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Results for “Otitis Externa”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Frequent hospital admissions for bacterial infections among aboriginal people with diabetes in central Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine hospital-based morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections among Aboriginal people with diabetes in central Australia. DESIGN: Examination of medical records on diabetic inpatients between January 1984 and December 1986. SETTING: Alice Springs Hospital in central Australia, covering an Aboriginal population of about 12,500 people. PATIENTS: Subjects admitted with a bacterial infection (n = 165) were selected from the database of all Aboriginal people known to have diabetes in the region (n = 374; all had non-insulin dependent diabetes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of admissions, type and site of infections, causative organisms, duration of hospital stay and cause of death. RESULTS: The 281 admissions for infections accounted for 4.6% of adult Aboriginal admissions to hospital. Thirteen patients died. Eleven patients required amputation of a digit or limb. In 1986, 13/200 patients admitted with diabetes had bacteraemia compared with 14/1885 patients who did not have diabetes. One patient had Fournier's gangrene, one had malignant otitis externa, one community acquired Acinetobacter pneumonia, one pneumonia with Succinivibrio spp. found in blood cultures, and one meningitis and transverse myelopathy with Streptococcus milleri found in blood cultures. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency, type and severity of infections in the relatively young patients result in high personal costs to the community and financial costs to the health care system. Standard preventive measures must be implemented to control severe bacterial infections among subjects with diabetes in this socially and economically marginalised population group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Findings in pinnipeds stranded along the central and northern California coast, 1984-1990.

Personnel at The Marine Mammal Center (The Center) treated 1,446 stranded marine mammals recovered from the central and northern California (USA) coast from 1984 through 1990, including California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), and Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi). The primary disease findings in stranded California sea lions were renal disease, renal disease complicated by severe verminous pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, seizures of unknown etiology, and renal disease complicated by severe pneumonia of unknown etiology. Stranded elephant seals included pups, yearlings with dermatological problems, and neonates. Most harbor seals admitted to The Center were underweight and premature pups. Stranded northern fur seals included animals with seizures of unknown etiology and emaciated pups. Stranded Steller sea lions included underweight pups and aged adult females with pneumonia. Two Guadalupe fur seals had hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Incidental findings at the time of stranding among the six species included verminous pneumonia and pneumonia of unknown etiology, renal disease, internal parasitism, ophthalmologic problems, gastrointestinal disorders, otitis externa, and external wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Otalgia in children.

Otalgia is a common symptom in the pediatric age group. The most common cause is acute otitis media, followed by otitis externa. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis can be established by a thorough history and a careful otologic examination. When the otologic findings are normal and the etiology is obscure, a thorough work-up to determine the source of referred pain is essential. Laboratory investigations are usually not necessary. Treatment should always be directed at the underlying cause.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Yeasts of the genus Malassezia: taxonomic classification and significance in (veterinary and) clinical medicine].

The historical development of the taxonomic classification of Malassezia yeasts until today yielded the description of seven different species based upon molecularbiological, morphological and biochemical parameters (M. furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, M. slooffiae). Tests like Cremophor EL assimilation, esculin degradation, catalase test, pigment production and determination of polidocanol sensitivity appear to be suitable procedures for routine identification of the different species. Their colonization of clinically healthy humans (in particular M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. obtusa) and animals (M. pachydermatis) skin renders interpretation difficulties, when isolating Malassezia spp. from clinical specimens. Out of the seven species, in man the clinical significance of M. furfur for pityriasis versicolor and systemic infections appears to be accepted largely. In dogs and cats M. pachydermatis has been regarded as cause of otitis externa and seborrhoeic dermatitis. But, due to geno- and phenotypic variabilities described for M. pachydermatis field isolates further investigations concerning the taxonomic uniformity of the species are necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Prominent animal mycoses from various regions of the world.

The mycoses selected for presentation in this section are relatively common diseases of companion animals or livestock in certain areas of the world. Malasseziosis is arguably the most frequent mycosis of dogs (as otitis externa and dermatitis) throughout the world, although its diagnosis is often overlooked. Protothecosis is also geographically widespread, particularly in cattle where severe mastitis is a result of adventitious infection from the environment. In contrast, coccidioidomycosis and pythiosis are geographically limited in their occurrence (coccidioidomycosis by geographic region and pythiosis by climate), but within regions where they do occur, their presence in animals is not unusual. It was our intention to review recent developments in each of these diseases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Audiometric evaluation of bilaterally fitted bone-anchored hearing aids.

