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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[The original spaciality of the body itself: phenomenology and neurosciences].

The phenomenological tradition stands opposed to contemporary cognitive science in this, that so far from being a mere thing in the physical world, a thing whose mind would contain some mental representation, the lived body is constituted in its sense of being for the subject by being used and actively appropriated by this self-same subject, as agent. Though not already generally acknowledged, there are important similarities between this conception and one, which emerges from the literature of brain cartography over the last twenty years, that of a functional morphogenetic neurodynamics, induced and modulated by experience in a relatively autonomous way, in relation both to the anatomic structures of the body, as well as the cytoarchitectonic frontiers of brain tissue. Taking advantage of the latter similarities, neuroscientific data can be employed to confirm the Husserlian theory of constitution against the attempts on the part of cognitive science to discredit it, and this whether we are talking about its later modification at the hands of Merleau-Ponty or the original version, which is that of a subjective (transcendental) auto-constitution of the lived body on the basis of the practico-kinaesthetic experience of < >.

Cognitive Science↗
PubMed2005

PRIP, a novel Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding protein, functional significance in Ca2+ signaling and extension to neuroscience and beyond.

Investigation of chemically synthesized inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] analogs has led to the isolation of a novel binding protein with a molecular size of 130 kDa, characterized as a molecule with similar domain organization to phospholipase C-d1 (PLC-d1) but lacking the enzymatic activity. An isoform of the molecule was subsequently identified, and these molecules have been named PRIP (PLC-related, but catalytically inactive protein), with the two isoforms named PRIP-1 and -2. Regarding its ability to bind Ins(1,4,5)P3 via the pleckstrin homology domain, the involvement of PRIP-1 in Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ signaling was examined using COS-1 cells overexpressing PRIP-1 and cultured neurons prepared from PRIP-1 knock-out mice. Yeast two hybrid screening of a brain cDNA library using a unique N-terminus as bait identified GABARAP (GABAA receptor associated protein) and PP1 (protein phosphatase 1), which led us to examine the possible involvement of PRIP in GABAA receptor signaling. For this purpose PRIP knock-out mice were analyzed for GABAA receptor function in relation to the action of benzodiazepines from the electrophysiological and behavioral aspects. During the course of these experiments we found that PRIP also binds to the b-subunit of GABAA receptors and PP2A (protein phosphtase 2A). Here, we summarize how PRIP is involved in Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ signaling and GABAA receptor signaling based on the characteristics of binding molecules.

Calcium↗
PubMed2005

[Eye movement: from basic semiology to cognitive neuroscience].

Eye movements are an integral part of visual function. They are particularly well developed in frontal-eyed predator species. The abducens nuclei ensure lateral ocular motor synergy, while the oculomotor nuclei control vertical eye movements and convergence. The two main types of conjugate eye movement--saccades (image switching) and slow movements (image stabilization)--are controlled by specific brainstem premotor structures (respectively reticular and vestibular). Upstream of the brainstem, the cortical and subcortical pathways involved in eye movements are gradually being elucidated. Saccades are being used as a motor model to study the different cognitive processes, such as spatial memory, prediction and decision, involved in general movement preparation. The classical approaches based on lesion analysis, combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional cerebral imaging, are contributing to our understanding of how the brain functions. Eye movements can be used for bedside diagnostic purposes, but also for sophisticated laboratory studies designed to explore the universe of cognition.

Animals↗