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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Effects of orthodontic treatment on individual caries risk parameters].

Systemic and microbiological caries risk factors were assessed in 49 children and adolescents, age 11-14. The subjects were divided into three groups with similar age profiles. At the time of investigation members of test group 1 (n = 19) were receiving orthodontic therapy with removable appliances. Members of test group 2 (n = 15) were treated with fixed appliances and the control group (n = 15) had not been subjected to any kind of orthodontic treatment at all. The results demonstrate, that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances harbor significantly more salivary S. mutans and therefore are at a higher microbiological risk to develop caries than patients being treated with removable appliances or individuals receiving no orthodontic treatment at all.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Dental characteristics and orthodontic treatment need of the Dutch adult population].

In this article the results are presented of a nationwide representative study of dental anomalies in the group of 15-74 years Dutchmen. Also the subjective and objective need of orthodontic treatment in the age group 15-34 years is described. The principal findings are: of the 15-19 years olds, 27% is treated with orthodontic appliance; general practitioners performed 45% of these orthodontic treatments; --unsatisfied with the position of the front teeth is 25% of the 15-34 year old; an objective need for treatment is found in 39% of this age group; in 14% there is both an objective and a subjective need for treatment; both the subjective and objective need of orthodontic treatment is greater in the group of persons who were treated in the past than in the group of persons who never were treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The orthodontic condition and treatment status of a sample of 14-year-old children in North Derbyshire.

In conjunction with a survey of the general dental health of 14-year-old children in North Derbyshire, an investigation was undertaken into their orthodontic condition and treatment status. It was found that approximately 60 per cent of children had not already received and were not scheduled for orthodontic treatment, but that many of these had abnormalities warranting orthodontic intervention. Girls were more likely than boys to receive orthodontic treatment, but children of socio-economic classes 1, 2 and 3N were not significantly more likely to receive treatment than were children of socio-economic classes 3M, 4 and 5.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Tensile bond strength of orthodontic resins on the human tooth surface.

Composite resin has been used in the field of orthodontics for more than twenty years. Although there have been many studies and discussions regarding the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the human tooth surface, a definitive conclusion has not yet been established. In this study, sixty bicuspids extracted from teenagers were employed for testing, in conjunction with 6 different brands of orthodontic resins: Concise, Unitek, Ormco, American, Mono-lok and Right-on. On the buccal surface of the crown, the tensile bond strength for the various resins were tested and recorded. The bond strength was 0.69 kg/mm2 for Concise, 0.64 kg/mm2 for Unitek, 0.58 Kg/mm2 for Ormco, 0.55 kg/mm2 for American, 0.54 kg/mm2 for Mono-log and 0.45 kg/mm2 for Right-on, respectively. The broken surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The broken surfaces were either at interface between the resin and bracket base, at the resin itself, interface between tooth surface and resin or in a combination of them. On the broken surface of the bracket base, components of broken tooth fragments were also detected. The percentage for the frequency of samples of each type of orthodontic resin of broken tooth fragments found was 30% for Concise, 10% for Unitek, 50% for Ormco, 40% for American, 50% for Mono-lok and 80% for Right-on.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Orthodontic-surgical interaction in the management of cleft lip and palate.

The orthodontist's role in the cleft palate team requires close collaboration with the surgeons and other team members. The rationale of timing and sequencing of orthodontic treatment have been discussed in the various time frames, which for convenience have been considered as follows: (1) neonatal or infant maxillary orthopedics; (2) orthodontic considerations in the primary dentition; (3) mixed dentition orthodontics to include presurgical recommendations before an alveolar bone graft and its rationale for use in selected patients; and (4) orthognathic surgery combining an orthodontic and surgical approach to the correction of dental and skeletal components of malocclusion in the permanent dentition. Speech considerations and the communicative skills of the patient with a cleft are important aspects in planning orthognathic surgery for this group of patients. Also, subsequent nose and lip revisions for cosmetic improvement must not be underestimated in the enhancement of the final result following correction of the skeletal and dental discrepancies. Provided the timing and sequencing of appropriate treatment modalities are planned in a closely coordinated, problem-oriented approach by the team members, cleft patients should currently have optimal functional and esthetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Identification of cases requiring orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal study.

