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PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of occupational injuries and the health status of workers].

INTRODUCTION: Occupational injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of occupational injuries and health status of workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examined group consisted of 3,750 workers with health disorders. The control group included 1,800 healthy workers. Both groups were similar in terms of many factors that could contribute to the occurrence of occupational injuries. The injury rates were calculated in both groups. RESULTS: Workers with psychomotor and sensorimotor disorders, neuroses, obstructive sleep apnea, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hearing, vascular and sight impairments have been frequently injured compared to workers with other diseases. DISCUSSION: Due to the belief that accidents and occupational injuries are preventable, it is an imperative to study those factors which are likely to contribute to occurrence of accidents. The contributing factors could be the physical and mental state of workers. CONCLUSION: Occupational injuries are significantly more common in the examined group than in controls.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[A study on perceived family support and anxiety in hemiplegic patients].

The purposes of this study were to identify causal factors of Anxiety and to analyze correlation between perceived family support and anxiety in hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 88 hospitalized hemiplegic patients at Kyung-Hee Oriental medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with questionnaire from Jan. 15 to Mar. 31, 1990. The measurement tools used by this researcher were Kang's family support scale, Spielberger's trait anxiety scale and the other anxiety scale which was developed by this researcher, approved it's reliability and validity. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and the hypothesis was tested by pearson correlation, partial correlation. The results of the study were as follow. 1) The analysis of causal factor of anxiety higher anxiety these three cases; (1) 1st causal factor was the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs (2.42 +/- 1.27). (2) 2nd causal factor was the dysfunction of physical ability (2.30 +/- 1.29). (3) 3rd causal factor was difficulty for walking (2.30 +/- 0.83) and the anxiety level (2.02 +/- 0.83) of physical factor was the highest level than any other factors. 2) The hypothesis that the more perceived family support level is the less anxiety level of patient was supported (r = -.29, p = .003). 3) The analysis of the general characteristics exerting influences on anxiety level patients; (sex, age, marital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalization, side of paralysis). In this analysis, any factor has not a statistical significance. (p greater than .05). 4) The analysis of the relationship about effective factors of family support level by the general characteristics of patient (sex, age, marital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalization, side of paralysis). In this analysis, there was significant difference on perceived family support between married and bereaved patients (t = -2.68, p = .009). As a result of this study, anxiety level of physical factor was higher than any other factors (psychological factor, social factor) and the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs is the largest causal factor of anxiety of physical factor. Meanwhile, the relationship between the degree of family support and the level of anxiety was negatively correlated but the degree of relationship was low. Therefore, one can infer from this study that sufficient information about recovery of physical problems and family support were effective in preventing and reducing anxiety in hemiplegic patient.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1998

Inequalities in the transition of ischaemic heart disease mortality in New South Wales, Australia, 1969-1994.

This paper examines changes in ischaemic heart disease mortality in New South Wales between 1969 and 1994, with particular reference to the 1969-1973, 1979-1983, 1985-1989 and 1990-1994 periods. Using death certificate data and unit list mortality files, and considering occupational differentials among males, and marital status and regional and intra-metropolitan variations among males and females, the question whether changes in differentials in mortality from heart disease occurred during this mortality transition is asked. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease declined in all marital status and occupational status groups, and in all geographical areas, but it declined more slowly among never married and divorced males, among manual workers, and in lower income areas. Whereas ischaemic heart disease mortality was lower in most rural areas than in metropolitan Sydney at the beginning of the period, in the 1990s it was significantly more elevated in inland small towns and rural areas than in the metropolis. Differentials increased over time, more especially with males.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of socio-economic and behavioural characteristics in explaining central obesity--a study on adult Asian Indians in Calcutta, India.

The present cross-sectional study on adult Asian Indians in Calcutta, India was undertaken to look into the effects of socio-economic and behavioural characteristics in explaining waist-hip ratio (WHR). A total of 500 apparently healthy individuals (300 men and 200 women) were subjects in the study. A random sampling procedure using local voter's registration list was followed to select the subjects. Only one adult (> or = 30 years) from each household was considered as participant. A total of 24 items, 14 socio-economic and 10 behavioural characters were considered. For socio-economic characters, a number of items namely employment status, types of occupation, education status, nature of housing and marital status were taken into consideration. Smoking status, physical exercise by means of outdoor activity, drinking habits and diets on the other hand were considered as behavioural characters. Information on socio-economic and behavioural characteristics was collected using an open-ended schedule specifically designed in this regard. Anthropometric measures namely height, weight and circumference of waist and hip were obtained from participants using standard techniques. The median WHR for men and women was 0.94 and 0.90 respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant sex difference for all anthropometric measures. It was observed that more women were leading sedentary (outdoor activity not housework was considered) life than men (85.4% vs. 75.4%). Furthermore, women were predominantly nonsmokers (98.8%) whereas 40.2% men were smokers as against 51.4% ex-smokers (those who have quitted smoking during past two years). Multiple regression analysis (adjusted for age and sex) of WHR by socio-economic and behavioural characters revealed that occupation, housing, marital status, smoking condition, physical exercise, drinking habits and diets pattern cumulatively explains 75% (R2=0.75) of total variation of WHR in the study population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: the National Longitudinal Mortality Study.

