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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea.

In a sample of 25 adult male subjects with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, the interaction among craniofacial, airway, tongue, and hyoid variables was quantified by means of a canonical correlation analysis. One lateral cephalometric radiograph with the teeth in occlusion was obtained for each subject together with overnight polysomnographic measurements before the initiation of therapy. A principal component analysis reduced the data base and one significant canonical correlation (r1 = 0.994) was identified for the 22 variables. Sleep apnea subjects showed a posteriorly positioned maxilla and mandible, a steep occlusal plane, overerupted maxillary and mandibular teeth, proclined incisors, a steep mandibular plane, a large gonial angle, high upper and lower facial heights, and an anterior open bite in association with a long tongue and a posteriorly placed pharyngeal wall. A multivariate statistical analysis extracted clinically significant associations among craniofacial, tongue, and airway variables. Subjects with sleep apnea demonstrated several alterations in craniofacial form that may reduce the upper airway dimensions and subsequently impair upper airway stability.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of mandibular condylar position to dental occlusion factors in an asymptomatic population.

This article investigates the influence of occlusion on condylar position as seen on TMJ tomograms in a group of 44 young adults with no histories of orthodontic or occlusal therapy and no objective signs of masticatory dysfunction; the sample was screened from a population of 253 students. Nonconcentric condylar position at ICP was a feature of Class II malocclusion with significantly more anterior positions in Class II, Division 1 than in Class I. Condylar position was unrelated to the amount of sagittal RCP-ICP slide, although most slides were less than 0.5 mm. The frequency of lateral slides was low, but was mildly related to bilaterally asymmetric condylar positions. Position was unrelated to the degree of overbite, which ranged from 0 to 10 mm. Bilateral condylar position asymmetry was not related to the direction of dental midline discrepancy, which ranged from 0 to 2 mm. No open bites or mandibular overjets were seen in this asymptomatic normal sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An American Board of Orthodontics case report.

A case report of a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with an anterior open bite, severe overjet, and maxillary and mandibular arch length discrepancies, accompanied by a deficient mandible and high mandibular plane angle, is presented. The case was treated according to the standards of the American Board of Orthodontics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous superior repositioning of the maxilla and mandibular advancement. A report on stability.

Fifty-three patients who underwent simultaneous surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla and mandibular advancement were studied cephalometrically and clinically for at least 1 year after surgery (mean 2.4 years). The pattern of change for the maxilla and the percentage of patients who had 2 mm or more movement of landmarks were consistent with that observed following isolated superior repositioning of the maxilla. Although changes similar to those observed with isolated mandibular movement occurred, because the changes in the maxilla also affected the mandible, a greater percentage of patients experienced postsurgical movement of the mandible in this group than in those undergoing mandibular advancement alone. Clinically, satisfactory or better results were observed in 42 (79%) patients at their longest follow-up examination. The only significant variable associated with clinical outcome was the presence (presurgically) of an open bite (p less than 0.04) in 10 of 11 patients with poor clinical results. There was no statistically significant relationship between cephalometric stability and clinical outcome in this series of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dental and occlusal characteristics of children with neuromuscular disease.

Seventy-nine pediatric patients with neuromuscular diseases were examined for dental and occlusal characteristics. Fifty-six patients suffered from primary muscle disease (myopathies) including 43 with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. The neuromuscular disorders in 19 patients were of neuropathic origin, while four were caused by a fault in the neuromuscular junction. Posterior crossbites occurred more often in the myopathies (57%) as compared with the neurogenic dystrophies (14%) (P less than 0.003). Although not statistically significant, the prevalence of open bite was also higher in the combined myopathies (21%) as compared with neurogenic disorders (9%). The Duchenne patients exhibited a statistically significant delay in dental emergence (1.06 years), unlike the other myopathies (0.31 years) and the neurogenic disorders groups (-0.03 years). This study emphasizes the influence of muscular environment on dental development in general. The dentition may be more affected in muscular dystrophies stemming from degenerative or inflammatory muscle damage than in those originating from nerve malfunction or disorder of the neuromuscular junction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An American Board of Orthodontics case report.

A case report is presented of an Angle Class I dental malocclusion, significant bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, anterior open bite, and spacing of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. [This case was presented to the American Board of Orthodontics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the certification process conducted by the Board.]

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Veterinary orthodontics.