The present paper is a report on the second part of a longitudinal study dealing with the identification of children requiring orthodontic treatment. The series consisted of 200 children selected at random. The children were first examined at the age of 7 and next time at the age of 10. At the second examination 38% were found not to need any orthodontic treatment, while it was considered necessary to follow the occlusal development in 19%, and 43% were found to need treatment. The treatment need was urgent in 17%, moderate in 16% and slight in 10%. The re-examination of the untreated children at the age of 10 offered a possibility of checking the orthodontic prognosis made at the age of 7. It was concluded that only children showing cross bites and severe Class II malocclusions can reliably be selected for treatment at the age of 7. At this age misjudgements can be made with regard to dental arch crowding, open bite, deep bite, overjet and distal occlusion. Furthermore, it was concluded that a final decision concerning the need of orthodontic treatment cannot always be made even in 10-year-old children. The study will be continued by examinations at the ages of 12 and 14.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Multiple microaerophilic streptococcal lung abscesses after orthodontic treatment.

An immunocompetent 12-year-old boy developed multiple microaerophilic streptococcal lung abscesses after application of orthodontic bands ("braces"). The dental work was done in the supine position. The data suggest that the patient aspirated the organisms and, possibly, flecks of dental cement, during orthodontic treatment. "Rubber dams" should be used to help prevent aspiration in children who receive dental work in the supine position. When a rubber dam cannot be used, as with orthodontic treatment, physicians should advise patients who are at risk for developing pulmonary infection (eg, patients with neuromuscular diseases which compromise cough and/or gag, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, primary immunodeficiency, etc) to have this dental work, including orthodontic treatment, performed in the erect position.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Confocal laser scanning microscopic studies on alveolar bone remodeling with orthodontic tooth movement and retention.

Alveolar bone reconstruction in growing dog during the retention period following orthodontic tooth movement was studied. Three beagle dogs (8-10 kg body weight, about one-year-old) were used and two of the animals were subjected to histological observation. The upper 2nd and lower 3rd premolars on both sides were extracted prior to the orthodontic treatments. After a healing period of one month, the upper 3rd premolar and the lower 4th premolar on the right side were moved mesially with a conventional orthodontic force for 8 weeks, and then retained in their new position for 4 weeks. The contralateral corresponding premolars were used as control. The alveolar bone was double-labeled with tetracycline (TC) during the movement and calcein (Cal) during the retention period. Alveolar bone structure and labeling patterns were examined by contact microradiography, conventional fluorescence microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Optimizing the separation of TC and Cal labelings in the alveolar bone was attained by the simultaneous use of ultraviolet (364 nm) and argon (488 nm) laser sources for excitation of TC and Cal, respectively. Cal labeling, indicative of new bone deposition showed two distinct patterns: lamination at the periodontal surface and rings circumscribing the vascular canal. The cementum surface also exhibited active deposition during the experimental period. Bone formation was affected by slight changes in magnitude and direction of orthodontic or occlusal forces. CLSM is valuable in deciphering the process of alveolar bone remodeling.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthodontic correction of maxillary flaring using provisional restorations.

An unconventional orthodontic correction can be accomplished by using preexisting provisional restorations, which can be modified for use in active tooth movement or splinted together for orthodontic anchorage. This technique has an advantage over conventional fixed appliance orthodontic therapy because it can accomplish tooth movement concurrently with restorative and periodontal therapy. Consequently, the timing or sequencing of periodontal and restorative treatment is optimal, and the overall treatment is more efficient. The learning objective of this article is to describe the minor tooth movement necessary to achieve the optimum occlusal scheme, crown form, and tooth position for the forces of occlusion to be displaced down the long axis of the periodontally compromised teeth. Once the occlusion, periodontal health, and crown contours for the provisional splinted restoration are acceptable, the final splinted restoration can be similarly fabricated, and it becomes an excellent orthodontic retainer.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

The first 100 cases of orthodontic treatment: one year out of retention.

