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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Air temperature and humidity and human comfort index of some city parks of Mexico City.

A series of air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (HR) measurements were carried out in five urban parks and their surroundings in Mexico City. It was found that Ta is lower and RH is higher inside the parks. There were differences (P less than 0.05) between the parks and surroundings in air temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure (e), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and the thermohygrometric human comfort index (THI). Ta differences were more marked during the early afternoon. Maximum differences of Ta, e, and DPV were 5.6 degrees C, 0.6 and 1.2 mbar. There is strong evidence that the magnitude of differences in Ta are directly proportional to the surface of urban parks.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Radon in Norwegian dwellings and the feasibility of epidemiological studies.

The results of a pilot study on radon in Norwegian dwellings are presented together with a discussion on the feasibility of an epidemiological study on the correlation between lung cancer and radon progeny exposure in dwellings. There are large variations in the mean radon concentration in Norwegian municipalities, and the population average indoor radon concentration is high (80-100 Bq m-3). The large variations and high absolute values, together with excellent lung cancer and smoking habit data, make it feasible to conduct epidemiological studies based on representative exposure data in the Norwegian population.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1995

Physiological responses of growing large white boars in three management environments.

Growth and physiological responses in Large White boars were studied under three different management environments at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The management environments were shed with concrete floor (SCF), open space with concrete floor (OSCF) and open space with earth floor (OSEF). Two studies were carried out, one between December 1990 and March 1991 and the other from December 1991 to April 1992. Meteorological parameters in all management environments were monitored simultaneously with physiological variables. Growth of the animals was assessed by monitoring body weights of the animals. Data analysis showed that mean ambient temperatures, mean relative humidity and net radiation differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the management environments. Ambient temperature and net radiation of the pigs were highest (P < 0.05) in the OSEF environment, which also had the lowest (P < 0.05) relative humidity. Although growth rates did not differ significantly among environments, body weight was lowest (P < 0.05) in the OSEF environment. Mean respiratory rates and rectal temperatures were lowest (P < 0.05) in the SCF environment. The study shows correlations between some meteorological parameters and body weights. Pigs under shade and in concrete-floored pens were more comfortable and had higher body weight and lower respiratory rates and rectal temperatures.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

[Knee joint arthroses and work-related factors].

Occupational risk factors for arthrosis of the knee confirmed by x-ray were evaluated in a case-control study comprising 115 male and 86 females cases. Controls (95 men and 87 women) were free of symptoms of the musculoskeletal system. For both sexes age-adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Elevated odds rations were found in men working on their knees (OR 2.2), being exposed to vibrations of the upper limbs (OR 2.8), or adverse climatic conditions--humidity, coldness, or current air (OR 2.0). Men working in the metal industry or in other not further classified blue collar jobs also showed increased odds ratios (OR 3.2 and 3.1). In women odds rations were elevated for working in a standing position (OR 2.1) and for working with heavy tools (OR 6.1).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Influence of environmental temperature on in vivo energy expenditure in vitro ouabain-sensitive respiration in duodenal mucosa and liver in rats fed different levels of dietary fiber or protein.

Seventy two Wistar rats were used in two repeat studies to investigate the effect of environmental temperature (18 degrees C or 28 degrees C) and increasing levels of dietary fibre (low, 68 g/kg DM; medium 110 g/kg DM; high, 157 g/kg DM) or protein (low, 91 g/kg DM; medium, 171 g/kg DM; high, 262 g/kg DM) on digestive tract, visceral organ size, energy metabolism, and respiration attributable to Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in duodenal mucosa and liver. Total and ouabain-sensitive (a measure of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity) O2 consumption in vitro of tissues were measured polarographically using a Clark-style YSI biological O2 monitor. Whole body heat production (in vivo) was measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. The weight of the visceral organs was higher in rats housed at 18 degrees C than at 28 degrees C. The empty weight of the small intestine, caecum, and colon increased as the level of dietary fibre increased (P 0.05). Heat production as a proportion of metabolizable energy was higher (P < 0.05) at 18 degrees C than at 28 degrees C in the first experiment but this difference was significant in the second experiment. Rats fed the low protein diet had significantly higher (P > 0.05) heat production than those fed medium or high protein diets. Compared to 28 degrees C, environmental temperature of 18 degrees C caused an increased total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption in duodenal mucosa. There was no significant effect of environmental temperature on total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption in the liver. However, ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption in liver was significantly higher (P 0.05) when rats were fed a low protein diet compared to the medium or high protein diet. Total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption increased in duodenal mucosa of rats fed low level of dietary fibre compared to the medium or high dietary fibre diets. The in vitro results corresponded with the whole animal energy expenditure and O2 consumption in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A unique case of naturally occurring mummification of human brain tissue.

When skulls and bones were exhumed from a mass grave in Bulgaria and subjected to medicolegal examination they were found to originate from 39 humans aged 36-60 years old who had been buried approximately 45-50 years ago. Solid structures which strongly resembled shrunken human brain tissue were found inside 2 intact skulls. Among other bones 5 similar structures were found one of which was an almost entirely preserved human brain, and the others were fragments from different regions of the human brain. Samples of these structures were immersed in 15% aqueous glycerol solution to soften and were examined by light and electron microscopy. Samples of this material and of fresh human brain were subjected to elementary atomic spectral analysis. These complex studies indicated the samples to be naturally mummified human brain tissue and that this process had occurred due to specific conditions within the cranial cavities after burial.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Chemical and physical microenvironments at the Viking landing sites.

Physical and chemical considerations permit the division of the near-surface regolith on Mars into at least six zones of distinct microenvironments. The zones are euphotic, duricrust/peds, tempofrost, permafrost, endolithic, and interfacial/transitional. Microenvironments vary significantly in temperature extremes, mean temperature, salt content, relative pressure of water vapor, UV and visible light irradiance, and exposure to ionizing radiation events (100 Mrad) and oxidative molecular species. From what is known of the chemistry of the atmosphere and regolith fines (soil), limits upon the aqueous chemistry of soil pastes may be estimated. Heat of wetting could reach 45 cal/g dry soil; initial pH is indeterminate between 1 and 10; ionic strength and salinity are predicted to be extremely high; freezing point depression is inadequate to provide quantities of liquid water except in special cases. The prospects for biotic survival are grim by terrestrial standards, but the extremes of biological resiliency are inaccessible to evaluation. Second-generation in situ experiments which will better define Martian microenvironments are clearly possible. Antarctic dry valleys are approximations to Martian conditions, but deviate significantly by at least half-a-dozen criteria.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Primeval procreative comet pond.

It is speculated that life originated in a small, shallow body of water containing concentrated prebiotic organic feedstocks, inorganic compounds, and catalytic agents in a diversity of microenvironments. This pond was formed by an improbable, fortuitous soft-landing of a cometary nucleus, or fragment thereof, on the surface of a suitable planet with an atmosphere in an appropriate thermodynamic state, such as Earth.

Biopolymers↗