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PubMed1990

[Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ricinus in The Netherlands].

In a 1989 surveillance to study the infection rate of Ixodes ricinus ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi, a total of 1838 nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from 20 locations in The Netherlands. By means of a culture method using modified Barbour-Kelly-Stoenner medium nymphs were examined in pools of 4 and adults were examined individually. With 63 out of 75 isolates propagation and serological identification were possible. All of these 63 isolates were identified as Borrelia burgdorferi by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In nymphs the minimal infection rate was 2.4%. The rate of infection for adults was shown to be 14.3%. These results are in agreement with the percentages found by other investigators in West-Europe. In all locations examined Ixodes ricinus were found to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, although the infection rate varied. The results indicate that the infection is widespread among ticks in The Netherlands and the potential risk of acquiring Lyme borreliosis after a tick bite is serious.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Suicidal behavior in jails and prisons in The Netherlands: incidence, characteristics, and prevention.

In most countries, the incidence of suicidal behavior in correctional institutions is higher than in the population at large. In the current study, information was processed on 44 completed suicides (that occurred during the period 1973-1984) and on 198 attempted suicides (1980-1984) by jail and prison inmates in The Netherlands. Demographic, legal, and medical data for victims were compared to similar data for nonsuicidal inmates. Twenty-five inmates who had recently attempted suicide were interviewed, as well as 26 correctional officers and staff members. The majority of suicide completers died by hanging; most attempted suicides were performed impulsively by cutting wrists. Suicidal crises often occurred during the first period of confinement. Inmates born outside The Netherlands and long-term prisoners were high-risk groups. The incarceration of alcohol and/or drug abusers was a complicating issue. Correctional officers and prison staff often viewed suicide attempts as manipulative gestures, although this only partially reflected inmates' true intentions. Several preventive measures are discussed, with special consideration of the identification of suicide risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The changed picture of schistosomiasis in The Netherlands].

Schistosomiasis is a very frequent import infection in the Netherlands. The serotesting for schistosomiasis in Leyden affords reasonable insight into the prevalence of this import infection among different groups of the population in the Netherlands. Out of 3032 serum samples submitted in the period from 1983 to April 1986, 40% was positive. Most people with positive serum tests were of Surinam origin. Currently, there is a shift toward more infections among Dutch travellers. Many of these patients have high IFA titres indicating a recently incurred infection. Often no ova are found in spite of positive serotest: this phenomenon was seen in 36% of the Dutch travellers and in 48% of the Surinam people.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMed1989

Cost containment and physician payment methods in The Netherlands.

Cost containment in the Netherlands has been partly achieved by negotiated agreements between insurers and physician associations. The negotiating system in the Netherlands involves the determination of capitation and fee-for-service rates, based on negotiated norms for personal remuneration, practice costs, and practice size. Physician practice patterns are monitored in an effort to control volume. Selected aspects of the negotiating structure could be adopted by Medicare and HMOs to clarify issues in negotiations with physicians and to reimburse physicians more equitably. However, establishment of standardized fees and volume monitoring may not be as effective as global expenditure controls.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1989

[The development of the dental profession in The Netherlands in the beginning of the 19th century].

In 1798 the French occupational forces in the Netherlands abolished all guilds. This created a vacuum for the Dutch dentists in the field of dental education, examination and controlling the dental practitioners, because this belonged to the task of the guilds. New legislation in 1804 filled this vacuum only partially and until 1865 there was no sufficient legislation for the dental profession. A brief survey about the social and educational situation of the profession can give the beginning of an answer to the question why the legislation payed no attention to the dentists. In 1865 dentistry became a part of general medicine and could only be practiced by physicians. In 1876 a threatening shortage of dentists resulted in a new law in which the dentist again received his place in health care. In the same year the first dental school in the Netherlands was founded and from that time the dental profession started to develop.

History of Dentistry↗
PubMed1988

[Prevalence of FTLV (feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus) infections in cats in The Netherlands and in West Germany].

