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PubMed2006

Frequencies of morphological characteristics in two contemporary forensic collections: implications for identification.

Positive identification relies on comparison of antemortem and postmortem data. Some identifications are based on morphological features such as fracture, pathological condition, and surgical hardware, despite little literature indicating the frequencies of such traits. This study examines whether such features are sufficiently rare as to be deemed individualizing. Data were collected on two modern North American skeletal collections (N=482 individuals). Presence/absence of features was scored by skeletal element and side. Results indicate that frequencies vary by geographic region (higher frequency of fractures and pathological conditions in New Mexico while individuals in Tennessee were more likely to have surgical interventions), many features such as fractures are remarkably common and that even suites of traits may not be individualizing. Caution is warranted when using written data rather than radiographic comparisons as the primary source of identification. The implications of these findings to missing person databases are also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

The poverty of information systems management in home health agencies: implications for survivability.

Home health agencies are increasingly being challenged to cope with economic, financial and clinical pressures. This study examines the extent to which home health agencies have cultivated their information systems as an aid for managing performance and external forces. Colorado and New Mexico home health agencies participated in the research project. The findings indicate that only modest investments have been made by respondents in their information systems. The typical respondent reports a personal computer-based system which addresses some financial reporting data, but which does not emphasize care delivery or contextual factors. The implications of these findings for the survivability of home health agencies are discussed.

Colorado↗

PubMed1992

Safety-belt use and motor-vehicle-related injuries--Navajo Nation, 1988-1991.

Injuries are the second leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaskan Natives; during 1986-1988, injuries accounted for 22% of all deaths (1). The risk for motor-vehicle-related injury deaths is nearly threefold higher among American Indians and Alaskan Natives than among the total U.S. population (age-adjusted death rates: 57.5 per 100,000 versus 19.5 per 100,000) (1-3). For residents of many rural, western, Indian reservations, age-adjusted motor-vehicle-related death rates are substantially higher; in particular, the rates for Navajos* are fivefold greater than for the total U.S. population (97.9 per 100,000 versus 19.5 per 100,000) (1) and almost three times the rate for all New Mexico residents (35.2 per 100,000) (4). To increase safety-belt use by front-seat occupants and thereby reduce motor-vehicle-related injuries, the Navajo Area Indian HealtH Service (IHS) Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, the Navajo Department of Highway Safety, and the Navajo Nation implemented a primary enforcement safety-belt use law and educational campaign. This report summarizes results of their effort.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neural-tube defects in a prehistoric south-western Indian population.

Concern with the frequency and patterning of the occurrence of midline neural-tube defects among contemporary human populations is widespread. These defects are, however, quite old and occur in unusually high numbers of prehistoric skeletons. A common explanation offered for such high incidence has been inbreeding among small, reproductively isolated populations. In a sample of 54 skeletons from the prehistoric south-western Indian site of Tijeras Pueblo in New Mexico, failure of neural-tube closure occurs in 10% of sacra recovered. While a more homogeneous genetic background and inbreeding may account for a portion of this elevated prevalence, the cause appears to lie with cultural-environmental factors. It is suggested that the aetiology of these conditions has become more complex in recent human history.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: the Los Alamos Conference.

On June 12 and 13, 1990 the Los Alamos National Laboratory in cooperation with the New Mexico Department of Health and Environment, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a conference on the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Fifty presentations covered a variety of important issues which are summarized herein.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗

PubMed1993

Cannibalism in Chaco Canyon: the charnel pit excavated in 1926 at Small House ruin by Frank H.H. Roberts, Jr.

A charnel pit that contained the disarticulated and intentionally damaged remains of eight incomplete adult and subadult Anasazi skeletons was found and excavated in 1926 by F.H.H. Roberts, Jr., at an AD 900 ruin he named Small House, located in Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico. Damage includes extensive perimortem cranial and postcranial bone breakage, cut marks, anvil-hammerstone abrasions, burning, many missing vertebrae, and fragment end-polishing. Together, these six types of perimortem damage are believed to be the taphonomic signature of prehistoric Anasazi cannibalism. The possible cause of the Small House episode is discussed within the framework of two explanatory models--random social pathology and institutionalized social control by violent means.

Bone and Bones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quality improvement pitfalls and how to overcome them.

Analysis of the quarterly quality improvement reports submitted by departments and teams at the University of New Mexico Hospital identified several common pitfalls: monitoring someone else's performance, choosing irrelevant or meaningless indicators, working with inadequate samples, changing measurement techniques or indicators too frequently, taking ineffective actions, and jumping to solutions. To overcome these pitfalls, managers and team leaders can use tools such as indicator worksheets, data collection plans, report forms, team-tracking mechanisms, and comprehensive guidelines as their guides through the quality improvement process.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1988

Empowerment education: Freire's ideas adapted to health education.

