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PubMedDate not supplied

Spondylitis in turkeys associated with experimental Pasteurella anatipestifer infection.

Nine previously vaccinated turkeys were inoculated intravenously with Pasteurella anatipestifer, and blood samples were taken periodically to evaluate the potential of chronically infected turkeys to serve as reservoirs of infection for blood-feeding arthropod vectors. Vertebral osteomyelitis (spondylitis), as yet unreported in the literature in association with infection with the organism, was found in the thoracic vertebrae of five out of nine inoculated turkeys, and P. anatipestifer was isolated from the thoracic vertebrae of three of the five. The organism was isolated from the peripheral blood of six turkeys 24 hours postinoculation and from the peripheral blood of one turkey 7 days postinoculation. The organism was also isolated from the heart blood of two birds at necropsy--from one at 21 days and, following an intramuscular injection of dexamethasone, from the other turkey at 38 days postinoculation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaccination of turkeys with cell-free culture filtrate of Pasteurella multocida: effects of ultrafiltration and endotoxin removal.

Cell-free culture filtrate (CCF) of Pasteurella multocida strain R44/6 (serotype 3/4/9/12) was fractionated by ultrafiltration into fractions of less than 10,000, greater than 10,000, greater than 30,000, and 10,000 to 30,000 molecular weight (MW). The less-than-10,000-MW fraction contained little endotoxin comparable to bacteriologic medium; the 10,000-to-30,000-MW fraction had a moderate amount of endotoxin, whereas the greater-than-10,000- and greater-than-30,000-MW fractions contained high levels of endotoxin. Following ultrafiltration, each fraction, except the less-than-10,000-MW fraction, was divided into two equal parts, and endotoxin was removed from one part. Turkeys were vaccinated with the various MW fractions of CCF, with and without endotoxin, via the air sacs at 6 and 9 weeks of age and compared with negative controls given bacteriologic medium and positive controls vaccinated with a commercial bacterin. Before oral challenge with strain P-1059 (serotype 3) at 12 weeks of age, antibody titers were detected only in positive control turkeys. Protection against challenge, as measured by post-challenge mortality and body-weight gain, was provided by the greater-than-10,000-, greater-than-30,000-, and 10,000-to-30,000-MW fractions containing endotoxin and the commercial bacterin. Turkeys that had been vaccinated with bacteriologic medium and the four different fractions without endotoxin were not protected. Results indicated that endotoxin in CCF of P. multocida is critical in protecting turkeys from pasteurellosis.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed1991

Heat-labile toxin-producing isolates of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits.

Five of one hundred forty seven isolates of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits were found to produce heat-labile toxin. Each isolate was assayed for the ability of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) extracts to cause dermonecrosis in guinea pig skin, ability of bacteria or filtrates to cause cytotoxicity in cell cultures, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to heat-labile P. multocida toxin. Five capsular type D isolates produced dermonecrosis and reacted with monoclonal antibodies to toxin. Filtrates of all five of these isolates were cytotoxic for cell cultures. Potassium thiocyanate extracts of all five isolates caused pleuritis and pneumonia in rabbits after intranasal inoculation. Turbinate atrophy was seen in 5 of 19 rabbits inoculated intranasally with toxic extracts. Heat-labile toxin was not produced by 109 capsular type A isolates or 19 nontypable isolates.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2006

Detection of Pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected embryonated chicken eggs by PCR assay.

Applicability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect Pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected embryonated chicken egg was assessed in the present study. PCR assay rapidly and specifically detected the genome of P. multocida in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid and homogenates of infected embryo and its membranes. The sensitivity of detection was as low as 20 bacterial cells/ml of allantoic or amniotic fluids. Detection of P. multocida in dead embryos by PCR was possible up to 6 and 30 days or more following storage of dead embryos at 37 degrees C, and at 4 degrees C as well as at -20 degrees C, respectively. The study revealed that PCR assays could be employed directly for detection and confirmation of P. multocida infection in experimentally infected chicken embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Pasteurella multocida and Candida albicans peritonitis].

