Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LEPTOSPIRA INFECTIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Rodent zoonoses in North Queensland: the occurrence and distribution of zoonotic infections in North Queensland rodents.

A study of potentially zoonotic infections was carried out on 351 rodents trapped in north-eastern Queensland. Their ecosystems included towns, agricultural and livestock areas, wookland and rainforest. Nine serotypes of salmonellae were obtained from asymptomatic carries in predominantly settled locations. Two strains of Ps. pseudomallei occurred in rainforest near Innisfail and one on a cattle property adjacent to Townsville. Ps. aeruginosa caused bronchopneumonia in one animal from Townsville harbour. Ifection by leptospirae of six serogroups and seven serovars were identified by serological or cultural examinations. Enzootic foci occurred on the Mount Spec rainforest where celledoni and australis were being excreted by rats adjacent to the Paluma dam system. In addition to the scrub typhus locations at Rocky Creek, Atherton Tableland and Bullocky Creek, near Ingham, which were confirmed, a new focus of infection by R. tsutsugamushi was identified at El Arish near Tully. Water rat (H. chrysogaster) at Townsville harbour constituted a reservoir of toxoplasmosis. In addition to the known human pathogenic helminths H. nana and H. diminuta, localized foci of hookworms (Ancylostoma spp.) were found. Histological evidence of cytomegalic disease of the salivary glands or kidneys was a common finding.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola: a causal agent of sow abortions in Arequipa, Peru.

An outbreak of abortions, stillbirths, mummified piglets and neonatal deaths in a pig herd in Arequipa, Peru is described. A total of 31 of 240 sows aborted between May and September 1988. When sera were examined 12 of 14 had very high titres of antibody to canicola PC125 and canicola Hond Utrecht, but there were also high titres of antibody to other leptospiral serovars. A detailed investigation was made and serovar canicola PC125 was isolated from the urine of four sows which had aborted and the kidney of one slaughter pig. Antibodies to various serovars of Leptospira were demonstrated in 11 of 17 sows which had aborted, two of six sows which had normal litters, nine of 18 boars, four of 39 slaughter pigs and four of 14 workers on the farm. The outbreak was brought under control by treatment and vaccination coupled with a thorough cleaning of the farm and control of the wild animal population. It is suggested that the infection was brought onto the farm by wild animals and that the disease is more common in Arequipa than was previously supposed.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenicity and protective capacity of leptospiral whole-cell monovalent serogroup Ballum vaccines in hamsters].

Leptospira serogroup Ballum is at present the first cause of human leptospirosis in Cuba. Killed whole-cell vaccines were formulated with two clinical isolates of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Ballum using aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Agglutinins levels induced by each vaccine in hamsters were estimated by microscopic agglutination test and specific IgG activities were quantified by a whole cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homologous and cross protective capacity against lethal and sublethal infection were determined in vaccinated animals by challenge with 100 and 10,000 LD50 of five virulent strains belonging to serogroups Ballum, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. Both monovalent serogroup Ballum vaccines were immunogenic and induced complete homologous protection in the animal model. Cross-protection was only significant in one of the two vaccines against challenge with 100 LD50 of serogroup Canicola. The results of this study demonstrate the high immunogenicity and protective capacity in hamsters of whole-cell monovalent vaccines formulated with two vaccine candidate strains belonging to the most prevalent serogroup of Leptospira in Cuba.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Omp52 is a growth-phase-regulated outer membrane protein of Leptospira santarosai serovar Shermani.

We report the expression and characterization of the omp52 gene of Leptospira santarosai serovar Shermani strain CCF that is isolated in Taiwan. omp52 was identified among pathogenic leptospires but not among non-pathogenic leptospires by using suppression subtractive hybridization in our previous study. With an open reading frame of 1371 bp that encodes 456 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 52.6 kDa, Omp52 was shown to be an outer membrane protein containing a C-terminal OmpA consensus domain and exposed on the cell surface. Furthermore, Omp52 increases dramatically during the stationary phase, indicating that the expression of Omp52 is environmentally regulated. By using immunoblotting analysis, we proved that Omp52 was expressed in human patients infected with leptospires. These observations suggest that Omp52 may play roles in the interaction of host cells and pathogens during infection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Antigens recognized by the human immune response to vaccination with a bivalent hardjo/pomona leptospiral vaccine.

