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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Treatment of multiple myeloma with an intensive 5-drug combination or intermittent melphalan and prednisone; a randomised multicentre trial. Finnish Leukaemia Group.

In a randomised multicentre trial a combination of methylprednisolone, vincristine, CCNU, cyclophosphamide and melphalan (MOCCA) was compared with intermittent melphalan and prednisone (MP) as primary treatment in multiple myeloma. In the MP arm the refractory or relapsed patients were treated with regimen MOCCA. The MOCCA arm produced a response rate of 75% among 64 patients and the MP arm a response rate of 54% among 66 patients. The median survival was 41 months in the MOCCA arm and 45 months in the patients primarily randomised to the MP arm. The initial response to MOCCA improved the survival, while this effect was not statistically significant in the MP arm. The results show that the median survival does not increase if aggressive chemotherapy is employed as the first line treatment in multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of multiple myeloma in old patients. Finnish Leukaemia Group.

Patients aged 70 yr or older with multiple myeloma were treated, when suitable, according to concurrent trial protocols for younger patients, with the exception that the cytostatic regimen was not allocated at random. Intermittent melphalan and prednisone (MP) was given as the primary treatment to 42 patients and 5-drug combination MOCCA to 68 patients. The groups were comparable with each other, and the distribution of the clinical stages of the patients was similar to the younger patients in concurrent trials. An at least 50% response was achieved in 33% (SE 7.3) with MP and in 75% (SE 5.3) with MOCCA. The median survival times were 39 and 32 months, the relative age-adjusted survival times 45 and 41 months, respectively. Advanced age as such is thus no contraindication for active treatment of myeloma, and in suitable patients the results compare well with those achieved in younger patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Feasibility of autologous bone marrow transplantation for early consolidation of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

In contrast to intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), patients with follicular lymphomas retain a poor prognosis in the long run. Several reports suggested that they are incurable by conventional chemotherapy. 10 patients with follicular NHL were autografted for consolidation of early remission. One of these patients treated in 1979 received the TACC regimen with unpurged marrow. The other 9 (8 in first, 1 in second remission) treated since July 1987 received the BEAM regimen followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) with marrow purged in vitro by mafosfamide at levels individually adjusted. There were no toxic deaths. 8 patients remain in unmaintained CR 15 to 43 months post-ABMT-2 are beyond 2 years. The patient autografted in 1979 has relapsed 9 yr later. ABMT is feasible with no indue toxicity for consolidation of follicular NHL early in first remission, as an alternative aggressive strategy. Further studies and a longer follow-up will be needed to evaluate its antitumor efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermochemotherapy for B16 melanoma: combination therapy of hyperthermia, melphalan, and CCNU in mice.

We studied, by means of quantitative histopathological methods, the changes that took place in B16 melanoma implanted into C57BL/6J mice after combination treatment of hyperthermia, melphalan, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). The studies were made on animals sacrificed on days 11, 18, and 25 after implantation. Tumors in treated animals showed a progressive delay in growth, a noticeably reduced number of metastases, and diminution of proliferative capacity. However, this treatment did not affect necrosis, stroma, capsule, or cell infiltration. Ultrastructurally, signs of cell damage were constantly present.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Stress and chemotherapy. Combined effects on tumor progression and immunity in animal models.

In mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma, rotational and restraint stress specifically increases the formation of lung metastasis, and restraint stress markedly attenuates the antitumor effects of cyclophosphamide. The aim of this investigation was therefore to examine the effects of restraint stress on tumor metastasis in mice bearing MCa mammary carcinoma, and on the effectiveness of CCNU and DTIC. Restraint stress increases MCa mammary carcinoma metastasis, causes a marked reduction in cyclophosphamide activity, and a minor attenuation of the effects of CCNU and DTIC. The possible occurrence of seasonal factors, observed for the increase by rotational stress of Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis, was also determined for cyclophosphamide effectiveness. The survival time of control mice is longer in February than in June, and is not appreciably modified by rotational stress. The effects of cyclophosphamide are similar in both seasonal periods, and are similarly attenuated by rotational stress. The seasonal effects of rotational stress, and the reduction of the effects of cyclophosphamide caused by rotational stress, are accompanied by corresponding variations in the number of CD3+ and CD4+ splenic T-lymphocyte subsets and in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, respectively. The reported effects of stress on tumor progression and on the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide thus appear to occur via modulation of immune responses of the host directed against the tumor. These data appear of interest for their experimental implications, and suggest the opportunity to consider the role that the stress during treatment may play in determining the effectiveness of clinical antitumor chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Francis Bacon as educator.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Interference with effects of amphotericin B on Candida albicans cells by 2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosoureas.