The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index have been developed to assess need and outcome of orthodontic treatment. In this paper the authors evaluate the occlusal change and orthodontic treatment need of 100 consecutively started courses of orthodontic treatment at least 1 year after all retention measures had ceased using these indices.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed1993

The general dental status of patients referred to the orthodontic department of the Glasgow Dental Hospital.

A survey of 280 orthodontic referrals to the Glasgow Dental Hospital, consecutively screened for orthodontic needs, revealed that 1 in 5 had untreated caries and more than half had a level of oral hygiene incompatible with wearing an orthodontic appliance. The suitability and motivation of such patients, therefore, must be questioned before prescribing orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior dental crossbite: relationship between incisor crown length and incisor irregularity before and after orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of this study involving a sample of children with single central incisor crossbite was to determine the relationship between clinical crown lengths of the crossbite and noncrossbite mandibular incisors, incisor irregularity, and orthodontic correction of the crossbite. In addition, for comparison, the normal maturational change in position of the labial gingival margin of mandibular incisors not undergoing orthodontic correction was examined. Twenty-one children treated for single central incisor crossbite were matched individually by gender and age to a comparison group. Pre- and post-treatment mandibular central incisor crown lengths and incisor irregularity were measured. In 10 of the 21 anterior crossbite cases, the crown length of the crossbite incisor was more than 1.5 mm greater than that of the noncrossbite incisor. This difference improved with orthodontic treatment by a combination of apical movement of the gingival margin of the noncrossbite incisor (0.9 +/- 0.8 mm) and coronal movement (0.2 +/- 0.6 mm) of the gingival margin of the crossbite incisor. In contrast, for the remaining 11 anterior crossbites without such a crown length difference, and for the comparison cases, the gingival margins of both mandibular central incisors moved equally from pre- to post-treatment by 0.5 +/- 0.5 mm in an apical direction. Pretreatment crown length difference between crossbite and noncrossbite incisor was associated strongly to incisor irregularity (P < or = 0.005, r = 0.65). Orthodontic correction of the crossbite produced an improvement in irregularity index (IR) that was greatest in those anterior crossbite cases with a pretreatment crown length difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1994

[The comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel pretreated by different conditions of Nd-YAG laser].

Laser beams can cause the enamel surface roughly which is similar to the effect of the traditional acid-etching technique. We wanted to study the possibility of the application of the laser on enamel etching. In this study we treated the enamel with different energy levels for orthodontic bracket placement and measuring the shear bond strength. 104 bovine teeth were polished by 600 # grit sandpaper, then cut, embedded, set and divided into 13 groups. The control group was not treated. 12 different energy levels (10pps 50, 70, 85, 100mJ; 15pps 83.3mJ; 20pps 50, 87.5, 100, 150mJ; 30pps 50, 86.7, 100mJ) were treated on the enamel. The orthodontic brackets were placed on 8 specimens of each group with orthodontic resin (Ormco). Then, the specimens were put in 37 degrees C water bath for 24 hours. 7 specimens of the control group of brackets fell off after water bath. The shear forces of the other 97 specimens were measured by the Instron at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The shear strength of the only one specimen of the control group was 0.1MPa. The results for the range of shear strength of the laser group were 2.66-5.53MPa. The shear strength increased proportionately to the energy density. Because the mean shear strength of the laser group were significantly high, we can refer the practical application in orthodontic clinic. The laser beam only affected the area coated with Chinese ink, so the treated area is controllable. The fracture surface of the laser-etched was smooth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Infection control in the dental practice with emphasis on the orthodontic practice.