Serum from volunteer subjects vaccinated with a bivalent whole cell vaccine of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo/serovar pomona grown in protein-free medium, was tested by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and immunoblotting. Specific IgM antibodies to either serovars hardjo or pomona were detected in some subjects as early as 6 days after vaccination with peak antibody levels occurring 13-68 days after vaccination. Whereas all subjects produced specific IgM to both serovars, not all produced specific IgG to both serovars. Immunoblotting with hardjo sonicate revealed that all subjects produced IgM antibodies reacting with the 15, 23 and 28 kDa components of hardjo lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and most produced IgM antibodies that reacted with the 34.5 kDa flagellar doublet. In contrast, not all sera immunoblotted against pomona sonicate reacted with the 29 and 35 kDa components of pomona LPS. However all subjects produced antibodies reacting with a diffuse 14.4-27 kDa band. These antibodies appeared early in the immune response. Serum from the one vaccinated subject tested protected hamsters from acute lethal infection with serovar pomona.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

Leptospirosis in horses in Ontario.

Sera from Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses in southwest Ontario were tested for antibody to seven Leptospira interrogans serovars (autumnalis, bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona), using the microscopic agglutination test. There was significantly higher seroprevalence of bratislava than of other serovars, in which prevalence was low. Seroprevalence of bratislava increased significantly with age; only 5% of two to three year old horses had titers greater than or equal to 1:80 compared to 52% of horses older than seven years. Eight of 16 foals from two farms seroconverted at low titers to bratislava between four and eight months of age. Leptospires were not detected by immunofluorescence and isolation techniques in 50 kidneys collected from horses at slaughter. Fetal tissues from 52 aborted horse fetuses were also examined by these methods and serovar kennewicki was identified by immunofluorescence and by isolation in one fetus. Serovar bratislava appears to be widespread in horses in Ontario but unimportant in abortion. The clinical significance of this infection in horses in Ontario is unclear.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2005

Generalized calcinosis cutis associated with probable leptospirosis in a dog.

A 6.5-year-old male German Shepherd acutely developed renal and hepatic disease. Serology revealed high concentrations of antibodies against Leptospira copenhageni, and a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis was made. The dog was successfully treated with antibiotics and supportive care over a 12-day period. Sixty-two days after the initial presentation, alopecia predominantly involving the dorsum and perineal areas developed. The skin lesions expanded over a 20-day period. Histology revealed generalized calcinosis cutis with follicular atrophy. An injection of 0.01 mg kg-1 dexamethasone suppressed serum cortisol concentrations. No treatment was given and lesions resolved over the following 30 days. This is the third case of generalized calcinosis cutis that has developed in an adult dog after severe systemic disease. Both previous cases developed calcinosis cutis in association with blastomycosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of generalized calcinosis cutis in an adult dog in association with a presumptive bacterial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Failure to demonstrate the maintenance of leptospires by house mice (Mus musculus) in the south east of England.

A total of 272 house mice (Mus musculus) were trapped in farm buildings at four widely separated locations of south east England and examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. Only two low titres to autumnalis antigen (1:20 and 1:40) were recorded and all mice were bacteriologically negative. The absence of leptospiral infection in the house mouse in south east England is an interesting ecological finding, as this species is a maintenance host for ballum in many countries and also a common carrier of several other serovars. The source of ballum infections in domestic stock in England remains unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The agglutinating and immunofluorescent activities of antileptospiral antibodies of human sera and of immunoglobulins M and G.

