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The integration of complementary therapies into conventional medicine focuses primarily upon symptomatic care of the body with scant attention given to any interrelationship of the spirit and mind upon health and well-being.

We are pleased to continue our series of debates addressing topical issues currently under scrutiny in the field of complementary medicine. In selected issues, two people are invited to argue the case for or against a specific statement. In certain instances the position taken may not necessarily reflect the personal views of the authors. They have been asked to take a specific stance in order to stimulate debate and reflection about particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Transformative practices for integrating mind-body-spirit.

This paper explores the clinical use of transformative practices that arose from the varied religious traditions of the world. Examples include prayer, meditation, mantra, affirmation, tai chi, and yoga. The purpose of these practices was to lead the practitioner to long term spiritual transformation toward an enhanced awareness of spirit, and a corresponding diminishment of identification with the mental and physical aspects of life. Unfortunately, the vagueness of the definition of transformation demonstrates that it is a broad and diffuse multidimensional concept difficult to quantify and resistant to rigorous research. However, these spiritual practices, offered as interventions separate from their spiritual tradition, have begun to be evaluated to document their effect on psychological and physical well-being. Currently, there are a number of well-designed studies that attest to the health-enhancing and suffering-reducing benefits derived from religiously transformative practices. There also is research, although sporadic and mostly on forgiveness, slowly emerging to show that prosocial positive emotion skills can be taught, and when measured, demonstrate benefit. Randomized trials of transformative practices are needed to help all levels of the health care system focus their attention on the manifestations and effect of the care delivered.

Attitude to Health↗

The integration of mind-body-soul and the practice of humanistic nursing.

Nursing has shifted the focus of its praxis toward a commitment to holistic care. This holistic perspective suggests each nurse must bring an authentic self as the essential element of therapeutic participation with another human being. The art of the therapeutic use of self in relationships involves an aesthetic process of ongoing reflected action, whereby an individual strives toward a sense of harmony and balance within oneself and with the world. The artful use of self provides an opportunity for expansion and personal growth and actualizes the potential to expand the good of all.

Consciousness↗

Conscious mind--conscious body.

The incorporation of body awareness and touch techniques within analytic treatment is the main theme of this paper. Beginning with a personal experience of the oneness of body and psyche, the author considers Jung's observation of the physiological accompaniments of emotional reactions and his understanding of body as both shadow and ground. The author proposes a new model of analytic treatment that embraces both the verbal and imaginal as well as the non-verbal and somatic aspects of psyche. She describes the three elements of her approach: 1) reading what the body is saying about psyche; 2) using the body as an organ of perception; 3) using touch as a therapeutic tool. The effects of the taboo around touch are considered. Clinical examples throughout the paper demonstrate how somatic awareness and the use of touch promote the analytic process.

Adolescent↗

The roles of body and mind in abstract thought.

How are people able to think about things they have never seen or touched? We demonstrate that abstract knowledge can be built analogically from more experience-based knowledge. People's understanding of the abstract domain of time, for example, is so intimately dependent on the more experience-based domain of space that when people make an air journey or wait in a lunch line, they also unwittingly (and dramatically) change their thinking about time. Further, our results suggest that it is not sensorimotor spatial experience per se that influences people's thinking about time, but rather people's representations of and thinking about their spatial experience.

Adult↗