Orthodontic correction for dogs in both practical and beneficial. We have treated several dogs in our practice and have developed a manageable, fully fixed technique for solving various malocclusions. The case presented herein was a pseudo Class III malocclusion with all incisors in crossbite and an anterior open bite.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Facial morphology and malocclusions.

The aim of this study was to determine whether sagittal and vertical aberrations in intermaxillary incisal tooth and jaw relationships were reflected in facial morphology. One hundred seventy-two children (79 girls and 93 boys), 12 to 14 years of age, were selected from the Orthodontic Department, University of Giessen. Pretreatment profile and frontal facial photographs as well as profile roentgenograms in centric occlusion for each child were made. The method consisted of (1) a personal appraisal of the existing incisal tooth and jaw relationship by visual inspection of facial photographs, (2) a validity assessment of these personal appraisals, and (3) a comparison of linear and angular measurements made from facial photographs and from lateral headfilms. The result of this investigation revealed that a large overjet and a Class II, Division 2 incisal tooth relationship were most often reflected in the face. A Class III incisal tooth relationship and an open bite, however, were difficult to detect. Sagittal maxillary and mandibular positions could only occasionally be determined on the basis of facial appearance, while a Class II jaw base relationship (large ANB angle) could easily be seen. The vertical jaw relationship (mandibular plane angle and anterior facial height index) could be determined with relatively high precision. When the measurements from the facial photographs were compared with those from the lateral headfilms, moderate to high correlations were found between skeletal and soft tissue readings: ANB angle (r = +0.63), mandibular plane angle (r = +0.93), and anterior facial height index (r = +0.86). It was concluded that sagittal and vertical dental and skeletal intermaxillary malrelationships were only partly reflected in the face.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Condylar osteochondroma manifesting as Class III skeletal dysplasia: diagnosis and surgical approach.

This is a case report of a 21-year-old man who had a gradually progressive Class III malocclusion and crepitation of the right temporomandibular joint. Routine TMJ tomograms revealed a radiopaque-radiolucent lesion of the right mandibular condyle with a compensatory anteroinferior displacement of the left mandibular condyle. Nuclear bone scans confirmed increased asymmetric technetium 99 tracer uptake in the region of the right temporomandibular joint. A two-stage surgical approach was undertaken; this consisted of excision of the condylar lesion to correct the Class III malocclusion and posterior crossbite and a LeFort I osteotomy to correct the slight transverse maxillary cant and anterior open bite. A histopathologic diagnosis confirmed osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparisons of postsurgical stability of the LeFort I maxillary impaction and maxillary advancement.

The purpose of this study was to determine retrospectively the stability of the LeFort I osteotomy after a one-piece maxillary impaction or advancement. Cephalograms of 31 patients were evaluated before surgery, immediately after surgery, in fixation, and after fixation. Descriptive statistics for the absolute and the relative changes of the various linear and angular parameters were calculated for the different stages. The analysis of variance general linear models procedure was used to compare the impaction group (n = 23) with the advancement group (n = 8). The findings indicated that the two groups could be studied independent of age, sex, surgeon, the presence of pretreatment open bite, and the length of the postsurgical fixation. The findings further indicated the presence of significant differences in the postsurgical changes between the maxillary impaction and the maxillary advancement groups. As an example, during fixation, the maxilla moved superiorly more at point A in the advancement group (mean = 1.89 mm) than in the impaction group (mean = 0.67 mm). The upper incisor movements showed a similar pattern, moving more superiorly for the advancement group (mean = 2.30 mm) than for the impaction group (mean = 0.96 mm). Therefore care should be taken to avoid "burying" the incisors beneath the lip in patients undergoing maxillary advancement, who have minimal exposure of the maxillary incisors before surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A tensor analysis to evaluate the effect of high-pull headgear on Class II malocclusions.