Two nitrosoureas, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), with strong carbamoylating and weak alkylating activities, interfered with the induction of potassium leakage and lethal action of amphotericin B (AmB) on Candida albicans. 2-Cyclohexyl isocyanate, the product of decomposition of CCNU, and 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, the product of decomposition of BCNU, also interfered with the anticandidal actions of AmB. In contrast, two nitrosoureas with weak carbamoylating and strong alkylating activities, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperydyl)-1-nitrosourea and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-glucopyranose, did not affect AmB action against C. albicans. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of CCNU and BCNU on the anticandidal effects of AmB is associated with the carbamoylating activity of these nitrosoureas.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1988

Gonadal dysfunction after treatment of intracranial tumours.

Ninety three children (51 boys, 42 girls) who had been treated for brain tumours not affecting the hypothalamopituitary axis, were studied for evidence of gonadal dysfunction. All had received cranial irradiation, 59 spinal irradiation, and 28 adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean age at treatment was 6.3 years (range 1.5-15). Mean follow up after completion of radiotherapy was 8.5 years (range 1-27). Primary ovarian damage occurred in seven out of 11 (64%) girls treated with craniospinal irradiation alone and in nine out of 14 (64%) of those treated with craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy. The association with spinal irradiation was significant. Primary gonadal damage also occurred in three out of four children treated with chemotherapy combined with cranial irradiation and in three out of nine boys treated with chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation but in no boy given craniospinal irradiation alone. The only common chemotherapeutic agent was a nitrosourea. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was found in seven boys, 5.8% of children of pubertal age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid dysfunction after radiotherapy and chemotherapy of brain tumours.

We investigated thyroid function in 119 survivors of treatment for brain tumours not involving the hypothalamo-pituitary region. Cranial irradiation did not effect thyroid function but 11 of 47 children (23%) who had spinal irradiation had raised concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone. Chemotherapy further increased the incidence of thyroid dysfunction: two of four patients who had cranial irradiation and chemotherapy and 20 of 29 patients (69%) who had spinal irradiation and chemotherapy had increased thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. Only six patients with raised thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations had low serum thyroxine concentrations. Four children had secondary hypothyroidism. Thyroid function should be monitored in children who have received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A rise in thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations is the most sensitive indicator of thyroid dysfunction. Children with raised thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations should be treated with thyroxine.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

A combination of chemotherapy (Cytoxan, vincristine, and CCNU) and radiation therapy was used to treat 37 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. There was 49% complete remission and an overall 76% objective response with an overall median survival of 12.5 months and 17 months for those showing a complete response. No serious morbidity was observed.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1979

Response to thoracic radiotherapy in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung after failure of combination chemotherapy.

Chest radiotherapy was given to 23 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung after development of progressive intrathoracic tumor on chemotherapeutic regimens. Treatment schedules were variable, with a median dose of 3,200 rad (32 Gy) in 10 fractions. Objective tumor regression within the radiation portal was observed in 12 patients (52%). Only 3/12 responders did not develop clinically detectable local tumor recurrence before death. Actuarial median time to local tumor progression was 2.5 months in responding and 3.5 months in nonresponding patients. Relapse of intrathoracic small cell carcinoma despite combination chemotherapy was not effectively treated by chest irradiation in the doses utilized. If sustained local palliation is required in this population, higher doses of radiation should be considered.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed2006

