Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nails”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[A favourable outcome in yellow nail syndrome: role of respiratory physiotherapy].

INTRODUCTION: The yellow nail syndrome is a rare condition that is easily diagnosed but the nail manifestations are poorly understood. CASE REPORT: A 51 year old patient presented with a chronic cough. The diagnosis was based on the typical appearance of the nails. The patient had bilateral basal bronchiectasis. Daily physiotherapy with bronchial drainage lead to a progressive improvement in the respiratory symptoms without recourse to antibiotics. Surprisingly the abnormalities of the nails disappeared after 2 years treatment. CONCLUSION: This observation illustrates the possibility of spontaneous resolution of severe nail abnormalities during the course of the yellow nail syndrome.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed2005

Through-the-nail technique.

Ipsilateral fractures of the neck of the femur and the femoral shaft are uncommon injuries and they present considerable challenge as the concurrent survival of the femoral head and union of the femoral shaft fracture is of paramount importance. We present a young male patient who sustained a Garden IV fracture of the neck of his right femur following a road traffic accident, with the fracture being adjacent to an ipsilateral intramedullary nail inserted 10 years previously for a midshaft femoral fracture; the nail was broken, with its proximal fragment lying behind the greater trochanter. The patient was operated on within 6 hours from the injury. An attempt was made to remove the nail but this was abandoned as warring iatrogenic bone loss was encountered, due to the proximity of the fracture to the nail entry point. Instead, three cancellous lag-screws were inserted to fix the fracture in a triangular fashion. Two screws placed posteriorly behind the nail, and one anterior screw through the nail.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of reamed or unreamed intramedullary nailing under non-damaged conditions on pulmonary function in sheep.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary damage after reamed or unreamed femoral nailing has been controversial in clinical and experimental studies. We investigated changes in pulmonary function and coagulatory response in normal lungs of sheep after reamed or unreamed intramedullary nailing of an unfractured femur. METHODS: We used three groups of sheep (each group, n = 6): reamed femoral nailing (RFN); unreamed femoral nailing (UFN); and sham control group. Femoral osteotomies and lung contusions were not made. Hemodynamic monitoring data and blood gas data (BGD) were recorded, and blood samples for biochemistry (antithrombin III, lipid peroxidase and fibrinogen) were collected 0 to 6 hours after nailing. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in pulmonary tissue were analyzed 6 hours after nailing. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in time course of hemodynamic monitoring data, BGD, or biochemical data among the three groups. In BALF analysis, the lipid-laden cell count in the RFN group was higher than those of the other groups, and MPO activity was highest in the RFN group. CONCLUSION: RFN did not affect pulmonary function at the physiologic level or affect the coagulatory system at the acute stage, but RFN under non-damaged conditions could lead to leukocyte activation in lung tissue without worse alteration of alveolar permeability in the acute post-operative course.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

The disappearing nail bed: a possible outcome of onycholysis.

Onycholysis is a separation of the nail plate from the underlying and/or lateral supporting structures (hyponychium, nail bed, lateral nail folds). It is a commonly seen disorder that is usually asymptomatic. We have observed a number of cases of onycholysis in which the distal nail bed appeared to shrink. The nail bed becomes keratinized and produces dermatoglyphics like the normal tip of a digit. This may explain why it is difficult to promote reattachment. If onycholysis persists, the condition is more likely to become irreversible and form the "disappearing nail bed." The best chance of resolving onycholysis is to try to identify the causative agent and institute early therapy.

Epidermis↗
PubMed2006

[Early results of treatment with expandable intramedullary nails in femur shaft fractures].