Infections present a significant hazard in the orthodontic office because they can be transmitted by blood or saliva through direct or indirect contact, droplets, aerosols, or contaminated instruments and equipment. Because the incidence of certain microbial cross-infections in the dental environment has not been well documented, orthodontic personnel may not take the problem of cross-infection as seriously as they should, and they may transmit or contract more infections than they realize. The use of effective infection-control procedures in the orthodontic office and laboratory will prevent cross-contamination that may extend to the orthodontist, office staff, assistants, and patients. The goal of this article is to present infection control in a simple, yet comprehensive, manner, and to encourage all orthodontic practitioners to implement essential infection-control procedures in their practices.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1993

Development of the integrated general practitioner training scheme in orthodontics.

A training scheme for general dental practitioners (GDPs), based on that recommended by the British Orthodontic Standards Working Party, has been set up within Northern Ireland. It has been developed to encourage and support interested GDPs to diagnose and treat suitable patients orthodontically within their own practice, to widen the scope of their orthodontic expertise and to increase experience through clinical attachments to consultant units, backed up by theoretical and practical sessions. The aim of the scheme was to heighten interest, identify suitable patients and to increase the accuracy of referral for advice and treatment elsewhere. It is hoped that this framework may be of interest and value to those in other centres, who may be considering ways and means of making orthodontic treatment more available. By following this pattern, it is hoped that in due course, this integrated approach of clinical attachment and theoretical module may progress towards the setting up of a national network, adequately funded by the Department of Health.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1997

The importance of determination of jaw position in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for adult patients.

The basic data needed for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning include color prints of soft tissue facial profile, intraoral dental arches, and occlusion; cephalometric and panoramic radiographs; and dental casts. Hand-wrist and TMJ radiographs are also necessary in some circumstances. If orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plans are made only from the dental alignments and occlusion from the static or hand-assembled dental casts, the diagnosis and treatment planning made may be wrong in some cases. Clinically, it is necessary to find the centric relation of the lower jaw and to transfer the jaw relationship to the articulator. Correct diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planning may then be made from the findings of the occlusal relationship from the articulator accompanied with the information on skeletal age and craniofacial characteristics from the hand-wrist and cephalometric radiographs. Four clinical cases have been presented to demonstrate the importance of determination of jaw position in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in adult patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Combined surgical-orthodontic correction for mandibular protrusion].

Through the analysis of the treatment plans and the results of 159 patients with mandibular prognathism, the authors emphasized that orthodontic treatment plays an important role in the combined procedure in which the aims of orthodontic treatment include eliminating dental compensation, aligning the teeth, harmonizing arch compatibility, adjusting and maintaining occlusal relationship. The choice of surgical procedure used for setting back the mandible is closely related to the result of pre-operative orthodontic treatment. The body step osteotomy and vertical ramus osteotomy are the most commonly used procedure to set back the mandible after pre-operative orthodontic preparation.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Cariostatic effect of glass ionomer retained orthodontic appliances. An in vivo study.

The cariostatic effect of a fluoride releasing bonding agent was investigated and compared with a conventional composite based material in connection with bonding of orthodontic brackets in 22 homologous pairs of premolars. All subjects had malocclusions requiring orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and extraction of at least two premolars. 6-13 weeks prior to extraction, orthodontic brackets were bonded to the labial surfaces of the extraction teeth with either a glass ionomer cement or a bis-GMA resin. Initially, the children were instructed in tooth brushing and the regular use of fluoride. After extraction, the bonded teeth were stained and evaluated in a stereo-microscope regarding the incidence and extension of initial enamel demineralisation. The zone of intact enamel adjacent to the bracket base and bonding material was measured in a stereo-microscope at four predetermined locations with the aid of an electronic ruler and scored according to four categories. The incidence of enamel demineralisation adjacent to glass ionomer bonded and composite bonded brackets was 68% and 77% respectively. In 12 pairs of premolars however, the demineralisation appeared to a lesser extent on the enamel around the brackets was generally wider when glass ionomer cement was used compared to the composite resin. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) mesially and distally, but non-significant cervically and incisally. The results indicate that bonding with glass ionomer cement may have a local cariostatic effect in children requiring fixed orthodontic appliances.

Adolescent↗