Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MMPI”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A comparison of professionally employed lesbians and heterosexual women on the MMPI.

The hypothesis tested is whether lesbianism implies psychopathology. The MMPI was given to 26 nonpatient lesbians who were professionally employed full time, and the results were compared to those for a group of 29 similarly employed heterosexual women. With the exception of the Sc scale, no difference was found on the clinical scales. The lesbian group achieved a significantly higher elevation than the nonlesbians on the Mf and Sc scales. Further analysis of the data on the Sc subscales indicated no difference on the pathological part of the scale, but rather a difference in degree of social alienation. Analysis of the data according to a second variable, living status, found significant differences and has important implications for future studies of the lesbian population. Single women, regardless of sexual orientation, scored significantly higher on scales K and Pa and on the Pa subscale naivete. A significant interaction between sexual orientation and living status was achieved on one scale, the F scale.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Assessing the effects of violence on women in battering relationships with the Keane MMPI-PTSD Scale.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-Keane Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (PK) has proven to be a reliable and valid measure of PTSD in combat veterans. However, few studies have examined the scale's validity in battered women, who often present with PTSD. Using empirically derived cutoff scores for the PK Scale, 69 battered women were assigned to PTSD-Positive and PTSD-Negative groups and then compared on measures of PTSD, distress, social support, and history of abuse in and out of the battering relationship. The PTSD-Positive group scored significantly higher across all measures of PTSD and distress, supporting the concurrent validity of the PK Scale in this population. However, the two groups differed only for the frequency of death threats, suggesting that the PK Scale is only mildly sensitive to the level of trauma exposure. Finally, lower levels of perceived social support were found in the PTSD-Positive than the PTSD-Negative group. Implications of these findings for the assessment of PTSD in battered women are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Automated classification of MMPI profiles into psychotic, neurotic or personality disorder types.

A Fortran program has been developed which can objectively classify Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory (MMPI) profiles as being psychotic, neurotic, personality disorder, or indeterminate types. The method used is a set of configural rules, 'Henrichs' rules for males'. The only input data required are K-corrected T scores, which are the end product of standard scoring techniques. To automate these rules it was necessary to rewrite them so that all decisions were the result of arithmetic comparisons or logical tests using only and, or and not. In particular, examination of the Welsh code, which many rules required, had to be stimulated by the use of several sorted arrays. The program has been carefully tested and is in the use in our computer lab.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1985

The value of the MMPI conversion 'V' in the assessment of psychogenic pain.

The conversion 'V' is a familiar MMPI pattern which is traditionally used as a clinical marker of psychogenic pain. The 'V' form is assumed to arise because conversion suppresses depression thereby lowering scores on scale D, and exacerbates physical sensations thereby increasing scores on Hs and Hy. An inverse relationship between scales Hs and Hy, and D is therefore expected. These assumptions were tested in 102 patients with low back pain and organic findings, and 93 patients with non-organic findings. The pattern of correlation among the three scales did not distinguish organic patients from non-organic patients in which conversion is assumed to account for pain. Scale D was not inversely related to scales Hs and Hy in the non-organic group as expected from theory. The findings do not support the use of the conversion 'V' as a clinical marker.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

MMPI state dependency during the course of bipolar psychosis.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles completed during unambiguous manic, depressed, and euthymic periods were compared in a sample of 22 bipolar (manic-depressive) patients, 13 females and 9 males, drawn from an outpatient psychiatry clinic; each patient was "multiplex-selected" in that each had a first-degree relative with a severe psychiatric disorder. Both the manic and depressed phase MMPIs revealed significant and prototypical signs of psychopathology corresponding with the clinical picture. In contrast, the mean remission profile was entirely within normal limits. At least in some individuals, bipolar disorder seems to be associated with complete restitution of normality.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Deviate P200 and P300 in non-patient college students with high scores on the schizophrenia scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were examined in 16 college students who had high scores on the Schizophrenia Scale of the MMPI (HSS) but were without a hereditary disposition for major psychiatric disorders. 32 sex- and age-matched college students were used as controls. Subjects whose T scores were higher than 70 were designated the HSS subjects. ERPs were recorded during an auditory oddball task. Although neither the P300 latencies nor the P200 latencies differed between the two subject groups, the amplitudes of P300 to rare stimuli and P200 to frequent stimuli were lower in the HSS subjects than in the controls. These results suggest that deficits, both in the P300-related cognitive function to rare relevant stimuli, as well as matching and/or the comparison process for irrelevant frequent stimuli, may be present in HSS subjects. The HSS subjects, especially those with a combination of P300 and P200 deficits, even though without a hereditary diathesis for schizophrenia, may constitute one type of high-risk group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

MMPI profiles of male and female migraine sufferers.

