Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Odontoid Process”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteosynthesis of the dens axis fracture].

Fractures of the dens axis are very rare and their treatment has always been conservative. But in many fractures, principally in those of the fracture type II, a pseudarthrosis develops. The instability, which results from this pseudarthrosis is a dangerous situation, that can be responsible for late neurological complications such as quadriplegia or sudden death, even years after the primary accident. A series of 5 patients with a fracture of the dens axis, which are stabilized by a direct screw osteosynthesis, is presented. The operation technique is discussed in detail. The results of the technique are compared with other series in the recent literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal craniovertebral junction.

Sagittal magnetic resonance images of the normal craniovertebral junction in 25 patients were examined for visualization of bony, synovial, and ligamentous structures. The excellent delineation of soft tissue by magnetic resonance imaging enabled recognition of the joint space between the dens and anterior arch of C1 in 14 out of 25 patients. High-signal-intensity tissue was noted immediately superior to the dens in all patients; an anatomic specimen confirmed the fibrofatty nature of this tissue. The medullary space of the dens had lower signal intensity than did the marrow in the body of C2 in more than one half of the cases. Additional thin-section images suggested that this was a partial-volume artifact. Understanding of the normal appearances of structures in this region is necessary to assess correctly the presence or absence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Orthopedic problems of the upper cervical spine in children and adolescents].

Because of relatively low frequency of pathological changes of the upper cervical spine in childhood and adolescence, their management is not well known. Diagnostic problems occur due to the variety of malformations possible, persisting growth plates and ligamentous laxity. Because of this laxity, conservative treatment with immobilization is advocated even in severe dislocations as long as they are reducible. Persistent dislocations, chronic atlantoaxial instability (ADI greater than 5 mm), dens fractures type II and existing or progressing neurological deficits all indicate surgical intervention. Internal fixation allows easier postoperative care. Complications are rare. Patients with orthopedic problems of the upper cervical spine are presented, together with their management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Ventral approaches to the upper cervical spine].

The transoral approach to the upper cervical spine and the respective neuraxis has been recognized for almost 100 years, but it is still not in common use. Based on over 200 operations on patients with a variety of lesions and an age range from 2 1/2 to 83 years, we outline the pathological mechanism, surgical anatomy, indications for surgery, preoperative investigations, variations and extensions of the transoral approach to the upper cervical spine, neuraxis and skull base. The most common post-traumatic lesions and the most frequent tumors are discussed and the recommended surgical approach is described. Surgical techniques, possible complications and their management, as well as postoperative care, are listed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Ventral direct screw fixation in dens fractures].

Direct anterior screw fixation of odontoid fractures is indicated in type II and occasionally type III fractures according to the Anderson and d'Alonzo classification. This fracture treatment follows the generally accepted concepts of surgical treatment of limb fractures. It is direct osteosynthesis of a fracture by screw fixation with interfragmentary compression and differs fundamentally from all other treatment methods in spinal fractures, where the treatment is combined with fusion and definite immobilization of a motion segment. The iatrogenic trauma is minimal by using an anterior surgical approach and no supplemental bone grafting is required. The postoperative care is very simple, and the fusionless fracture fixation has a better functional outcome. With the introduction of cannulated screws, which can be inserted over K-wires, the surgical procedure has been further simplified and minimizes the peroperative risks. After initial complications in the first series of 17 patients, the most recent 15 cases were without complications. This stresses the fact that this surgical procedure should only be done by spine surgeons who are familiar with the upper cervical spine and osteosynthesis techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[External fixation in the treatment of cervical fractures].

A report is given on the application of external fixateurs for the treatment of complicated fractures of the cervical vertebral column and fractures of the dens. Basic principles of application and construction are represented. The effectiveness of the method if an intraspinal space occupation is excluded is proved by means of X-ray pictures.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1990

[Craniocervical amyloid tumor with destructive spondyloarthropathy and myelocompression as a rare complication of long-term dialysis].

Dialysis-associated amyloidosis has become a frequent and sometimes disabling complication in long-term dialysis patients. The main protein implicated in amyloidosis is beta 2 microglobulin, which accumulates in patients with renal insufficiency. We report on a 47-year-old patient, who was on haemodialysis treatment for 17 years. After a period of 15 years on dialysis treatment he underwent surgery for a carpal tunnel syndrome. Two years later he developed destructive spondyloarthropathy of the cervical region and destruction of the occipital bone. He lost stability of his neck necessitating his remaining mainly in the lying position. Since the type of dialysis membrane may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dialysis-associated amyloidosis, a dialysator with a polysulfone membrane, which is assume to have a beneficial effect on the progression of amyloidosis, was established.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1990

Atlanto-axial instability secondary to solitary eosinophilic granuloma of C2 in a 12-year-old girl.

Involvement of the axis by solitary eosinophilic granuloma is rare. We report a 12-year-old girl who presented with a unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of C2 that resulted in a pathologic fracture and atlanto-axial subluxation. She had no other skeletal or systemic manifestations of histiocytosis X. She was successfully treated with posterior spinal fusion and transoral excisional biopsy. Because solitary lesions may mimic malignant tumors, biopsy is advised in atypical cases. The prognosis for solitary eosinophilic granuloma is almost always favorable in terms of symptomatic improvement and restoration of vertebral height.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1990

[Sudden hearing loss and the cranio-cervical junction].

Morphological alterations of the craniocervical junction as basilar impressions, a ponticulus posterior, an atlas assimilation, an intervertebral narrowing and spondylosis deformans, were found radiologically in patients with sudden hearing loss. There were no radiological differences to a healthy population. No relationship could be established between static morphological changes of the craniocervical junction of the upper cervical spine and the sudden hearing loss. However, there was a statistically significant reduction of the mobility in the upper cervical spine in patients suffering from sudden hearing loss. Very high standard deviations in the atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-odontoid joints are interpreted as hyper- as well as hypomobile joints. These results indicate a possible correlation between sudden hearing loss and a functional pathology of the craniocervical junction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Atlantoaxial anomalies with particular emphasis on os odontoideum.

Anomalies of the atlantoaxial articulation are discussed with emphasis on os odontoideum. Normal and abnormal embryological and anatomical characteristics are described, as is their relevance upon stability of the upper cervical segments. This paper further discusses and reviews theories pertaining to the congenital and acquired forms of os odontoideum and a case report is presented. Some conclusions are drawn from the presented case report.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Os odontoideum.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Our experience in occipito-cervical fusion.

Occipito-cervical fusion for congenital and post-traumatic anomalies of the axis was used to treat 5 patients; the results obtained are analyzed. The authors also discuss the advantages of using autoplastic bone graft which remains stable in time, without creating disabling sequelae in the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The differential diagnosis of isolated ossicles in the region of the dens axis.

2 osteological specimens of the atlanto-occipital region with accessory ossicles sitting on the dens axis are described. Considering the anatomical and radiological literature, the differential diagnosis of isolated accessory ossicles in the region of the dens axis is discussed (e.g. os odontoideum, ossiculum terminale BERGMANN persistens, ossifications of the ligamentous apparatus).

Aged↗