Bilateral fittings of bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) were evaluated in 25 patients with at least 3 months experience with using two BAHAs. For all patients, air conduction hearing aids were contraindicated due to either recurrent otorrhoea or otitis externa (19 cases) or to congenital aural atresia (six cases). Candidacy for bilateral fitting was primarily based on symmetry of bone conduction thresholds. For all patients, measurements comprised sound localisation, speech recognition in quiet and in noise. In addition, in a subgroup of nine patients, release from masking for pure-tone stimuli in noise with interaural phase differences (binaural masking level difference. BMLD) was measured. The percentage of correct localisation judgments with 500-Hz and 2-kHz noise bursts increased significantly (p<0.01) from 22.2 per cent and 24.3 per cent for unilateral fittings to 41.8 per cent and 45.3 per cent for bilateral fittings, respectively. With unilateral fittings sound localisation judgments appeared to be strongly biased to the ipsilateral BAHA side. whereas with bilateral fittings, judgments were far more symmetrical. The speech reception threshold for sentences in quiet was significantly (p<0.01) better for the bilateral fittings compared to the unilateral fittings: 37.5 dBA versus 41.7 dBA. Speech recognition in noise was measured with the speech signal presented in front of the listener and a 65-dBA masking noise at either +90 degrees or -90 degrees azimuth. For noise presented at the ipsilateral side of the first fitted BAHA, the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly reduced (p<0.01) from -0.7 dB for the unilateral fitting to -4.0 dB for the bilateral fitting. The speech reception threshold in noise was not significantly different (p>0.05) for unilateral and bilateral fittings when the noise was presented at the contralateral side of the first fitted BAHA. The results for the six patients with congenital atresia are comparable with those for the other patients. So, directional hearing and speech recognition in noise improve significantly with a second BAHA. The BMLD measurements showed a significant (p<0.01) release from masking of 6.1, 6.0 and 6.6 dB for 125-Hz, 250-Hz and 500-Hz stimuli, respectively. The BMLD effect of 4.1 dB at 1,000 Hz was not significant at the 5 per cent level. The positive results with the bilateral fittings in quiet can be ascribed to increased stimulus levels due to diotic summation of signals from either side. The results for localisation, speech recognition in noise and BMLD measurements indicate that bilaterally fitted BAHAs do indeed (to some extent) result in binaural hearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ear diseases and hearing in the Thai elderly population. Part I. A comparative study of the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners vs ENT specialists.

The prevalence of ear disease and hearing disability in elderly Thais in 14 urban communities around Siriraj Hospital was studied. The accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of common ear diseases and of screening for hearing loss in the elderly between general practitioners (GP) and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialists was also compared. Elderly people aged 60 years or more who had registered with the health care program had their ear and hearing check-up performed by GPs and ENT specialists from mobile team. Altogether, 980 subjects were included, 332 were males, 648 were females, (male:female ratio 1:2). Their ages ranged from 60-96 years with an average age of 68.5 years. The prevalence of ear disease diagnosed by ENT specialists was 16.3 per cent (95% CI = 14.0-18.6), 12.5 per cent was external ear disease and 2.7 per cent middle ear disease. The most common ear problem was impacted ear wax (8%), the second most common problem was otitis externa (4.3%). Compared with an ENT specialist, the ability of a GP to diagnose ear diseases had a sensitivity of 46.5 per cent and a specificity of 80.3 per cent, the positive predictive value of their diagnoses was 31.5 per cent. The efficacy of the treatment of ear diseases in 51 elderly people by GPs and in 63 elderly people by ENT specialists was statistically significantly different (p = 0.02). Hearing screening by the GP using whisper or the watch test performed in 650 elderly people revealed abnormal findings (could not hear) in 70 cases or 10.8 per cent. Hearing screening using pure tone audiometry in 980 elderly people showed abnormal hearing level in 508 cases (52.4%). 9.5 per cent of them had a bilateral moderate to severe degree of hearing impairment. There was no difference in the level of hearing impairment between males and females or between right and left ears. The prevalence of hearing loss increases with increasing age. Tympanometry performed by an acoustic impedance machine in 980 of the elderly showed a conductive hearing loss in 85 cases (9.1%). The authors conclude that the prevalence of ear disease in elderly people living in the urban community around Siriraj Hospital is quite high. Although the ear diseases commonly encountered were not serious, if left untreated they may lead to complication and decreased hearing. Therefore, the proficiency of GPs in the management of common ear diseases in every community should be regularly maintained. Hearing impairment is very prevalent and increases with age. Thus, screening for hearing loss using an audiometer and/or acoustic impedance is recommended for all senior citizens in their community at least once a year. Early detection of elderly persons who could benefit from a properly fitted hearing aid will certainly improve the quality of life and may prevent psychiatric and functional impairment of the Thai elderly population.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification and treatment of loss of conductive hearing.

During the last decade numerous advances have been made in otolaryngology. The decade has also seen a number of modifications in diagnosis and therapeutic techniques. The most important advances were in the fields of otology and audiology. Therapeutically the treatment of deafness has seen the greatest advances. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound cannot reach the cochlea. The blockage may be due to abnormality in the canal, the eardrum or the osicles, including the footplate of the stapes. Lesions central to the footplate produce perceptive hearing loss.

Deafness↗
PubMed2003

Juvenile cellulitis in a puppy.

An 8-week-old, male Labrador retriever presented for acute onset of left hind limb lameness. This rapidly progressed to juvenile cellulitis, characterized by dermatitis of the face, otitis externa, regional lymphadenopathy, lethargy, and depression. The puppy made a full recovery on glucocorticoid therapy.

Animals↗