OBJECTIVES: A large US sample was used to estimate the effects of race, employment status, income, education, occupation, marital status, and household size on mortality. METHODS: Approximately 530,000 persons 25 years of age or more were identified from selected Current Population Surveys between 1979 and 1985. These individuals were followed for mortality through use of the National Death Index for the years 1979 through 1989. RESULTS: Higher mortality was found in Blacks than in Whites less than 65 years of age; in persons not in the labor force, with lower incomes, with less education, and in service and other lower level occupations; and in persons not married and living alone. With occasional exceptions, in specific sex and age groups, these relationships were reduced but remained strong and statistically significant when each variable was adjusted for all of the other characteristics. The relationships were generally weaker in individuals 65 years of age or more. CONCLUSIONS: Employment status, income, education, occupation, race, and marital status have substantial net associations with mortality. This study identified segments of the population in need of public health attention and demonstrated the importance of including these variables in morbidity and mortality studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Marital status and bed occupancy in health and social care facilities in the United Kingdom.

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that marriage and physical health are positively related.A secondary analysis was performed of census data on all individuals aged 15 y and over occupying beds in general health and social care facilities (excluding mental health) in England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland in 1971, 1981 and 1991. Using bed occupancy in health and social care facilities as a proxy for ill health, this paper investigates the relationship between marital status and physical health in the United Kingdom. The findings, expressed as the proportion of individuals (excluding staff and visitors) aged 15 y and over within these facilities, suggest that: a) Whether considered separately or together, married men and women are healthier than non-married men and women, as reflected in their much lower use of health and social care beds; b) This positive relationship between marriage and health has increased steadily since the 1970s; c) Within the non-married population, whereas the single are most at risk among men, the widowed are most at risk among women; d) In contrast to the married and widowed, there are some consistent age-specific gender differences among the divorced and single, with men of working age at much higher risk than women of working age. This study confirms research findings elsewhere that marriage and physical health are positively related. Throughout the United Kingdom, not only are married people healthier than non-married people, as reflected in their much lower use of health and social care beds, but this relationship holds irrespective of gender.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Health status of personnel occupationally exposed to radiowaves.

The findings of medical examinations performed in two groups of persons occupationally exposed to microwaves and radiofrequency radiation are presented in comparison with control findings. A group of 49 radar operators from the Zagreb Air Traffic Control was examined twice within a period of 18 months. The other group comprised 46 workers employed in radio relay stations. The control group were 46 workers from the Zagreb Airport. A follow-up study showed significant changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, in electrical brain activity and in capillaroscopic and ophthalmological findings in the group of radar operators within the followed period. For that group a cross-sectional study of the differences in general health status also showed the highest rate of changes. The results indicate that long-term occupational exposure to microwaves and radiofrequencies may damage sensitive organic systems.

Health Status↗
PubMed1992

Educational, occupational, and insurance status of childhood cancer survivors in their fourth and fifth decades of life.

PURPOSE: Survivors of childhood cancer who are now greater than or equal to 30 years of age are available for study in significant numbers for the first time. An evaluation of their educational achievement, current employment status, frequency of problems in the work-place, and ability to obtain affordable health and life insurance was the aim of this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a case-control study of 219 childhood cancer survivors with individually matched controls from two tertiary-care pediatric centers. Telephone interviews were used and drew on a 356-item basic instrument for both subjects and controls. Medical (including intensity of therapy), marital, and psychosocial areas were included in the survey, but statistical comparisons concentrated on educational and economic issues. RESULTS: The overall current status of survivors and controls in the relevant areas, ie, education, employment, and insurance, was similar. A history of employment discrimination for entry into the uniformed services and in other special situations, and life insurance discrimination during the initial years after the completion of therapy was noted. Survivors experienced few problems in the work-place. Survivors of CNS tumors were unique, with problems in many of the areas studied, although there were notable individual exceptions. CONCLUSION: With the exception of those individuals with CNS tumor histories, survivors who were treated in the era of 1945 to 1975 had few economic sequelae of cancer or its therapy that extended beyond the first decades after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of gallstone disease in a Swedish population sample. Relations to occupation, childbirth, health status, life style, medications, and blood lipids.

BACKGROUND: There are only a few Swedish studies on the prevalence of gallstone disease in selected age groups, and none including possible risk factors. METHODS: Of a population sample of 1200 individuals (age, 35-85 years), 857 participated in the study. The study subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire about potential risk factors (occupation, childbirth, life style, and so forth), symptoms, and quality of life. Cholecystectomy had previously been done in 115 subjects, leaving 742 for ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. RESULTS: The prevalence of gallstone disease increased with age, and at 75 years or more, 53% of the women and 32% of the men either had gallstones or had previously undergone cholecystectomy (32% and 13%, respectively). When comparing subjects with and without gallstones, there were no differences with regard to any variable, including blood lipid levels. The odds ratio of previous cholecystectomy was increased in subjects with an occupation requiring no specific education and reduced in subjects using wine or spirits every week. The odds ratio of abdominal pain was increased after previous cholecystectomy. Women in this group also experienced a lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The age and sex distribution of gallstone disease was in the order of the magnitude seen in other Scandinavian countries. None of the studied variables differed between subjects with and without gallstones. Subjects previously operated on with cholecystectomy did worse with regard to symptoms and quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The occupational and environmental status of Polish industry: a comparative study of the private and public sectors.

