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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Host-seeking activity of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) near Yankeetown, Florida.

The diel, seasonal, and lunar host-seeking periodicity of Culicoides mississippiensis, C. floridensis, C. barbosai, and C. furens was studied near Yankeetown, Florida. Culicoides mississippiensis was the only species active during all seasons. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) individuals sought a blood meal when the moon was full than when the moon was in some other phase. Culicoides floridensis, the species with the shortest wing length, did not attack when the wind speed exceeded 9 km/h, and C. mississippiensis, the species with the greatest wing length, did not attack when the wind speed exceeded 17 km/h.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Births, fertility, rhythms and lunar cycle. A statistical study of 5,927,978 births].

Is there any relationship between the times when babies are born and the synodic lunar cycle? There are published works that show that there is such a relationship. We have looked at 5,927,978 French births occurring between the months of January 1968 and the 31st December 1974. Using Fourier's spectral analysis we have been able to show that there are two different rhythms in birth frequencies: --a weekly rhythm characterised by the lowest number of births on a Sunday and the largest number on a Tuesday: --an annual rhythm with the maximum number of births in May and the minimum in September-October. A statistical analysis of the distribution of births in the lunar month shows that more are born between the last quarter and the new moon, and fewer are born in the first quarter of the moon. The differences between the distribution observed during the lunar month and the theoretical distribution are statistically significant.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

[Tidal and lunar rhythms (author's transl)].

Behavioral and developmental rhythms of some species inhabiting the intertidal zone of sea-coasts as well as some species of tropical lakes and forests have adapted to environmental cycles which are determined by the moon (the semi-diurnal tides, the semi-monthly cycle of springs and neaps, and the changes in moon-light during the night). The underlying timing mechanisms of these tidal and lunar rhythmus are of different kinds. Some of them belong to the oscillating types of physiological clocks (circa-tidal oscillator, circa-semilunar and circa-lunar oscillator), others may represent an hour-glass type (resulting in a single programming), or they are based on a stochastically influenced control of the duration of activity and rest. The combination of a circa-semilunar oscillator with a circadian oscillator enables an intertidal organism to synchronize its rhythms with an environmental situation which reoccurs only every 15 days at the same time of day (1.3., low-water phase of spring tides). The speculations on true lunar rhythms in humans are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Lunar association with suicide.

Suicides in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, for 1972--1975 are tabulated by year, month of year, day of week, lunar phase, and holiday occurrence. Only lunar phase demonstrates a significant (p less than .01) variation in suicide rate; an increase is observed in this sample with respect to new moon phase but not for full moon phase. Explanations for this finding are considered, but the precise reasons remain unknown.

Body Water↗
PubMed1978

Human aggression and the lunar synodic cycle.

Data on five aggressive and/or violent human behaviors were examined by computer to determine whether a relationship exists between the lunar syndoic cycle and human aggression. Homicides, suicides, fatal traffic accidents, aggravated assaults and psychiatric emergency room visits occurring in Dade County, Florida all show lunar periodicities. Homicides and aggravated assaults demonstrate statistically significant clustering of cases around full moon. Psychiatric emergency room visits cluster around first quarter and shows a significantly decreased frequency around new and full moon. The suicide curve shows correlations with both aggravated assaults and fatal traffic accidents, suggesting a self-destructive component for each of these behaviors. The existence of a biological rhythm of human aggression which resonates with the lunar synodic cycle is postulated.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

The Bardet-Biedl syndrome is characterized by five main features: obesity, polydactyly, pigmentary retinopathy, mental deficiency and hypogonadism; recently a sixth feature, renal disease, has been described. It was formerly known as the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, but Laurence and Moon described a different entity in which the main feature was paraplegia. Fourteen cases have been seen: all had pigmentary retinopathy which, in most cases, was severe and tended to affect central vision early in life. All had subnormal intelligence, twelve were obese, ten had polydactyly, eight hypogonadism, and two had renal disease. The condition was thought to be rare, but this may have been due to the failure to diagnose incomplete or partial cases. It is suggested that the prevalence is 1:160 000 of the population.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Temporal fat pad sign during corticosteroid treatment.

Hypercortisolism alters the distribution of body fat, causing truncal obesity, moon facies, buffalo hump, and other localized fatty deposits. In a patient with a mixed collagen vascular disease (overlap syndrome), who received high systemic doses of prednisone, prominent painless bitemporal masses developed in association with moon facies. Punch biopsy specimens of the lesion disclosed normal adipose tisue. This unappreciated feature of hypercortisolism is described, and other clinical manifestations of glucocorticoid excess involving fat tissue are reviewed briefly.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of coils and mats for protection against malaria vectors in Cameroon].