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the use of expandable intramedullary nails, their efficacy, and short-term results in the treatment of femur shaft fractures. METHODS: The study included 20 patients (10 females, 10 males; mean age 31 years; range 15 to 75 years) who were treated with expandable intramedullary nails (Fixion intramedullary femur nail) for femur shaft fractures. All the fractures were closed and were rated as type 32 A or B according to the AO classification. The mean duration from injury to surgery was three days (range 4 hours to 8 days). The results were evaluated using the Thoresen criteria. The mean follow-up was 26 months (range 9 to 38 months). RESULTS: The mean operation time was 79 minutes (range 45 to 120 min). Union was achieved in all the patients in a mean of 12.8 weeks (range 10 to 20 weeks). According to the Thoresen criteria, the results were excellent in 15 patients, good in one patient, fair in three patients, and poor in one patient. The results in all type A middle diaphyseal fractures were excellent. Of four patients with A2-3 distal metadiaphyseal fractures, one patient had a good result with a valgus of 5 degrees , and three patients had a fair result with a valgus ranging from 8 degrees to 10 degrees , one of which also had 8-mm shortening. Delayed union, early or late infections, compartment syndrome, or bone necrosis were not seen. Of six patients who completed a follow-up of two years, the nails were removed in five patients, whereas removal was not possible in one patient due to a break in the upper part. CONCLUSION: Expandable intramedullary nails offer advantages in terms of ease of application and are less invasive than static nails and reamed applications. However, they may not provide adequate stability in metadiaphyseal regions and in fractures with fragments greater than 50%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effect of autocontrol micromotion intramedullary interlocking nail on fracture healing: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of autocontrol micromotion locking nail (AMLN) on experimental fracture healing and its mechanism. METHODS: 16 goats undergoing both sides of transverse osteotomy of the femoral shafts were fixed intramedullary with AMLN and Gross-Kempf (GK) nail, respectively. The follow-up time was 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Roentgenographic, biomechanical, histological, scanning electromicroscopic and biochemical analyses were done. RESULTS: (1) The strength of anticompression, antiflexion and antitorsion in the fractural end in the AMLN-fixed group was higher than that of GK nail-fixed group; whereas, the rate of stress shelter in the fractured end decreased significantly (P<0.01). (2) The content of the total collagen, insoluble collagen, calcium and phosphate in the AMLN-fixed group was higher than that in the GK nail-fixed group (P<0.05). (3) Histological observation and quantitative analysis of calluses revealed that AMLN could promote the growth of bridge calluses and periosteum calluses. Hence the fracture healing and remolding process achieved early, which was much better than traditional GK nail fixation. (P<0.05). (4) 7-14 days postoperation, the calluses of AMLN-fixed group was flourish and camellarly arranged and the collagen fibril formed constantly in the absorption lacuna of bone trabecula. 28-56 days postoperation, the collagen fibril was flourish around the absorption lacuna and was parallel to the bone's longitudinal axis. Active bony absorption and formation were seen, so was remolding and rebuilding. Haversian system was intact and the bony structural net was very tenacious because of the deposition of calcium salt. None of the above findings was observed in the GK nail-fixed group. CONCLUSIONS: The design of AMLN accords well with the plastic fixation theory. As the geometry ametabolic system constituted by the intramedullary fixation instruments and the proximal and distal end of the fracture is very firm and stable, the disturbance to the physical stress distributed in the fractural end is light. The generation and conduct of the intermittent physical stress between the fractural parts could reach the balance between stress conduct and stress protection. The feature that the healing and remolding take place at the same time speeds up the fractural healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The biomechanical study of rotating-arm self-locking intramedullary nails in comminuted femoral shaft fractures].

This study was sought to compare and evaluate the biomechanical properities of rotating-arm self-locking intramedullary nails (RSIN) with domestic femoral intramedullary nail (DFIN) in communited femoral shaft fractures. A 2 cm midshaft defect was created on seven pairs of cadaver femur, and fixed with two kinds of intramedullary nails. Then the torsion, four-point bending and axial loading to failure were tested on these models. The load versus deformation curve was generated from the load recorded by the load cell and the deformation simultaneously recorded by the linear variable displacement transducer. The mean torsional stiffness of the femora fixed with RSIN was 0.98 Nm/degree, which was significantly less than that fixed with the similar nails reported in documents, and the mean value of bending stiffness of the femur fixed with DFIN was larger than that of the femur fixed with RBIN, but there was no significant statistic difference. For use in fracture models under compression load beyond 1200 N, the RBIN was more rigid than DFIN, which provided the biggest load. All the parameters of the test with nails were greater than that for femur fixed with nails. In conclusion, FBIN probably provides enough strength and rigidity for use in communited femoral shaft fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Interlocking nailing for the treatment of femoral fractures due to gunshot wounds.