Among a sample of 40 severe migraine sufferers, males and females displayed common personality profiles. Both sexes exhibit heightened scores on those MMPI clinical scales associated with neuroticism (hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria). Female migraine sufferers were further characterised by elevated scores on the primary scales constituting the psychotic tetrad (paranoia, psychaesthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania). Migraine females appeared to differ from male patients with respect to a dimension associated with sex-role conformity (loaded on the L-scale and masculinity-femininity). The implication of these results are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neurotic tendencies among chronic pain patients: an MMPI item analysis.

Previous research has shown chronic pain patients to have elevated scores on the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), and Hysteria (Hy) scales of the MMPI. While high scores on these scales are generally considered to reflect neurotic symptomatology and emotional disturbance, their interpretation is more ambiguous within this patient population. Item-level and subscale analyses of these scales and the K scale (a measure of defensiveness) were performed in order to clarify the meaning of these elevated scores. In these analyses a pain group's endorsement of each item was compared with the responses of two control groups, one a general medical patient sample, the other consisting of first year college students. Items showing group endorsement differences of 10% or greater were interpreted as providing significant information about the pain sample. Analysis of the Hs items indicated that a significant portion of the pain group exhibited the vague and diffuse somatic complaining characteristic of hypochondriasis. While the D scale results revealed a considerable amount of depressive symptomatology (such as sleep disturbance, poor self-esteem, apathy, and feelings of unhappiness, anxiety, and dissatisfaction), they did not support the notion that pain patients have the personality characteristics associated with severe depression. Analyses of the Hy and K scales indicated that the pain patients were no more defensive than were either of the control groups, and that their responses did not conform to the classic hysterical pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The use of contemporary MMPI norms in the study of chronic pain patients.

In a previous study, Ahles et al. [1] compared the MMPI results of primary fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis and non-pain control participants. The purpose of the present study was to reanalyze the original data using the contemporary norms of Colligan et al. [5]. The reanalysis revealed that the pattern of group differences remained the same; however, the number of primary fibromyalgia patients classified as 'psychologically disturbed' was appreciably reduced. These data have clinical relevance in that the incidence of psychopathology in chronic pain patients may be overestimated because of the use of outdated norms. Additionally the data have theoretical relevance in that a large number of patients who present with pain in the absence of a known organic pathology do not present evidence of psychopathology.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

Risk of misinterpretation of MMPI Schizophrenia scale elevations in chronic pain patients.

Seventy-three chronic pain patients with elevated MMPI Schizophrenia (Sc) scale scores (T score greater than 70) were compared with 55 psychotic and 87 non-psychotic psychiatric patients with elevated Sc scores to examine group differences in item content patterns on the Harris and Lingoes subscales. Chronic pain patients evidenced lower scores on all Harris and Lingoes Sc subscales, except for the Bizarre Sensory Experiences subscale on which they scored significantly higher than the psychiatric groups. Results demonstrate that Sc is elevated in many chronic pain patients because they endorse somatic symptoms and items suggestive of depression and inertia, whereas psychotics endorse more items reflecting bizarre and disordered thinking, social alienation and defective inhibition, and non-psychiatric patients endorse more depression, despair, thought disorganization and social alienation. These data suggest that high Sc scores of many chronic pain patients reflect symptoms and sequelae of their physical problems, and do not necessarily reflect severe psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MMPI performance among women with bulimia: a cluster-analytic study.

Forty-two women, meeting criteria for bulimia, completed the MMPI. Cluster analysis of their scores revealed two distinct profile types. The first cluster, comprising about 64% of subjects, produced a mean profile in which only the Pd scale exceeded a t score of 70. In contrast, about 36% of subjects yielded a cluster-derived mean profile that was significantly elevated on many scales, including Pd, D, Pt, and Sc. The existence of these two very different subgroups of women with bulimia replicates previous work in this area and has potentially important implications for the description, treatment, and general understanding of those with this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

MMPI subtypes and antisocial behaviors in adolescent alcohol and drug abusers.

Relationships between psychopathology and alcohol, drug abuse, and other deviant behaviors were studied in a sample of 60 adolescents with exaggerated drug use patterns. Modal Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile subtypes were identified using multivariate analyses, and adolescents defined by profile type were compared on background and antisocial history variables derived from retrospective self-reports. Data were collected reflecting a variety of drug categories, including alcohol and opiates. Three distinct patterns were found, with 97% of adolescents meeting criteria for profile type assignment. Adolescent subtypes were characterized by significant differences in degree and type of psychopathology but not in antisocial features. Adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use were associated with marked antisocial features, but the more exclusively antisocial drug-using adolescents tended to be involved in earlier and more extensive types of alcohol and drug activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

MMPI profiles of cocaine-addicted individuals in residential treatment: implications for practical treatment planning.