Peritonitis is a well-known complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Repetitive episodes may induce an irreversible damage of the peritoneal membrane and are a frequent cause of PD drop-out. The great majority of the episodes are due to Staphylococci, Streptococci or gram- negative organisms. Unusual organisms have been reported, specially in immunosuppressed hosts. Few cases of Pasteurella Multocida (PM) have been described in PD patients. To our knowledge, we describe the first case preceding a Candida Albicans (CA) peritonitis. A review of the literature of PM peritonitis and the relation between these two microorganisms is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Screening rabbit colonies for antibodies to Pasteurella multocida by an ELISA.

Rabbit serum samples from eleven different research facilities were evaluated for the presence of immunoglobulin G against Pasteurella multocida by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each facility which submitted serum samples also provided a brief history of each rabbit colony tested. Rabbits from colonies reported to have endemic P. multocida or of undetermined status had 83 (58.9%) of 141 rabbits that were positive. Colonies reported to be free from P. multocida had 110 (92.4%) of 119 rabbits that were negative by ELISA. The ELISA test described here showed a high degree of agreement (92-94%) with two other P. multocida ELISAs at different diagnostic facilities. This study confirms that an ELISA testing for serum antibodies against the P. multocida is a reliable diagnostic tool to screen colonies for P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of A live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, para-influenza type-3 virus and Pasteurella multocida in calves.

A live trivalent vaccine for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus (IBR), Para-influenza type-3 virus (PI3) and Pasteurella multocida type B vaccine was prepared. The preparation contained 10(7) TCID50 of IBR, 10(7) TCID50 of PI3 & 10(9) CFU of P. multocida type B per 3 ml. Ten calves (5-7 days old) were vaccinated intranasally while five unvaccinated calves of the same age were used as control. Vaccinated calves were examined daily for disease manifestation. Serum and nasal secretion specimens were collected prevaccination and at 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days following vaccination. The results indicated that, intranasal vaccination with the live trivalent vaccine stimulates the development of satisfactory level of circulating and mucosal antibodies. It is concluded that the prepared vaccine may be useful for controlling Bovine respiratory disease in calves.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Development of a toxA gene knock-out mutant of Pasteurella multocida and evaluation of its protective effects.

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary and opportunistic human pathogen. In particular, strains of P. multocida serogroup D cause progressive atrophic rhinitis, and produce a potent, intracellular, mitogenic toxin known as P. multocida toxin (PMT), which is encoded by the toxA gene. To further investigate the toxigenic and pathogenic effects of PMT, a toxA-deleted mutant was developed by homologous gene recombination. When administrated to mice, the toxigenicity of the toxA mutant P. multocida was drastically reduced, suggesting that the PMT contributes the major part of the toxigenicity of P. multocida. Similar results were obtained in a subsequent experiment, while high mortalities were observed when toxA(+) P. multocida bacterial culture or culture lysate were administrated. Mice immunized with toxA(-) P. multocida were not protected (none survived) following challenge with toxA(+) P. multocida or bacterial culture lysate (toxin). These results suggest that the toxigenicity of P. multocida is mainly derived from PMT.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Fowl cholera outbreak in domestic poultry and epidemiological properties of Pasteurella multocida isolate.

Symptoms of fowl cholera including orofacial edema, swollen and edematous wattles and combs, and severe respiratory disorders were detected in domestic poultry in two broiler breeder farms: one located in Gyeong-gi Province (October, 2000) and the other in Chung-cheong-nam Province (March, 2001). Gram-negative, bipolar staining bacillus was easily found in a direct smear. The biochemical properties of isolates were examined using a standard diagnosis method, proving that they were 99.7% similar to the Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida: PM), a pathogenic and causative agent of fowl cholera (FC). As a result, an FC outbreak in domestic fowls was confirmed for the first time in Korea since 1942. Because FC was detected in broiler breeder farms for the first time in 59 years at the same time as an FC outbreak was confirmed in wild birds (October, 2000), our concern was focused on whether the PM strains that originated in wild birds were transmitted into poultry farms. The possibility was tracked down by comparing phenotypic and genetic properties between the two types of PM strains. PM strains of chicken origin showed prominent differences from the PM strains of wild bird origin in both phenotypic and genetic properties. An examination of the origin of the wild bird bacteria was conducted, but no evidence has been identified that PM strains from the wild bird were introduced into domestic poultry farms.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Molecular epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys.

Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys during an outbreak of fowl cholera was characterized by serotype and heterogeneity of genes encoding rRNA (ribotype) to investigate the epidemiology of the organism. Isolates were collected between October 1985 and July 1986. The M9 or Clemson University fowl cholera vaccine-like strain was detected in 17% of the flocks with fowl cholera. One particular strain, isolated only from breeder flocks, was recovered from 7 of the 10 breeder flocks examined in this study. Intracompany transmission appeared to be common, implying a failure in biosecurity. Circumstantial evidence indicated that in the field; the incubation period of P multocida in a turkey flock may be between 2 to 7 weeks. Wildlife did not appear to be an important reservoir of P multocida for turkeys during this study period. Ribotyping results tended to discount several of the possible interflock transmissions, as suggested by examination of serotyping results alone; however, serotyping in combination with ribotyping proved helpful in understanding the epidemiology of P multocida in turkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Abortion of a sow caused by Pasteurella aerogenes.

Three strains of the Pasteurella aerogenes complex were isolated as sole pathogens from aborted fetuses of a sow aborted at the 12th week of gestation on a farm of 600 sows. Gross pathology showed no characteristic lesions. The isolates were biochemically identical and resembled P. pneumotropica on the basis of their strong indole and urease positivity but they produced gas, were ornithine decarboxylase negative and fermented mannitol but not trehalose. Only a few differences were apparent in biochemical characteristics between the isolated strains and P. aerogenes. They differed from the type strain of P. aerogenes in ornithine decarboxylase activity, indole production and lactose and mannitol fermentation; however, such strains do occur within this heterogeneous species. At the time of abortion the antibody titre of the aborted sow was 1 in 16 when examined with live bacterial suspension and 1 in 128 if boiled antigen was used. Similar strains could not be isolated from the vaginas of aborted sows or pregnant and newly farrowed sows in the same group. The bacteriological, serological and histological findings support the opinion of other workers on the occasional pathogenic nature of P. aerogenes.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1991

Resistance to antimicrobial agents and prevalence of R plasmids in Pasteurella multocida from swine.

Twenty-nine field isolates of porcine Pasteurella multocida were characterized for their capsular and somatic types and were evaluated for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. Plasmid DNA-screening experiments were conducted to determine whether a relationship existed between the presence of plasmids and antibiotic resistance. Field isolates of P multocida were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested, but all isolates were resistant to clindamycin. Eleven isolates of serogroup D were resistant to 1 or 2 antimicrobial agents. Resistance to sulfonamides and streptomycin was observed in 7 isolates. These isolates contained R plasmids conferring resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. The R plasmids belonged to 2 groups, one of 5.6 kilobase and the other of 5.9 kilobase. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA hybridization revealed that these R plasmids were related to RSF1010 from Salmonella panama, which also confers resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic variation in resistance of turkeys to experimental challenge with Pasteurella multocida.

Six hundred fifty-five male and female turkeys representing four genetic lines were challenged in 10 experiments over a 3-year period with a field isolate of Pasteurella multocida. Poults were challenged at 45 days of age with 1 ml of an inoculum containing 1.2 x 10(7) bacteria per ml. The lines of turkeys included two randombred control lines (RBC1 and RBC2), a subline (E) of RBC1 selected for increased egg production, and a subline (F) of RBC2 selected for increased 16-week body weight. The number of days from exposure to severe clinical signs or death for Line F (5.8 days) differed significantly from that of Line E (8.2 days), Line RBC1 (8.0 days), and Line RBC2 (8.2 days). There were no significant differences due to sex of poult for number of days from exposure to severe clinical signs or death. Overall mortality observed was 51.2%. Mortality was highest for Line F (72.1%) and differed significantly from that of the other lines. Mortality among male poults did not differ significantly from mortality among female poults.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vaccination against progressive atrophic rhinitis with a recombinant Pasteurella multocida toxin derivative.