The evaluation of the effectiveness of coils and mats on mosquitoes, especially malaria vectors was carried out in the Southern Cameroon. The study was performed in the Nsimalen village from November 1993 to August 1994. Two brands of coils: Timor and Moon Tiger containing 0.15% W/W of esbiothrin and two brands of mats: ARS MATS (containing d-allethrin) and Moon Tiger (with S biothrin and diethyl-toluamide) were tested. The evaluation was based on night catches on human bait inside houses. A catcher was sitting at two meters of a coil or a mat. Mosquitoes were caught during five consecutive nights per month in five houses. Two of the five houses were protected with the coils, two others with the mats and the fifth was used as control. Each night, coils and mats were rotated in such a way that at the end of the five nights, each house has been protected twice with coils, twice with mats and had served once as control. The composition of the mosquito samples collected was analysed and the reduction rate of bites was calculated for each method. A thousand and twenty nine mosquitoes were caught in all. Two hundred and fifty nine mosquitoes in houses with coils, 180 in those with mats and 590 in the houses which served as control. Anopheles moucheti and Mansonia s.p. accounted more than 90% of the samples; Anopheles gambiae s.s. represented 4 to 9%. Coils reduced malaria vectors bites by 82.8% and mats by 90.5%. Mansonia bites were reduced by 66% only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Health care during prolonged weightlessness in humans.

The demands for accumulation of knowledge about the human adaptation to weightlessness of long duration and the implications for the health and well-being of the astronaut have become increasingly important also for the international space programmes which are under development. The health care during long duration space-flights starts already with the selection where professional, psychological and medical criteria are considered. Space flights in low earth orbit have not been extended beyond 1 year, so the predictable value for long term space flights is limited, because e.g. Mission to Mars will last from 1.5 to 3 years, depending on the position of the planets, the space vehicle etc. The long duration and the enormous distance covered will induce very special and until now unknown effects on the human psychology which might be seen as the one single major factor which might be prohibitive for such long duration flights. The Moon base will bring further knowledge useful for long duration space flights in the field of medical care in general, but also with regard to the development of countermeasures against the adverse effects of weightlessness on the human body. The Moon's gravitational field of 0.16 G makes it possible to study this as a threshold in the adaptation processes.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of environmental cyclicity on appearance of human brain functional asymmetry].

The indices of the brain functional asymmetry of 4373 persons, born in 1920-1984 were studied in connection with parameters of the environment during the periods of birth and conception. The trustworthy valuable seasonal and long-term variations of the brain functional asymmetry indices were discovered. Their correlation with the cosmo-physical fluctuations is maximum for the 10-year cycle of the oriental calendar elements and the month of conception. The leading factors of the environment are: the parameters of the interplanetary magnetic field; the long-period part's potential of the high-tide forming strength of the Moon and the Sun G; geomagnetic perturbation Kp; the joined location of the planets in relation of the Moon, the Earth and the Sun. The results trace the distinctly marked sexual dimorphism. The variability of the brain functional asymmetry appears to be the display of the human individuality diversity in time and is attended by the changes in the dominating type of the universe cognition in the society-logical, intuitive, sensual, combined. The long-term and century-old cycles of social development seem to be the consequence of this phenomenon.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of optical radiation on the migration of third stage larvae of Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum out of feces].

The influence of optical radiation on the emigration of third stage larvae out of faeces was investigated by exposing faeces containing infective larvae of Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum to broad-band radiation of a sun-simulating wavelength spectrum corresponding to a sunny day, a cloudy day, dawn, and a full-moon night, as well as to monochromatic radiation of different wavelength spectrum at dawn and to complete darkness. It was demonstrated that third stage larvae of O. quadrispinulatum were able to differentiate between daylight and darkness responding to different irradiances with very high emigration rates at irradiances corresponding to dawn, and significantly lower emigration rates corresponding to full-moon light, and darkness as well as a cloudy and sunny day. Infective larvae reacted to monochromatic radiation of different wave-length spectrum at dawn and showed significantly higher emigration rates at the violet, green, yellow, and red light wavelength compared to darkness.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of the distribution of human CD38 and of its ligand CD31 in normal tissues.