The MMPI profiles of 268 clients presenting for residential treatment of cocaine addiction were examined. The results revealed clinically significant elevations on the Pd and Ma scales of this instrument. In addition, elevations approaching clinical significance were found on the D, Pa, and Pt scales. These results are discussed in terms of conducting treatment within the context of an Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous framework, as well as the implications for relapse prevention planning.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Detection of feigned head injury symptoms on the MMPI-2 in head injured patients and community controls.

MMPI-2 results from 39 moderately to severely head injured (HI) and 44 community volunteer (CV) participants given instructions to feign symptoms or answer honestly during an analog forensic neuropsychological examination were compared. No significant effects for HI or the interaction between the HI and instruction set (IS) factors were noted on either clinical or selected validity scales (F, Fb, Fp, Ds2, FBS). However, the main effect of IS was significant for both clinical and validity scales (median Cohen's d=1.34 and 1.39, respectively). Most validity scales were characterized by perfect specificity rates but low to modest sensitivity, whereas FBS had both moderate sensitivity and specificity. Logistic regressions showed that the F and Ds2 scales made a significant contribution independent of motivational tests to the identification of feigning during neuropsychological examination.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

MMPI-2 validity, clinical and content scales, and the Fake Bad Scale for personal injury litigants claiming idiopathic environmental intolerance.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) is a descriptor for nonspecific complaints that are attributed to environmental exposure. METHODS: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) was administered to 50 female and 20 male personal injury litigants alleging IEI. RESULTS: The validity scales indicated no overreporting of psychopathology. Half of the cases had elevated scores on validity scales suggesting defensiveness, and a large number had elevations on Fake Bad Scale (FBS) suggesting overreporting of unauthenticated symptoms. The average T-score profile for females was defined by the two-point code type 3-1 (Hysteria-Hypochondriasis), and the average T-score profile for males was defined by the three-point code type 3-1-2 (Hysteria, Hypochondriasis-Depression). On the content scales, Health Concerns (HEA) scale was significantly elevated. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic environmental intolerance litigants (a) are more defensive about expressing psychopathology, (b) express distress through somatization, (c) use a self-serving misrepresentation of exaggerated health concerns, and (d) may exaggerate unauthenticated symptoms suggesting malingering.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of DWI offenders with non-DWI individuals on the MMPI-2 and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test.

Two groups of driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) offenders with either one DWI offense or with repeat offenses were compared to a group of nonoffenders using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Demographic information was also collected regarding their prior legal history, family history, and blood alcohol level at the time of the DWI arrest. The results indicated both DWI groups had scored significantly higher than the comparison group on the K, Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) Scale, Over-Controlled Hostility (O-H) Scale, and MacAndrews Alcoholism Scale-Revised (MAC-R). The first offenders and multiple offenders did not differ significantly from one another. On the MAST, both DWI offender groups scored significantly higher than the nonoffenders. This time, however, the multiple offenders scored significantly higher than the first-offender group. Unexpectedly, the first offenders and multiple offenders did not differ with regards to blood alcohol level at the time of arrest. There were no significant differences noted with regard to prior legal history or family history of alcoholism for all three groups. These results are discussed with regard to assessment implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eating disorders and substance abuse in women: a comparative study of MMPI patterns.

Psychopathology was compared in women with eating disorders, women with alcohol or drug problems, and women with both an eating disorder and an alcohol or drug problem. Overall psychopathology, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), was greatest in the group with both an eating disorder and substance abuse problems. In general, the women with eating disorders resembled the substance abusers in terms of rebellious and antisocial behavior but differed from the substance abusers in being less hyperactive and experiencing more psychic distress. The differences that were found between eating-disordered women with and without substance abuse problems suggest that treatment interventions may need to be modified if the eating disorder patient has substance abuse problems as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Psychological assessment (MMPI-2) of male African-American substance-abusing patients with and without histories of childhood physical abuse.

Twenty-nine drug addicted patients in a VA substance abuse program with a history of childhood physical abuse were compared to 29 drug addicted patients without a history of childhood abuse, using the MMPI-2 as a measure of personality traits and functioning. Drug addicted patients with an abuse history showed psychological maladjustment on almost all measures and at greater levels of intensity and severity than the nonabused group. We conclude that drug addicted patients who have been abused represent a unique subset of the drug addicted population and may require targeted psychological treatment for residual problems associated with childhood abuse. This may then also improve the efficacy of substance abuse treatment as well.

Adaptation, Psychological↗