The inaccuracies inherent in cephalometric analysis of treatment effects are well known. The objective of this article is to present a more reliable research tool in the analysis of cephalometric data. Bookstein introduced a dilation function by means of a homogeneous deformation tensor as a method of describing changes in cephalometric data. His article gave an analytic description of the deformation tensor that permits the rapid and highly accurate calculation of it on a desktop computer. The first part of this article describes the underlying ideas and mathematics. The second part uses the tensor analysis to analyze the cephalometric results of a group of patients treated with high-pull activator (HPA) to demonstrate the application of this research tool. Eight patients with Class II skeletal open bite malocclusions in the mixed dentition were treated with HPA. A control sample consisting of eight untreated children with Class II who were obtained from The Ohio State University Growth Study was used as a comparison group. Lateral cephalograms taken before and at the completion of treatment were traced, digitized, and analyzed with the conventional method and tensor analysis. The results showed that HPA had little or no effect on maxillary skeletal structures. However, reduction in growth rate was found with the skeletal triangle S-N-A, indicating a posterior tipping and torquing of the maxillary incisors. The treatment also induced additional deformation on the mandible in a downward and slightly forward direction. Together with the results from the conventional cephalometric analysis, HPA seemed to provide the vertical and rotational control of the maxilla during orthopedic Class II treatment by inhibiting the downward and forward eruptive path of the upper posterior teeth. The newly designed computer software permits rapid analysis of cephalometric data with the tensor analysis on a desktop computer. This tool may be useful in analyzing growth changes for research data.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2006

Morphological and clinical considerations of first and second permanent molar eruption disorders.

Tooth eruption is a complex biological process which starts from the site of development in the jaw bone until the teeth reach their final functional position in the chewing plane. Various factors can disturb this process. Besides mechanical obstacles on the eruption path, a pathological position or axial orientation of the tooth germ, morphological aberrations of the tooth or pathological alterations of the periodontium, primary disorders of the eruption mechanism may lead to complete or partial retention of the tooth in the jaw bone. These morphological features bear upon the prognosis of orthodontic correction which is dependent upon the underlying cause. First and second molars are rarely affected by eruption disorders, with a prevalence of 0.01 to 0.08 per cent, however, marked consequences for function such as posterior open bite or elongation of the antagonists may result. Following an overview of pathogenetic factors of tooth eruption disorders, selected cases of impacted first and second permanent molars are presented with respect to their morphological causes.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Nonnutritive sucking habits in Brazilian children: effects on deciduous dentition and relationship with facial morphology.

This study assessed the relationship between nonnutritive sucking habits, facial morphology, and malocclusion in 3 planes of space (transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior) in 330 Brazilian children (4 years of age) attending state schools in the city of Recife, Brazil. The data were collected by interviews with the children's mothers or minders and by clinical examinations carried out by a calibrated examiner (kappa = 1). The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis were used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of malocclusion in the sample was 49.7%, according to occlusal classification, and 28.5% of the children had 2 or 3 factors contributing to their malocclusion. Posterior crossbite was detected in 12.1%, anterior open bite in 36.4%, and increased overjet in 29.7%. A significant association was found between malocclusion and sucking habits (P <.001). Most of the children had a high facial skeletal pattern, although no association was found between facial morphology and malocclusion. The results draw attention to the magnitude of the problem in childhood and emphasize the need for longitudinal studies to support clinical practice guidelines for the target population.

Brazil↗
PubMed2005

Siblings with spaced arches treated with and without partial glossectomy.

Macroglossia, or enlarged tongue, is thought to be an etiological factor in open bite, bimaxillary protrusion, and dental arch spacing, and it might cause instability after orthodontic treatment. Partial glossectomy to reduce tongue size might be a useful method of solving these problems. In this report, we describe orthodontic treatment of 2 siblings with enlarged tongues and arch-space problems. The sister, whose tongue was larger and spacing problem more severe, was treated with a partial glossectomy; her brother refused surgery and was treated with a tongue-crib appliance. Stability after orthodontic treatment was evaluated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Occlusal perceptions of children seeking orthodontic treatment: impact of ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