Empowerment Education is proposed as an effective health education and prevention model that promotes health in all personal and social arenas. The model suggests that participation of people in group action and dialogue efforts directed at community targets enhances control and beliefs in ability to change people's own lives. The article is divided into three parts: a literature review demonstrating that powerlessness is linked to disease, and conversely, empowerment linked to health: an exposition of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire's empowering education theory with a comparison to traditional health education; and a case study of an empowering education substance abuse prevention project. The Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention (ASAP) Program is a University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Emergency Center, and community and school-based prevention project for adolescents. The case study will present ASAP's theoretical underpinnings and social practice, evaluation results, preliminary understandings of the stages for an empowering process, and future questions for practitioners interested in this approach. Empowerment education with its emphasis on organizing is recommended to be integrated into other prevention strategies of health promotion, disease prevention, and health policy.

Community Participation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

For-profit and nonprofit mergers: concerns and outcomes.

This article examines whether merger with an investor-owned chain is beneficial to nonprofit hospitals. Drawing on the experience of Lovelace Medical Foundation, a hospital-based group practice in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in its merger with the Hospital Corporation of America, this article describes the uncertainty that accompanies a merger, elucidates specific concerns of nonprofit hospitals about loss of autonomy to a large corporation, and sets guidelines for making sure most anticipated fears fail to materialize as a result of premerger planning.

Capital Financing↗

PubMed1977

Perinatal mortality rate at a community hospital, 1956 to 1975.

This paper is a review of the perinatal mortality rate and its components stillbirths and neonatal deaths, for the years 1956 through 1975 at Memorial General Hospital, Las Cruces, New Mexico. It is an attempt to assess major medical factors, such as specialization and cesarean section, and weigh their effect on these indices of the quality of perinatal medical care. Other factors considered in the analysis were: ages of mothers, parity, birth weights, and socioeconomic, educational, and motivational factors. The apparent impact of direct medical care factors is considerably less than would be expected.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Charges for substance abuse hospitalization: regional variations, 1990.

MetLife 1990 group health insurance costs for a substance abuse hospitalization averaged $7,660. The highest average total charges were reported in Texas and New Mexico, each with costs 30 percent or more above the U.S. average. The lowest average costs (those more than 30 percent below the norm) were reported in Oregon, Iowa, Minnesota and Massachusetts. Physician charges comprised less than 10 percent of the average total charges. Ancillary fees ranged from 6 percent of the hospital portion of the bill in Montana to 41 percent in Texas.

Ancillary Services, Hospital↗

PubMed1989

A quality assurance program for a state university student health center.

The New Mexico State University Student Health Center redesigned its quality assurance program to follow the Joint Commission's ten-step process for monitoring and evaluation. This article outlines the scopes of care in the Health Center's different units and provides case-study examples, including important aspects of care and indicators, to illustrate the monitoring and evaluation process as it is used for both retrospective studies and concurrent monitoring.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1991

From retrospective to concurrent monitoring in a university student health center: a report on the transition.

From 1984, when the quality assurance (QA) program at the Student Health Center of the New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, was initiated, to 1990, QA activities moved from purely retrospective chart reviews to concurrent monitoring. The QA plan divides center services into six units (physician medical, certified nurse practitioner [CNP] medical, nursing, clerical, laboratory, and pharmacy), for which indicators are selected by the QA committee to be evaluated each semester. Concurrent monitoring has led to improvement in areas such as laboratory specimen labeling, patient chart documentation, and patient satisfaction.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

The impact of a pediatric practice on hospital admissions in a rural area.

The establishment of a two-man pediatric practice in a rural area of New Mexico was followed by a decrease in hospital admissions of children and an increase in average length of stay. While other factors may have been involved, The reliance of the study region's children on pediatricians rather than family physicians for primary care may have contributed to the decline in hospitalization. Further research on the relationship between source of care and hospital utilization is needed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Halosimplex carlsbadense gen. nov., sp. nov., a unique halophilic archaeon, with three 16S rRNA genes, that grows only in defined medium with glycerol and acetate or pyruvate.