The prevalence in the Netherlands and the Free Republic of Germany (FRG) of the newly discovered retrovirus of cats, which causes an immunodeficiency syndrome in this species and is termed feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus (FTLV), was estimated by conducting a serological survey among cats with different histories of disease. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Petcheck, Agritech Trademark, Portland, USA) 265 samples of cats with chronic disease symptoms, and 78 samples of clinically healthy cats in the Netherlands, and 138 samples of cats with chronic disease symptoms in the FRG, were tested for the presence of FTLV-specific antibodies. All these samples had been taken from cats which were negative for FeLV antigen in the immunofluorescence test. In the groups of chronically ill animals 18 (7%) and 6 (4.5%) seropositive animals were found respectively, whereas in the group of clinically healthy cats no seropositive animals could be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The rabies situation in The Netherlands.

From time to time the Netherlands are confronted with sylvatic rabies. The last time was in December 1986. The distribution of sylvatic rabies is restricted to certain areas: mainly the northeast and the south. Rabies is considered not to be endemic in the Netherlands. Oral vaccination is at the moment not under discussion. Since August 1986 examination on bat rabies has started. In 1987 81 out of 1150 bats were found to be positive. The epidemiology of this type of rabies is still unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Are preventive home visits to the elderly by district nurses sensible? The debate in The Netherlands and research abroad].

There has been a tradition of preventive home visiting to the elderly by Public Health Nurses for quite a time. There is no agreement as to the effect of these visits; until now no study has been performed on this topic in the Netherlands. Studies from other countries suggest a positive effect: viz. a reduction in mortality and hospital admissions. Recommendations for a replication study in the Netherlands are made.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Psychology of ageing. An overview of research in the Netherlands.

This review is dedicated to psychogerontology in the Netherlands, allowing systematic attention to the development of this discipline. It also offers an opportunity to describe the views which have been developed in psychogerontology in the course of time. Next a number of subjects concerning the older individual are dealt with, followed by a review of psychogerontological instruments developed in the Netherlands. Finally attention is paid to research into intervention-gerontology and to longitudinal research. This contribution concludes with a brief summary of current research and some future perspectives.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Biomedical gerontology in the Netherlands.

In this review a brief historical view on biomedical gerontological research in the Netherlands is given. In the sixties and seventies this research, started in 1953, was mainly done at the TNO Institute for Experimental Gerontology and devoted to the topics pathology, immunology and organ and cell physiology (mainly the liver). Current research mainly concentrates on the brain, the immune system, the liver, the cardiovascular system, the locomotor system and the eye. It can be concluded that due to the SOOM (Steering Committee for Research on Aging) and ZWO (Fundamental Scientific Research) the amount and quality of biomedical gerontological research in the Netherlands has greatly increased. It is hypothesized that in the near future no spectacular developments are to be expected. Nevertheless, in the long term, on the basis of advances in molecular biology, the mechanisms of the aging process may be elucidated. Consequently, pathological changes can be recognized so that diagnosis, prevention or therapy may be possible. Especially, the prevention or therapy of the Alzheimer's disease or of osteoporosis looks promising.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[The Department of Geriatrics in The Netherlands. A comment on the advice of the National Council for Public Health and the College for Hospital Provisions concerning departments of geriatrics in general hospitals].

In September 1987 the central advisory bodies for the Dutch health care system issued their advisory report on the further development of departments of geriatric medicine in general hospitals in the Netherlands. The report is awaiting judgement by the Dutch government. The lack of training capacity seems the main problem for the future of geriatric medicine in the Netherlands. Short-term plans aim to strengthen the six existing general hospital departments of geriatric medicine, to increase their training capacity and to enhance their influence by giving them 'satellite-functions' such as satellite-out patient clinics and satellite-consultations. Long-term plans are to set up departments of geriatric medicine in university hospitals, in order to further stimulate training, teaching and research. The authors favour a faster development of university hospital departments of geriatric medicine.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and laboratory features of sickle cell disease in The Netherlands.

Out of about 200 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the Netherlands, 6% are non-negroid patients from Turkey. 83 were assessed clinico-haematologically regarding the type of SCD, ethnic origin, concurrent alpha-thalassaemia (alpha-thal), and type of sickle cell gene (beta S-chromosome). 54 patients had homozygous sickle cell (SS), 1 sickle cell haemoglobin D (SD) Punjab, 5 sickle cell beta o-thalassaemia (S beta o-thal), 5 sickle cell beta +-thalassaemia (S beta +-thal) and 18 sickle cell haemoglobin C (SC) disease. 14% of the 83 patients were from Turkey, the others were of West Indian and African origin, most (73%) of whom were from Surinam. The Netherlands may be the only country in the world where non-negroid SCD patients are present in such a proportion to negroid SCD patients. alpha-thal was detected in 16 patients and in 14 of their relatives with sickle cell trait. Four main types of beta S-chromosomes were identified: Benin, Central African Republic, Senegal and Saudi Arabia types. SS and S beta o-thal disease ran a more severe course than S beta +-thal and SC disease. No clinical difference was ascribable to ethnic origin, alpha-thal or HbF-level but in each ethnic group there were some patients with a remarkably mild course of SS disease, which was related to the type of beta S-chromosome. These were the Senegal and Saudi Arabia beta S-chromosomes. Proper differentiation between genotypes is of prognostic and therapeutic relevance, especially in SC disease as it is sometimes discovered too late.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Costs of MRI. A calculation for the Netherlands.