Vaccination against progressive atrophic rhinitis using a purified recombinant derivative of the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT), was carried out. Ten pregnant gilts were vaccinated twice with the nontoxic derivative (dO) which apart from a lack of 121 amino acids had an amino acid sequence identical to PMT, while seven gilts were vaccinated with a purified, formaldehyde treated, native PMT and ten gilts served as non-vaccinated controls. The resulting piglets were inoculated intranasally with Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic P. multocida. Among piglets from the nonvaccinated gilts all except one developed clinical atrophic rhinitis and 90% developed severe turbinate atrophy while only a few pigs in the vaccinated groups developed clinical or pathological signs of disease. Gilt colostra from the two vaccinated groups had similar mean anti-PMT titers and the mean titers in the offspring's sera from these groups were nearly identical throughout the study. No pigs born from unvaccinated gilts were seropositive until 8 wk of age (7 wk post-challenge) but 23% became seropositive at slaughter. The infection rate with toxigenic P. multocida in piglets and the total number of P. multocida colonies cultured from nasal swabs were significantly reduced at 5 wk and 8 wk of age in the vaccinated groups, when compared to controls. There was a significantly improved weight gain (greater than 9%) from birth to slaughter in offspring from vaccinated gilts. No significant differences in feed conversion rate or % lean meat were observed among the groups. The study showed the excellent immunoprotective properties of the nontoxic derivative of the PMT molecule.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo antigen expression by Pasteurella multocida.

Pasteurella multocida was purified from the blood of turkeys affected with acute fowl cholera, and membrane preparations from those bacteria were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized on immunoblots. Antigens were detected in the membranes of these in vivo-propagated bacteria that were not detected in membrane preparations of the same P. multocida strain grown in vitro. The unique antigens were detected in the detergent-insoluble phase and were enriched to various degrees by different detergents.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Atrophic rhinitis caused by Pasteurella multocida type D: morphometric analysis.

In order to study the distribution and the extent of atrophy caused by Pasteurella multocida in the nasal conchae, experimental piglets were injected intramuscularly at seven days of age with either two or four 50% mouse lethal doses per kg body weight of P. multocida type D dermonecrotoxin. Experimental and control piglets were killed four, six and ten days postinjection. Serial transverse paraffin embedded sections of the noses were cut throughout the entire length of the nasal conchae. The area of the nasal ventral conchae was measured and the morphometric index of the nasal cavity was calculated. It was observed that P. multocida type D dermonecrotoxin induced severe atrophy of the nasal ventral conchae. This atrophy was present along the entire conchae. However, it was most severe at the level of the first and second premolar teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Adherence of Pasteurella multocida isolated from pigs and relationship with capsular type and dermonecrotic toxin production.

Pasteurella multocida can often be isolated from pneumonic lungs in pigs. There is little information about the pathogenesis of this infection. Attachment of microorganisms to eucaryotic cells is considered to be a prerequisite for colonization of the host in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections. Forty-seven P multocida strains isolated from pigs in France, and belonging to capsular type A or D were tested for their ability to agglutinate human erythrocytes, and to adhere to tracheal and lung cells. Each isolate was tested for dermonecrotic toxin production. Adherent strains were further observed by electron microscopy to look for attachment structure. Only type A strains agglutinated human O erythrocytes, but no relationship was observed between hemagglutination and dermonecrotic toxin production. The results of the adherence tests showed a greater affinity (P less than 0.05) of type A strains for lung cells (50% were adherent, whereas only 20% of type D strains were adherent) but did not reveal any correlation between adherence and the presence of dermonecrotic toxin. Microscope observations showed that these P multocida strains did not possess any pili-like structures. In conclusion, by means of the adherence test we were able to demonstrate a stronger adherence of type A strains and this adherence did not seem to be related to pili-like structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The genetic classification of the Pasteurella pneumotropica complex].

Pasteurella pneumotropica with its biotypes Jawetz and Heyl are the most common bacterial pathogens associated with diseases in rodents. 23 P. pneumotropica biotype Jawetz, biotype Heyl and P. pneumotropica-like rodentia isolates have been investigated phenotypically by characterization of their micromorphology and biochemical fermentation reactions. The taxonomic position within the family Pasteurellaceae has been examined by DNA:DNA hybridisation (optical method). It could be shown that P. pneumotropica biotype Jawetz represents a genus-like cluster containing several species including the V-factor dependent Haemophilus Taxon B and the avian P. pneumotropica-like organism and therefore resembles a new species of the new genus. It is concluded that the biotype Heyl of P. pneumotropica taxonomically remains as a species within the family Pasteurellaceae, however without further relationship to other known genera or genus-like groups.

Animals↗