Fifty-six patients who had a fracture of the femur due to a low-velocity gunshot injury were treated with interlocking nailing with the Grosse-Kempf nail. Patients who had an isolated fracture were treated by intravenous administration of antibiotics followed by delayed interlocking nailing. Ninety-three per cent of the fractures had Grade-III or IV comminution. At an average duration of follow-up of sixteen months (range, twelve to twenty-nine months), the results of closed interlocking nailing were excellent. All of the fractures united an average of twenty-three weeks (range, fourteen to forty weeks) after the nailing. There were no apparent infections in the entire series. There were two delayed unions and seven malunions. Five patients had a serious associated vascular injury; four of these five had interlocking nailing immediately after vascular repair. The fractures united without any residual vascular insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Serial study on nail fold microcirculation in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

The nail fold microcirculation was studied in 55 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 hours and 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days after AMI, sixteen indices of nail fold microcirculation were observed and analysed according to Tian Niu's "Multiple Weighted Evaluation Method of Nail Fold Microcirculation" using microscopic video system. The results showed: (1) The nail fold microcirculatory multiple weighted values were 6.6 +/- 0.8 within 12 hours after AMI, the mean value decreased significantly while the patient got better (P less than 0.0005). Significant difference among the different weighted values after AMI was shown. (2) The multiple weighted values in patients with complication were higher than those without complications (P less than 0.001). The values in patients with cardiogenic shock were much higher than those with cardiac failure or arrhythmia (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05). (3) The weighted values in patients with multiple infarction were significantly higher than those with single infarction (P less than 0.05). (4) The nail fold multiple weighted values positively correlated with CPK, LDH, GOT (r = +0.82-0.97, P less than 0.0005) respectively. Thus, the higher the weighted value the much more serious condition of patients with AMI was. Continuous nail fold microcirculation observation and electrocardiographic monitoring would be helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of the complications with AMI to reduce the total mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Microvascular nail transfer.

A composite of nail and its skin appendages can be transferred for the foot to the hand by microvascular anastomosis. For technical reasons, the most suitable donor nail is from the big toe, and this most closely approximates the thumb nail. A finite portion of hemipulp must be included with the transfer to ensure adequate vascularization. Nail size can be reduced by resection of the edges of the germinal matrix so as to match the donor defects. For finger nail reconstruction, it is usually more practical to transfer the whole of the tip of the second or third toe to replace the whole of the tip of the finger. The indications of nail reconstruction by this technique are relatively rare and are predominantly cosmetic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Biomechanical comparison of slotted and nonslotted interlocking nails in distal femoral shaft fractures.

The torsional and compressive biomechanical characteristics of slotted and nonslotted interlocking nails in distal femoral shaft fractures were evaluated. Slotted (Grosse-Kempf) and nonslotted (Russell-Taylor) locked nail systems were implanted in anatomic specimen femora, which were then tested in torsion and axial compression. For torsional studies, each femur was transversely sectioned distal to the isthmus; for axial loading, a distal 3-cm section of bone was removed. The mean peak torsional stiffness of the femora fixed with nonslotted nails was 0.955 Nm per degree, which was significantly greater than that (0.300 Nm per degree) for the femora fixed with the slotted nails. However, when loaded to failure in compression, the nonslotted nail group failed at a mean load of 2490 N compared with 3050 N for the group fixed with the slotted devices. These results could be due in part to the lesser rigidity of the slotted nail, which may have facilitated greater load sharing with bone and increased resistance to compression failure.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Infection after intramedullary nailing of severe open tibial fractures initially treated with external fixation.