A calculation of the costs of magnetic resonance (MR) using a machine with a field strength of 0.5 and 1.5 T is presented for the Netherlands. The costs per patient are 1,000 Dfl. and approximately 1,200 Dfl., respectively. Because the total number of MRI facilities in the Netherlands is strictly limited, also the costs of scientific research in the field of MRI have to be taken into account. It is possible to calculate the hourly costs of research on a time-sharing basis for a 1.5-Tesla machine. Combining patient care and scientific research on one machine has a reciprocal influence on the costs.

Capital Expenditures↗
PubMed1986

Genetically significant diagnostic X-ray dose in The Netherlands.

An updated genetically significant X-ray dose (GSD) for The Netherlands is presented. A comparison is made between sets of gonadal doses from The Netherlands, France, Sweden and the USA. A 1980 (Dutch) frequency distribution of diagnostic X-ray examinations served to calculate the GSD with these four sets of doses yielding 0.23, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.09 mSv, respectively. A reduction of the Dutch GSD appears possible.

Female↗
PubMed1986

A comparison between the organization of obstetrics in Denmark and The Netherlands.

A comparison was made between two types of obstetric organization: total hospitalization as in Denmark, and a system that allows a choice between hospital and home delivery, provided there are no medical contra-indications, as in The Netherlands. Until the end of the 1950s, the current Dutch view prevailed in Denmark; Denmark changed its organization in the late 1960s and followed the international preference for total hospitalization. This change was not caused by disappointing obstetric results, nor was it the result of strong pressure from pregnant women. The change was associated with a considerable increase in instrumental deliveries. In both countries the perinatal mortality rate decreased continuously but in Denmark the improvement in early neonatal mortality was slightly faster. This difference may have occurred because of insufficient referral in The Netherlands of high-risk pregnancies and deliveries to the fully equipped obstetric departments. The Dutch acceptance of a high proportion of home-confinements is unlikely to be the explanation.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1986

[Incidence of cheilognathopalatoschisis in the Netherlands].

Until now, data on the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate in the Netherlands are scarcely available. For this study data were used from the National Medical Registration (NMR) and the National Obstetric Registration (NOR) over the years 1982 and 1983. Only children born in a general hospital have been registered. In the years 1982 and 1983 the NMR registered 295 children with the malformation just mentioned. The incidence calculated from these figures is between 1,38 and 1,77. The age distribution of mothers with a child with a cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) was compared to the total group of mothers. No correlations were found between the age of the mother and the birth of a CLP-child. The necessity of an accurate registration of congenital malformations in general in the Netherlands is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Saudi Arabian type of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in the Netherlands: a case report.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an imported disease in the Netherlands. The diagnosis of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in almost all patients has been made in the country of origin or soon after arrival or birth in the Netherlands. This also applies to patients with sickle cell beta zero-thalassaemia (S beta zero thal) disease. We report a patient from Turkey whose haemoglobinopathy posed diagnostic difficulties with regard to the type of SCD, which appeared to be benign Saudi Arabian type of SS disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Rabies prevention in the Netherlands. Study on the ingestion of bait by foxes].

A review of the history of the rabies situation in Europe, and specifically The Netherlands, is followed by a discussion of the measures so far adopted to control rabies among foxes. The ingestion of bait by foxes is then studied in view of possible oral vaccination against rabies. The Veluwe, situated in the middle of The Netherlands, was selected as a trial field. Boars live next to foxes here, and their food is comparable. Over sixty per cent of the foxes studied took the bait. Oral rabies vaccination can therefore also be carried out in foxes in the Veluwe area if required.

Animals↗