Human CD38 is a 45 kD ectoenzyme endowed with ADP-ribosyl cyclase and hydrolase activities. The molecule plays a central role in lymphocyte activation, proliferation and selectin-type adhesion with endothelial cells (HEC). A HEC surface molecule displaying all the features of a CD38L has been identified by means of a mAb (Moon-1), able to block CD38-mediated adhesion processes. The 130 kD molecule recognized by Moon-1 is CD31, a member of the Ig superfamily. This paper reports on the analysis of the surface expression of CD38 and CD38L in various human tissues of adult origin and compared in some instances to the fetal (9-14 weeks) counterparts. This was achieved by means of immunohistochemical techniques and analysis of purified cell populations. Among the specimens analyzed, CD38 is expressed by a vast array of cells of lymphatic origin as well as by the skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers, the bronchi (epithelial cells), the parotid gland (ductal epithelial cells) and hepatic sinusoids. On the contrary, CD31 proved constantly expressed by HEC at high levels, independent of the organ or tissue analyzed or of the kind of vessel. Other cells expressing CD38L were found in the lymphoid compartment (follicle mantle B cells and plasma cells), in the lungs (alveolar ducts, alveoli and lymphatic vessels) and in the kidney (glomerular cells). Interestingly, no fetal organ or tissue ever expressed CD38 and its ligand. The above results were enriched by the analysis of the expression of the two molecules on purified populations including mononuclear cells from the lamina propria of the gastro-intestinal tract and broncho-alveolar lavage lymphocytes.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed2003

Pott's paraplegia in patients with severely deformed dorsal or dorsolumbar spines: treatment and prognosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Pott's paraplegic patients with severe spinal deformity were reviewed retrospectively after being treated with chemotherapy and/or decompressive surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine the most appropriate treatment protocol and to predict the prognosis for Pott's paraplegics with severe spinal deformity. SETTING: Catholic University of Korea Medical Center and Moon-Kim's Institute of Orthopedic Research, Seoul, Korea from 1971 to 1996. METHOD: In this study, there were 33 patients (eight children and 25 adults), ranging from 13 to 56 years of age. They developed spinal tuberculosis at the age of 9 years (range, 2-29 years), and remained neurologically symptom free from an average of 16 years (range, 4-27 years). Four adults who responded well to treatment initially suffered relapses of paraplegia. Only six patients had previously received a full course of triple chemotherapy. Seven (two children, five adults) had healed disease, and 26 (six children, 20 adults) had active disease. Eleven cases had frequent drainage from the sinuses. Kyphoscoliosis was found in 11 patients: four children and seven adults. The remaining patients had kyphosis only. Among the 26 patients with active tuberculosis, 10 had triple chemotherapy itself and the rest had additional decompression surgery (10 anterior and six posterior). All seven patients with healed tuberculosis were subjected only to surgery (two anterior and five posterior). RESULTS: In seven patients with healed tuberculosis, surgery did not improve neurologically except in one child patient. In four patients, the severity of paralysis remained unchanged and two patients, deteriorated neurologically after surgery. In six children with active tuberculosis, there were remarkable neurological recoveries by either conservative treatment or surgical decompression. Seven adults with active tuberculosis recovered slowly, improving by one or two Frankel grades (three Frankel C, three D, one E). In 11 out of 13 surgically treated adults with active disease, paralysis that had persisted for less than 3 months gradually improved by one or two Frankel grades. One Frankel A and one Frankel B paraplegic patients who had paralysis that had lasted through 6 months did not recover after surgery. CONCLUSION: The neurological recovery of Pott's paraplegics with severe spinal deformity resulted in three different outcomes: (1) severe deformity is different from moderate and mild deformities; (2) patients with healed tuberculosis had poorer prognosis than patients with active tuberculosis; (3) children had better prognosis than adults. Furthermore, patients with paralysis persisting over 6 months did not recover neurologically after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Bardet-Biedl syndrome and related disorders.

The Bardet-Beidl and Laurence-Moon syndromes are distinct entities. The nosology of five syndromes combining ocular and/or auditory defects, mental retardation, genital hypoplasia, obesity, and digital anomalies is reviewed. A 32-month-old boy had an unusual condition that may represent a sixth entity.

Cataract↗
PubMed1994

Cardiac abnormalities in the Bardet-Biedl syndrome: echocardiographic studies of 22 patients.

The Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of polydactyly, obesity, tapetoretinal degeneration, mental retardation, hypogenitalism, and renal involvement. A high incidence of congenital and acquired heart disease was reported in the former "Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet" syndrome. However, since the establishment of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome as a separate clinical entity, cardiac involvement has not been evaluated in this disorder. We have performed echocardiographic studies on 22 patients with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome from three extended, highly inbred Bedouin families. In addition to previously reported congenital heart defects we have observed hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and dilated cardiomyopathy. Our findings of cardiac involvement in 50% of the cases suggest that echocardiographic examination should be included in the clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Chemical markers for bacteria in extraterrestrial samples.