Twenty-four patients had a severe open fracture of the tibia that was initially treated by external fixation and subsequently by reamed intramedullary nailing. The external fixation had been maintained for an average of fifty-two days (range, seven to 230 days). The mean interval between removal of the external fixator and intramedullary nailing was sixty-five days (range, three to 360 days). In five of the seven patients who had had an infection at one or more of the pin sites, an infection later developed around the intramedullary nail. In comparison, only one of the seventeen patients who had not had a pin-site infection had an infection later around the nail (p = 0.003). An analysis of other variables, including the duration of external fixation, wound coverage, other injuries, and the type of fracture, showed that none was a predictor of infection either at the pin sites or around the intramedullary nail. We concluded that a pin-site infection that develops during external fixation is a contraindication to the subsequent use of reamed intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Insertion of distal screws in interlocking nailing using a new free-hand control device].

While it is technically easy to introduce the proximal screw in interlocking nailing, the torsion of the nail being driven into the medullary canal can make distal locking more difficult. There are two approaches to the insertion of the distal screws: the c-arm-mounted device and the free-hand technique. The Grosse-Kempf c-arm device was introduced in 1978, but it requires modification of the fluoroscopy unit and is time consuming. The free-hand technique has certain disadvantages because of involuntary movement during the change from aiming to drilling. Furthermore, the bulky power drill makes monitoring of the path of the drill bit impossible, and the radiation time can be considerable. A new free-hand distal aiming device for the interlocking nail was therefore designed in our department. The main objectives were to provide a simple, yet precise instrument with few parts that would allow monitoring of the direction during process of penetrating the nail hole. The device consists of two metal rings on both ends of an X-ray translucent cylinder with a central 4-mm hole in it. A pin with a sharp tip (diameter 4 mm, length 160 mm) is inserted through the hole. Using the image intensifier, the device is then placed so that the sharp tip of the pin points to the bone. The device is moved until the two metal rings are superimposed on each other and give the impression of one ring with the nail hole in the middle. On the screen the pin then appears as a dot inside the nail hole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures of the femur. II. Elastooptic and tensometric studies of the isolated femur and fixed bones in trochanteric fractures using angular or intramedullary Y nails].

Here are presented the results of investigations on the isolated femur and after osteotomy the re-enacting of experimental 2nd degree trochanteric fractures. The connection of fractured bone fragments has been performed with the use of the angular or intramedullar Y nail. It has been stated that pressures (overload 2000 N) on the fracture surface in the bone connected by the use of the intramedullar Y nail are lower than the bone tension prior to fracture in the same place. So far as the angular nail is concerned the connections made by the use of that nail is characterized by lower pressures than tensions prior to fracture (overload 1000 N) and is 20% higher than tensions in the site of hypothetic fracture (overload 2000 N). Moreover, the intramedullar Y nail transfers the pressure below the site of the trochanteric fracture cross-section, relieving the pressure of the fracture site. The length of the intramedullar part of the Y nail is equal to 3/4's of the femur length and is sufficient for stabilization of post-fracture bone fragments.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures of the femur. III. Comparative studies of the tensile strength of osteosynthesis in trochanteric fractures of the femur using angular and intramedullary Y nails].

Here is shown a comparison of endurance in different types of connected trochanteric fractures by the use of angular and intramedullary Y nails. Studies were made on 24 isolated femora, upon which an osteotomy was performed so as to experimentally reconstruct trochanteric fractures of the II, III and IV degree. Bone fragments were connected by the use of angular or intramedullary Y nails. Such connected bones underwent the gradual increase of weight in order to test the endurance of the connections applied. It was established that the angular nail stabilizes fragments in fractures of the II degree, but in fractures of the III degree it can only serve as a bone suture. On the other hand it is of no use in connected fractures of the IV degree. The intramedullary Y nail stabilizes bone fragments well in fractures of the II and III degree, as well as in fractures of the IV degree. The connection of trochanteric fractures of the II degree by use of the intramedullary Y nail is more beneficial than connection by use of the angular nail due an approximately doubled endurance in connections of this kind.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1989

Distal screw targeting of interlocking nails.

