped cartilaginous thickening which was not pre-modelled in the osseous structure and which separated the medial facette into a paramedian and a marginal segment and correlated with chondromalacia to a greater degree than patellar dysplasias or secondary osseous changes. This variant, which could not be detected by plain roentgenography, must be considered as a pre-arthrotic deformity on account of the high point-shaped pressure load on the ridge. The findings were fully confirmed by macroscopic examination of the postmortem material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Osteochondritis dissecans of the patella (author's transl)].

Five cases of osteochondritis dissecans patellae were seen and followed during years 1971--1978. Special interest was pointed to the site of the lesion, at which age the disease appeared, and to the physical activity of the patients. In one case only patellar subluxation could be confirmed. In two cases radioisotope (Tc99) szintigraphy was done with positive finding. The radiological finding was typical in all cases. The treatment was conservative in all cases but one. Loose body formed once in the series. Operative treatment should be directed only to the cases with persistent symptoms and/or loose bodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of post-traumatic dislocation of the patella. Critical study of 29 cases (author's transl)].

The treatment of post-traumatic dislocation of the patella depends on careful examination. One should propose surgery in most cases, for not only one may leave a foreign body within the joint, but above all correction of the extensor apparatus is necessary in more than 50 p. cent of cases, to avoid a recurrence. The quality of the results depends on the preoperative analysis of the knee. Our study of 29 cases confirmed this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Operative treatment of chondromalacia patellae (author's transl)].

Operative treatment of chondromalacia patella should be indicated especially in adolescents with great care. It can be clearly identified by a narrowing of the cartilage on the X-ray (tangential picture of the femoropatellar joint) and the presence of osteophytes on the margin of the joint. The following methods of operative treatment are recommended: Proximal decompressive operation by splitting the lateral retinaculum in light cases and the elevation of the tuberositas tibiae for severe chondromalacia and femoropatellar arthrosis. Follow-up examinations and the results are presented.

Adolescent↗