Interplanetary missions to collect pristine Martian surface samples for analysis of organic molecules, and to search for evidence of life, are in the planning phases. The only extraterrestrial samples currently on Earth are lunar dust and rocks, brought back by the Apollo (U.S.) and Luna (Soviet Union) missions to the moon, and meteorites. Meteorites are contaminated when they pass through the Earth's atmosphere, and during environmental exposure on Earth. Lunar fines have been stored on Earth for over 30 years under conditions designed to avoid chemical but not microbiological contamination. It has been extremely difficult to draw firm conclusions about the origin of chemicals (including amino acids) in extraterrestrial samples. Of particular concern has been the possibility of bacterial contamination. Recent work using state-of-the-art gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has dramatically lowered the chemical background, allowing a clear demonstration that lunar fines are remarkably different from terrestrial dust in that they generally lack certain chemical markers (muramic acid and 3-hydroxy fatty acids) characteristic of Earth's bacteria. Thus, lunar dust might be used as a negative control, in conjunction with GC-MS/MS analyses, in future analytical studies of lunar dust and meteorites. Such analyses may also be important in studies designed to search for the presence of life on Mars.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Noradrenergic system in the chicken brain: immunocytochemical study with antibodies to noradrenaline and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.

A light microscopic immunocytochemical study, using antisera against noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), revealed the noradrenergic system in the brain of the chicken (Gallus domesticus). NA- and DBH-immunoreactive (ir) elements showed a similar distribution throughout the whole brain. The neurons immunoreactive for the monoamine were confined to the lower brainstem, the pons, and the medulla. In the pons, a rather dense group of cells was found in the dorsal, most posterior part of the locus coeruleus and in the caudal nucleus subcoeruleus ventralis. A few labeled cells appeared in and around the nucleus olivaris superior in the most caudal part of the metencephalic tegmentum. In the medulla oblongata, noradrenergic cells could be visualized at the level of the nucleus of the solitary tract and in a ventrolateral complex. Virtually all regions of the brain contained a rather dense innervation by NA- and DBH-immunopositive varicose fibers. Noradrenergic fibers and terminals were especially abundant in the ventral forebrain and in the periventricular hypothalamic regions. DBH-ir and NA-ir fibers, varicosities, and punctate structures could be observed in close association with immunonegative perikarya in several brain regions, more specifically in the ventral telencephalon, in the mid- and tuberal hypothalamic region, and in the dorsal rostral pons. Some perikarya in these brain areas were completely surrounded by noradrenergic structures that formed pericellular arrangements around the cells. The present study on the distribution of the noradrenergic system in the brain of the chicken combined with the results of a previous report on the distribution of L-Dopa and dopamine in the same species (L. Moons, J. van Gils, E. Ghijsels, and F. Vandesande, 1994, J. Comp. Neurol. 346:97-118) offers the opportunity to differentiate between the various catecholamines in the brain of this vertebrate. The results are discussed in relation to catecholaminergic systems previously reported in avian species and in the mammalian brain.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed2007

Photodissociation at 193 nm of some singly protonated peptides and proteins with m/z 2000-9000 using a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a second source for delayed extraction/post-acceleration of product ions.

A tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer was built for photodissociation (PD) of singly protonated peptides and small proteins generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. PD was performed in a second source after deceleration of precursor ions. The delayed extraction/post-acceleration scheme was used for the product ions. For the PD at 193 nm of small singly protonated peptides, the present instrument showed much better sensitivity and resolution for product ions than the previous one (Moon JH, Yoon SH, Kim MS, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2005; 26: 763) even though the overall spectral patterns obtained with the two instruments were similar. The present instrument was inferior in precursor ion selection and background noise level. PD was achieved for precursor ions as large as the singly protonated ubiquitin (m/z 8560.63), indicating that the photoexcitation is capable of supplying a sufficient amount of internal energy to dissociate large singly protonated proteins. As the precursor ion m/z increased, however, product ion signals deteriorated rather rapidly. As in the PD of small peptide ions with m/z around 1000, the types of the product ions generated from singly protonated peptides with m/z in the range 2000-4000 were mostly determined by the positions of arginine residues. Namely, a(n) and d(n) ions dominated when an arginine residue(s) was near the N-terminus while v(n), w(n), x(n) and y(n) dominated when the same residue(s) was near the C-terminus. In addition, d(n), v(n) and w(n) ions were generated according to the correlation rules previously observed in the collisionally activated dissociation. Isoleucine and leucine isomers could be easily distinguished based on the w(n) and d(n) ions.

Acceleration↗