During the last decade, Poland has made a successful transition toward democracy and market economy. Since the mid-1990s, we have studied the reforms in the environmental and occupational protection system in Poland, focusing on the privately owned firms. We found that considerable progress has taken place, especially in increasing the accountability of private employers and in improved enforcement. The fundamental legitimacy of regulators and the regulatory process, and the capacity for case-specific decision-making, are among the key explanatory factors. The case-specific implementation in Poland is consistent with models advocated by several authors in relation to other industrialized European economies. We attribute these developments in Poland to the continuity of institutions, and the generally good "fit" between the policies and institutions on one hand, and their social context on the other, including a wide sharing of certain values and norms. The outstanding question from our previous work has been the fate of state-owned firms, which may be facing different issues than the privatized ones, both in terms of economics, organizational culture, and relationships with the regulatory authorities. In this article, we report the results of a comparison between the private and state-owned firms, based on the questionnaire surveys of the two sectors. We find a striking similarity in performance of both sectors and in the authorities' attitudes toward both. These findings support our earlier proposition that Poland's success in instituting an effective occupational protection system is deeply embedded in the attitudes toward protecting workers' health and safety and toward balancing competing societal objectives. These attitudes have not changed during the transition to the market economy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

The impact of long-term therapy by a multidisciplinary team on the education, occupation and marital status of growth hormone deficient patients after termination of therapy.

Forty-two GH deficient patients (14 isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), 28 multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD), 23 males and 19 females) were evaluated after termination of hGH therapy and achievement of final height. IGHD patients were found to score higher in intelligence quotients (IQ) than the MPHD patients. The educational and occupational achievements of all patients positively correlated with their IQ level. Three patients achieved only elementary education, 26 completed high school and 13 had higher education. Thirty patients who had completed their education were employed, whereas 12 continued to study. Seventeen of the male patients and five females served in the Army. Eight patients were married and half of the single patients reported having a stable relationship with the opposite sex. The hypopituitary patients did not differ in five out of seven subscales of the human services rehabilitation scale when compared to a normal control group. These results which vary from those previously reported demonstrate the importance of long-term psychosocial counselling initiated at the time of diagnosis as part of the therapeutic approach in hypopituitary patients.

Educational Status↗
PubMed2004

The unusually stable quaternary structure of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 is controlled by both metal occupancy and disulfide status.

The eukaryotic copper,zinc superoxide dismutases are remarkably stable dimeric proteins that maintain an intrasubunit disulfide bond in the reducing environment of the cytosol and are active under a variety of stringent denaturing conditions. The structural interplay of conserved disulfide bond and metal-site occupancy in human copper,zinc superoxide dismutase (hSOD1) is of increasing interest as these post-translational modifications are known to dramatically alter the catalytic chemistry, the subcellular localization, and the susceptibility of the protein to aggregation. Using biophysical methods, we find no significant change in the gross secondary or tertiary structure of the demetallated form upon reduction of the disulfide. Interestingly, reduction does lead to a dramatic change in the quaternary structure, decreasing the monomer-to-dimer equilibrium constant by at least four orders of magnitude. This reduced form of hSOD1 is monomeric, even at concentrations well above the physiological range. Either the addition of Zn(II) or the formation of the disulfide leads to a shift in equilibrium that favors the dimeric species, even at low protein concentrations (i.e. micromolar range). We conclude that only the most immature form of hSOD1, i.e. one without any post-translational modifications, favors the monomeric state under physiological conditions. This finding provides a basis for understanding the selectivity of mitochondrial SOD1 import and may be relevant to the toxic properties of mutant forms of hSOD1 that can cause the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ergonomic study of neuropsychic impairment in relation to health status in printing occupations].

The exertion and risk factors in relation with the state of health, with the psychophysiological reactivity and with the adaptation and fatigue symptomatology were studied by means of complex psychological, psychophysiological, medical) methods in two professional groups that perform an activity implying important mental and sensorial components: monotasterers and correctors, from three polygraphic enterprises and two publishing houses, totalling 167 subjects (74 monotasterers and 93 correctors). The ergonomic work analysis demonstrated that the exertion and risk factors are conditioned both by the contents of work and by the working environment. The occupational exertion is more complex in monotasterers (mental, sensorial and physical) and predominantly sensorial (visual) in correctors. The work hazards are especially brought about by overstraining of the attention and of the visual analyser, with consequences both on the health of workers and on the quality of production. The investigation of the state of health, of the psychophysiological reactivity, as well as of the adaptation and fatigue symptomatology has detected maladjustment and fatigue phenomena, with impairments of the psychosomatic balance, more marked in monotasterers. The suggestions regarding improvement measures were directed both towards aspects of medico-psychological prophylaxis and elements of corrective ergonomics.

Ergonomics↗