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Results for “MYDRIATICS”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Anterior segment complications of retinal photocoagulation.

Seven patients had anterior segment complications following xenon arc retinal photocoagulation. Irreversible keratopathy was induced in two cases; all patients showed evidence of iris injury. The absorption of radiation by the iris was considered the main factor in producing overheating of the anterior segment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

Acute glaucoma in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica).

Bilateral eyelid edema, chemosis, conjunctival injection and hemorrhages, shallowing of the anterior chamber with transitory myopia, and acute glaucoma were observed in three patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica). One patient had anterior uveitis with posterior synechiae. Two patients had congestion of retinal venules and retinal edema, and one patient had small retinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography revealed early leakage of the conjunctival capillaries and delayed filling of the lower retinal arterioles with retinal edema. The acute glaucoma subsided rapidly. The myopia disappeared slowly with a gradual deepening of the anterior chamber after onset of the diuretic phase of the illness. In nephropathia epidemica, the transitory shallowing of the anterior chamber, myopia, and acute glaucoma are due to lesions in the small blood vessels of the ciliary body, resulting in its swelling, with relaxation of the zonules and forward movement of the lens.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Mydriasis from Datura wrightii.

A 4-year-old girl had painless, uniocular mydriasis after picking flowers. Pharmacologic testing with 1% pilocarpine confirmed the probability that an atropine-like agent had been instilled in the affected eye. The flowers were identified as Datura wrightii and contained scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and atropine on thin-layer chromatography.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Use of dilute drug solutions for routine cycloplegia and mydriasis.

Clinic patients and students were given several regular drops of commercial 10% phenylephrine HCl, and 1.0% cyclopentolate HCl or 1.0% tropicamide HCl. The drops were given three times at five-minute intervals. Mydriasis and cycloplegia were determined and compared with the results obtained by using one of the following: microdrops (0.005 or 0.01 ml) of a mixture of 5% phenylephrine HCl and 0.5% tropicamide HCl, or regular drops of mixtures of 1% phenylephrine HCl, or 0.4% hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide with 0.1% cyclopentolate HCl, or 0.1% tropicamide in a vehicle of 1.6% or 1.0% methylcellulose 400, or artificial tears or lubricants (Absorbobase, Contique, Isopto Tears, Liquifilm, Lyteers, Ultra Tears). Except for an initial lag in the production of mydriasis with the diluted mixtures, the results were similar for all preparations. The diluted solutions produced little ocular irritation or tearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Contraindication to the use of ocular phenylephrine in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension.

We studied the effect of topical ocular application of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution in patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and in normal subjects. The normal subjects had no pressor effect to the drug. However, the patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, had a marked pressor response. The maximal pressor response in the four patients averaged 44/27 mm Hg. The usual 10% phenylephrine used in practice could have delivered a fourfold greater amount of drug, and presumably would have led to dangerously high blood pressure responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Leukemic iris infiltration.

A 7-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia developed iris infiltration, blood-streaked hypopyon, and high intraocular pressure. A diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis was performed, which provided a cytologic diagnosis. The aspirate was studied by both the millipore filter technique with Papanicolaou stain and a dried smear using the Wright's stain. Wright's stain provided more distinct cellular details. Irradiation of the anterior segment resulted in clearing of leukemic iris infiltration, hypopyon, and glaucoma.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

Mydriasis from topically administered phenylephrine HCl powder.

Microgram amounts of finely powdered phenylephrine HCl were administered to the conjunctiva of volunteers. A dose-response curve for white subjects showed a threshold mydriasis of less than 5 micrograms and a clinically useful mydriasis was obtained with one application of 50 micrograms. The time-response curve for the one time use of 50 micrograms of the powder was equivalent to giving three applications of 10% phenylephrine HCl drops. Twenty-five micrograms of pilocarpine HCl powder produced marked miosis. We investigated methods to deliver nonirritating microgram amounts of powdered phenylephrine HCl, pilocarpine HCl, and fluorescein.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cycloplegic refractions of premature infants.

Cyclopentolate refractions of 146 premature infants disclosed higher incidences of myopia and anisometropia than those reported for full-term infants. Also, more than 70% of the premature infants had I diopter or more of astigmatism; 83% of the astigmatism was against-the-rule. Infants with shorter gestational periods had more severe myopia and astigmatism. Infants born very prematurely should undergo follow-up refractions to determine whether they retain refractive errors large enough to interfere with visual function.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Thymoxamine reverses phenylephrine-induced mydriasis.

We performed a randomized double-masked evaluation of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent thymoxamine (0.1%) as compared to placebo for the reversal of phenylephrine-induced mydriasis. Topically applied thymoxamine reversed the mydriasis from a single drop of 2.5% phenylephrine in 36 of 40 eyes (90%) within one hour. The mydriasis was completely reversed in 25 of 40 eyes (63%). Eyes with blue irides responded more quickly and more completely than did those with brown irides. The 40 contralateral eyes, which had also been dilated with phenylephrine, remained dilated or dilated further after receiving a placebo eyedrop. Twenty subjects (50%) reported mild transient ocular irritation upon instillation of thymoxamine. Thymoxamine was useful in individuals with narrow anterior chamber angles who were at risk of acute closed-angle glaucoma following dilation with an adrenergic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Flurbiprofen sodium to prevent intraoperative miosis during vitreoretinal surgery.

To assess the efficacy of flurbiprofen sodium 0.03% at maintaining pupillary dilation during vitreoretinal surgery, we performed a randomized, double-masked, controlled trial of 139 consecutive patients. The mean decrease in pupil size during surgery in patients who received flurbiprofen was 0.9 mm; for patients who did not receive the drug it was 0.8 mm. The type of surgery performed (vitrectomy or scleral buckle), gender, age, lens status, and a history of diabetes or previous intraocular surgery were assessed and the addition of flurbiprofen to routine preoperative dilation did not significantly affect the mean change in pupil size for any of these subgroups. Of the nine patients who developed at least 3 mm of miosis, five received flurbiprofen and four did not. Use of flurbiprofen did not appear to reduce intraoperative miosis during vitreoretinal surgery in a clinically meaningful manner.

Adolescent↗