Successful placement of the distal interlocking screws into the Grosse-Kempf nail is a demanding procedure due in part to deformation of the nail during insertion and to inaccuracy of the targeting device supplied with the system. The authors suggest an alternative approach. After placement of the nail in a tibia or femur, a Kirschner wire (K-wire) is directed through the distal transfixation hole under fluoroscopic control. A second Grosse-Kempf nail is placed alongside the limb with the K-wire passing through the corresponding distal hole. The more proximal hole on the nail serves as a targeting guide for a more proximal wire. Once correct placement of the wires is confirmed roentgenographically, the near cortex is opened with a cannulated drill passed over the wires. The wires are removed, the opposite cortices are drilled, and the screws are placed. In 25 consecutive distally locked nailings (eight tibiae and 17 femora), the technique was easily mastered, decreasing the roentgenogram exposure when compared to freehand techniques.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1986

The treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft with the Brooker-Wills distal locking intramedullary nail.

Ninety-two fractures of the femoral shaft in eighty-five patients were followed after treatment with the Brooker-Wills distal locking intramedullary nail. Twenty-one (22.8 per cent) of the fractures were open and seventy-one (77.2 per cent) were closed; 84.8 per cent of the fractures were comminuted. All but one fracture united, in a mean time of 4.4 months. Four fractures healed with mild angulation, and three had shortening of more than one but less than two centimeters. Significant rotatory deformities did not occur. No patient required postoperative traction or external stabilization, and all but five patients regained a normal range of motion of the ipsilateral hip and knee. There were intraoperative technical problems in eleven patients (12.0 per cent) and postoperative complications in eighteen patients (19.6 per cent), including fourteen patients (15.2 per cent) with pulmonary emboli, infection, or heterotopic bone at the site of the insertion of the nail. Five patients (5.4 per cent) had postoperative complications that were directly related to the proximal and distal fixation of the nail. There was one non-union (1.1 per cent). No problems were encountered with removal of the nail. The Brooker-Wills distal locking intramedullary nail proved to be an effective device for the stabilization of fractures of the femoral shaft. The use of this modified Küntscher nail with both proximal and distal fixation has been successful in preventing clinically significant femoral angulation, malrotation, and shortening and has allowed early mobilization of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Onychoheterotopia with polyonychia associated with Pierre Robin syndrome: apropos of a new case. (Trial of classifying nail ectopia)].

The authors report the second case in the English language literature of a rare abnormality of the fingers and nails associated with Pierre Robin syndrome. The patient was born at term to non-consanguineous parents. The only potentially toxic drug taken by the mother during the first months of pregnancy was Sympathyl, a combined preparation of phenobarbitone, methenamine and plant extracts (boldo, crataegus) used as sedative. The child presented at birth with typical Pierre Robin syndrome responsible for respiratory distress, associated with hypotonia, dysplasia of the right hip and cardiac murmur. His development was marked by pronounced psychomotor retardation. At the age of four the patient was referred for congenital malformations of the hands, and notably bilateral and symmetrical abnormalities of the 5th finger consisting of inflammatory-like tapering, soft tissue hypotrophy, sucked appearance of the ungual phalanx, absence of palmar flexion folds and skin ridges and above all, presence of an ectopic supernumerary nail on the volar aspect of the ungual phalanx. This extra nail was not fused with the dorsal nail, although both met at their lateral edges. Other abnormalities were camptodactylia of the 4th fingers, clinodactylia of the 4th and 5th fingers and irreducible extension of the 5th fingers contrasting with hyperlaxity of their metacarpophalangeal joint. The karyotype (46 XY) was normal. Avulsion of the ectopic nails confirmed that they were distinct from the dorsal nails, having their own matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abnormalities, Multiple↗