INTRODUCTION: With the growth of orthodontic intervention at younger ages and increased interest in improving dentofacial appearance among the general public, it is important to assess whether demand for treatment is uniform across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. METHODS: This study compared 3 groups of children who varied by location, payment source, and ethnicity. The sample consisted of 150 children in the Bronx, NY, and 100 in Seattle, Wash, who were undergoing or anticipating orthodontic treatment in publicly funded dental clinics. Ethnic minorities comprised 69% and 92%, respectively, of these groups. The third group consisted of 84 children in Seattle, Anchorage (Alaska), and Chicago who had sought treatment by private practitioners; ethnic minorities comprised 22% of this group. Data were collected from children and parents or guardians by questionnaires. RESULTS: Desire for treatment was higher among children in the publicly funded clinics and among black children than whites or Asian Americans. Children in publicly funded clinics rated themselves as having worse occlusions as determined by anterior crowding, overbite, overjet, diastema, and open bite. Children in the Bronx clinic accepted a wider range of occlusion as attractive. Stage of treatment affected judgments of attractiveness. Vicarious experience with orthodontics through parents or siblings made children more tolerant of dentofacial disharmony, with more favorable ratings of malocclusion in this group than among children who had no family experience with orthodontics. Hispanic and mixed-ethnicity children rated themselves more negatively on all dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both socioeconomic status and ethnicity play roles in children's desire for treatment, self-assessed need, and judgments of esthetics. A clinician's sensitivity to such differences can improve patient cooperation with treatment.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Changes in the prevalence of nonnutritive sucking patterns in the first 8 years of life.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of the study were to determine prospectively the duration of nonnutritive sucking behaviors of children between 1 and 8 years of age and the effect of persistent habits on selected occlusal characteristics in the late deciduous dentition. METHODS: Sucking behavior data were initially collected from 797 children who were followed longitudinally from birth; the data came from periodic questionnaires completed by the parents. In addition, study models were obtained for 372 children at 4 to 5 years of age and assessed for posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and overjet. The subjects were grouped according to the duration and type of habit (pacifier or digit, for less than 12 months or more than 48 months). Children with nonnutritive sucking of less than 12 months were further grouped according to the duration of breast-feeding. The McNemar nonparametric test was used to compare the changes in the incidence and effect of the habits with time. RESULTS: There was a significant (P = .001) decrease in the incidence of pacifier habits between 1 and 5 years of age, from 40% to 1%. There was a significant (P = .01) decrease in the incidence of digit habits between 1 and 4 years of age, from 31% to 12%. Between 4 and 7 years of age, the decrease in the incidence reached a plateau--ie, the decrease continued but at a slower rate. Between 7 and 8 years of age, there was an additional significant (P = .008) decrease in the incidence of digit habits, but 4% of the children were, to various extents, still sucking fingers. Children who had pacifier or digit habits lasting less than 12 months did not have significantly different occlusal characteristics than children who were breast-fed for 6 to 12 months. Prolonged pacifier and digit habits caused significant changes in the occlusal characteristics in the late deciduous dentition, and the effects of pacifier habits were different from those of digit sucking. CONCLUSIONS: To intercept the development of crossbites and functional shifts, the developing occlusion should be observed in the deciduous dentition in children with prolonged digit or pacifier habits. The transverse occlusal relationship, particularly in pacifier-sucking children, should be evaluated between 2 and 3 years of age. If there are interfering contacts of the deciduous canines, the parents should be instructed to reduce pacifier-sucking time, and appropriate treatment should be rendered, if required.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Intraoral distraction osteogenesis to lengthen the ascending ramus. Experience with seven patients.

Seven children with facial asymmetry, mean age 12 years (range 11-14.5) were treated by intraoral distraction osteogenesis to lengthen the hypoplastic ramus. We achieved a mean increase in length of the ramus of 13mm (range 10-16). In only one patient did we achieve a posterior open bite on the distraction side. All patients ended with a symmetrical chin. It was helpful to place an orthodontic bite block on the opposite side either preoperatively or postoperatively to cant the plane of occlusion. The duration of follow-up was too short to allow conclusions to be drawn about the future requirement for bimaxillary osteotomies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Reconstruction of mandibular condyle by transport distraction osteogenesis: Experimental study in rhesus monkey.

PURPOSE: This study investigated histomorphologic changes in the newly formed condyle reconstructed by transport distraction osteogenesis through a nonhuman primate model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six adult rhesus monkeys were used in this study. Bilateral condyles and articular discs were extirpated, and the technique of transport distraction osteogenesis was carried out to reconstruct the condyles. X-ray and 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scanning films were taken at various intervals. Two monkeys were killed respectively at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after completion of distraction; the transport segments and the distracted calluses were harvested and processed for histologic examination. The original condyles removed at surgery served as normal control. RESULTS: Open bite was seen in all animals postoperatively and diminished at the end of distraction. Bone regeneration was perfect in the distraction gap between the transport disc and the pre-existing mandible. The bony transport disc gradually remodeled to a neocondyle that was similar to the original condyle in the appearances and structures. The head of neocondyle was covered with a fibrous cap, which might play the role of an articular disc. CONCLUSION: A neocondyle with functional shape can be created by transport distraction osteogenesis. This suggests that this technique is an alternative method for reconstruction of the mandibular condyle.

Animals↗