A halophilic archaeon has been isolated from unsterilized salt crystals taken from the 250-million-year-old Salado formation in southeastern New Mexico. This microorganism grows only on defined media supplemented with either a combination of acetate and glycerol, glycerol and pyruvate, or pyruvate alone. The archaeon is unable to grow on complex media or to use carbohydrates, amino acids, fats, proteins, or nucleic acids for growth. Unlike other halophilic microbes, this organism possesses four glycolipids, two of which may be novel. The microbe is unique in that it has three dissimilar 16S rRNA genes. Two of the three genes show only 97% similarity to one another, while the third gene possesses only 92%-93% similarity to the other two. Inferred phylogenies indicate that the organism belongs to a deep branch in the line of Haloarcula and Halorhabdus. All three lines of taxonomic evidence: phenotype, lipid patterns, and phylogeny, support creation of a new genus and species within the halophilic Archaea. The name suggested for this new genus and species is Halosimplex carlsbadense. The type strain is 2-9-1(T) (= ATCC BAA-75 and JCM 11222) as written in the formal description.

Acetates↗

PubMed2006

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas spp. isolated from environmental sources.

Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that cause serious infections in both poikilothermic and endothermic animals, including humans. Clinical isolates have shown an increasing incidence of antibiotic and antimicrobial drug resistance since the widespread use of antibiotics began. A total of 282 Aeromonas pure cultures were isolated from both urban and rural playa lakes in the vicinity of Lubbock, Texas, and several rivers in West Texas and New Mexico. Of these, at least 104 were subsequently confirmed to be independent isolates. The 104 isolates were identified by Biolog and belonged to 11 different species. The MICs of six metals, one metalloid, five antibiotics, and two antimicrobial drugs were determined. All aeromonads were sensitive to chromate, cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, cefuroxime, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. Low incidences of trimethoprim resistance, mercury resistance, and arsenite resistance were found. Dual resistances were found in 5 of the 104 Aeromonas isolates. Greater numbers of resistant isolates were obtained from samples taken in March versus July 2002 and from sediment versus water. Plasmids were isolated from selected strains of the arsenite- and mercury-resistant organisms and were transformed into Escherichia coli XL1-Blue MRF'. Acquisition of the resistance phenotypes by the new host showed that these resistance genes were carried on the plasmids. Mercury resistance was found to be encoded on a conjugative plasmid. Despite the low incidence of resistant isolates, the six playa lakes and three rivers that were sampled in this study can be considered a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes.

Aeromonas↗

PubMed2001

Analysis of swainsonine: extraction methods, detection, and measurement in populations of locoweeds (Oxytropis spp.).

An analytical method has been developed to measure the locoweed toxin, swainsonine, in locoweed plant material. Dry ground plant samples were extracted using a small-scale liquid/liquid extraction procedure followed by isolation of the swainsonine by solid phase extraction with a cation-exchange resin. Detection and quantitation of the swainsonine were accomplished using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS(2)). The limit of quantitation was estimated to be 0.001% swainsonine by weight in dry plant material, which corresponds to the lower threshold for toxicity of locoweeds. The method of analysis was applied to the analysis of Oxytropis sericea (white locoweed) and Oxytropis lambertii (Lambert locoweed) plant samples to measure the variability of individual plant swainsonine levels within populations and within species. Individual plant variability was found to be highly significant for both O. sericea and O. lambertii populations. The combined three-year mean swainsonine values taken from three populations of O. sericea ranged from 0.046% in Utah to 0.097% in a New Mexico population. Sixteen individual populations of O. lambertii were sampled from eight different U.S. states. Swainsonine was detected at levels >0.001% in only 5 of the 16 collection sites. Those populations of O. lambertii found to contain higher swainsonine levels were restricted to the most southern and western portion of its distribution, and all were identified as belonging to var. bigelovii, whereas var. articulata and var. lambertii samples contained swainsonine at levels <0.001%.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2005

The safety net of the safety net: how federally qualified health centers "subsidize" Medicaid managed care.

In this article, I examine the impact of neoliberalism and welfare reform on the delivery of Medicaid, specifically how the advent of Medicaid managed care (MMC) has been wrought with contradictions, placing increased burdens on primary safety-net organizations and impacting the many communities they serve. I argue that federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) operate as a primary safety net among safety-net providers, supporting and subsidizing New Mexico's MMC program financially and administratively. By presenting ethnographic data, I will demonstrate how FQHCs pay many of the hidden financial and institutional costs of the shift to managed care. Such findings uncover paradoxes inherent to neoliberal ideologies and privatization, raising questions about the efficacy of a managed care system for Medicaid as well as the future of the health care safety net and access to health care for the diverse populations it serves.

Financing, Government↗