Cooperative activity of cytotoxic chemotherapy with antiangiogenic thrombospondin-I peptides, ABT-526 in pet dogs with relapsed lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Thrombospondin-I (TSP-I) is a natural antiangiogenic protein that enhances apoptosis of activated endothelial cells. A modified nonapeptide from TSP-I, ABT-526, has been found to be active in mouse cancer models and in dogs with naturally occurring cancers. To further assist in the development of ABT-526, we report herein on its evaluation in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in pet dogs with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ninety-four pet dogs with naturally occurring first-relapse NHL were entered into a prospective randomized placebo controlled double-blinded trial of ABT-526 plus CeeNu (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY) versus CeeNu alone. Endpoints included response rate, duration of response, time to progression, and incidence of toxicoses. RESULTS: No significant ABT-526-specific toxicities were seen. CeeNu-associated toxicities, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, gastroenteritis, and elevated alanine transaminase, were similar. No significant difference in objective response rate was seen (ABT-526 + CeeNu versus placebo + CeeNu, 23/49 versus 23/37; P > 0.25). Cooperative activity between ABT-526 and CeeNu chemotherapy was evident based on a significant increase in the median response duration of dogs receiving ABT-526 plus CeeNu compared with placebo plus CeeNu (35 versus 15 days; P < 0.05). The time to progression for responding cases was also significantly greater in dogs receiving ABT-526 plus CeeNu compared with placebo plus CeeNu (41 versus 21 days; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this preclinical trial suggest that the activity of ABT-526 is sustained when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy; furthermore, the activity seems to be associated with the maintenance of CeeNu-induced treatment responses. Further studies of TSP-I peptide antiangiogenic therapy in pet dogs and humans with NHL are warranted.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

Brachytherapy of brain tumors.

Temporary implants of high-activity 125iodine sources have been used in the treatment of brain tumors since December 1979 at the University of California, San Francisco. For previously untreated patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy followed by implant boost, median survival from the date of diagnosis was 88 weeks for 34 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GM) and 157 weeks for 29 patients with nonglioblastoma gliomas (NGM). For recurrent tumors treated with brachytherapy only, median survival from the date of the implant was 54 weeks for 45 patients with GM and 81 weeks for 50 patients with NGM. Finally, in 48 patients with recurrent tumors treated with combined hyperthermia and brachytherapy, median survival from the date of the implant was 46 weeks for 25 patients with GM and 44 weeks for 7 patients with metastases; 18-month survival was 65% for 16 patients with NGM. Brachytherapy appears to be a useful technique for the treatment of selected recurrent brain tumors and selected primary glioblastomas.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1981

Multidisciplinary treatment of medulloblastoma: a 5-year experience with the SIOP trial.

A 5-year experience of the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma with the SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) trial is presented. 33 eligible patients finally reduced to a total of 30 evaluative cases were treated with major surgical resection, extensive irradiation, and combined chemotherapy (vincristine + CCNU). The overall survival rate without recurrence was encouraging, and the actuarial survival rate is satisfactory. At follow-up controls, most of the patients showed a good performance status and a promising neurological stage. However, the problem concerning quality of life remains unsolved: morbidity and sequelae following high-dose radiotherapy and concomitant antiblastic treatment were noticeable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic factors in childhood ependymomas.

Between 1975 and 1989, 45 children with newly diagnosed intracranial ependymomas were treated at the authors' institution. Patients were managed with aggressive surgical resection, followed by postoperative CT or MRI scans to evaluate the extent of resection. Most patients received involved-field radiation therapy, however 10 were treated with craniospinal axis irradiation for disseminated disease, or malignant histology. Beginning in 1983, all patients were also treated with adjuvant chemotherapy with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), vincristine, and cisplatinum. Four patients died in the immediate postoperative period for an operative mortality of 8.8%. The 5-year progression-free survival for the remaining 41 patients was 36%. Tumor location had little effect on survival, as the 5-year PFS for supratentorial tumors was 26%, compared with 40% for the posterior fossa lesions (ns). Neither histologic degree of malignancy, nor use of adjuvant chemotherapy impacted on survival. The extent of surgical resection, as determined by operative reports and postoperative imaging studies, was a major determinant of outcome, as patients with total or near-total resections experienced a 5-year PFS of 60%, compared with 21% for children with partial resection or biopsy (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, vincristine, and cisplatinum does not improve progression-free survival in childhood ependymoma, and that the extent of surgical resection is a major determinant of outcome in this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sister chromatid exchange in human populations: the effect of smoking, drug treatment, and occupational exposure.

Increased rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes has been observed in smokers as compared to nonsmokers and in patients receiving certain cytostatic drugs. The increased SCE frequency in smokers was shown to depend on the number of cigarettes smoked per day, as well as on the duration of smoking. DNA cross-links caused by photochemotherapy against psoriasis, 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA irradiation (PUVA), as well as by the anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent CCNU, were shown to be more effective at inducing SCE's than other types of DNA damage caused by these treatments. These observations suggest that SCE analysis may be used as an indicator of genotoxic exposure in vivo, provided that the various types of DNA damage caused by genotoxic agents and the dose, as well as the time of exposure in relation to the time of sampling, are considered.

Crossing Over, Genetic↗