Microagglutinating and immunofluorescent activities of sera of nine patients with clinically diagnosed leptospirosis were investigated. L. grippotyphosa was found in seven patients, L. sejroe in one and L. icterohaemorrhagiae in one patient. The agglutinating activities of IgM approximated the activities of the whole sera. In five patients the agglutinating activities were found in IgG; in four of them two to three months after the onset of the disease, in one patient a month after its onset. In one patient only the activity of IgG reached the activity of IgM after six months. Immunofluorescent activity was found in IgG in eight patients two to five weeks after the onset of the disease. In seven of these patients the activity of IgG reached or exceeded the activity of IgM three to ten weeks after the onset of the disease. IFAT was found to be poorly specific because of high heterologous titres. In 5 out of 7 patients with L. grippotyphosa, heterologous IFAT titres were reduced or eliminated by carrying out the reaction with isolated IgM and IgG. However, in patients with L. icterohaemorrhagiae and with L. sejroe heterologous IFAT activity persisted in both IgM and IgG. The study points out the possibility of differentiating an early stage of the infection from convalescence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new methodological approach for leptospira persistence studies in case of mixed leptospirosis].

A new methodical approach for Leptospira persistence studies in case of mixed leptospirosis, based on the use of PCR test systems with different taxonomic specificity for the indication and identification of leptospires, was developed. Two PCR test systems (G and B) were used in experiments on BALB/c white mice to study patterns of the development of mixed infection caused by leptospires of serovar poi (genomospecies L. borgpeterseni) and grippotyphosa (genomospecies L. kirschneri). The conclusion was made of good prospects of this method application in studies on symbiotic relationships of leptospires both in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[In vitro and in vivo activity of tiamulin against leptospires (author's transl)].

The minimal growth inhibiting concentration of tiamulin, a derivative of the diterpen antibiotic pleuromutilin, was evaluated in vitro against 11 different serogroups of leptospira interrogans by twofold serial dilution technique, in comparison to tetracyclin, dihydrostreptomycin and tylosin. The range of the MIC values of tiamulin is between 0.07 and 2.5 microgram/ml and thus comparable to the activities of the standard antibiotics tested (see table 1). The chemotherapeutic efficacy (ED50) of the compound was examined in two experimental leptospiral infections of the Syrian hamster, in comparison to tetracyclin. Both compounds were administered orally for 3 days. In the L. canicola infection, the ED50 values were 103.8 mg/kg and 306.3 mg/kg body-weight for tiamulin and tetracyclin, respectively. In the L. grippotyphosa infection, the ED50 values amounted to 35.16 and 277.5 mg/kg bodyweight for tiamulin and tetracyclin, respectively. Based on these values, tiamulin in comparison to tetracyclin showed 3-8 fold higher efficacy in vivo after oral administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serological evidence of human leptospirosis in northern Greece.

a) 1069 human blood samples were tested for the presence of C. F. antibodies to leptospirae. 98 of these sera were from patients suffering from Weil's syndrome. 13 out of 98 patients were found to be suffering from leptospirosis; one of these died. 460 sera were from patients with febrile (acute) illness of unknown origin and 511 sera from patients with respiratory disease (especially "influenza like disease"). None of these patients was found to be suffering from leptospirosis. b) 191 human sera from healthy people at risk to leptospiral infection were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A high percentage (14.1%) was found to have antibodies against one or two leptospiral serogroups. The results obtained suggest that the incidence of leptospiral infections in humans in Northern Greece is higher than previously reported and the predominant serogroups were found to be Icterohaemorrhagiae followed by Autumnalis and Canicola.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

[Interaction of Leptospira with the host's body in the infectious process in guinea pigs].

In experiments on guinea pigs the pathogenicity of leptospires is manifested by their adhesion to liver cells, colonization of the surface of these cells, accumulation of leptospires in the renal interstice and their colonization of the nephrothelial surface of proximal convoluted tubules in the kidneys, by toxic microcirculatory disturbances, dystrophy and necrosis of nephrothelial cells. Then the primary toxic action of circulating leptospires, microcirculatory disturbances and hemorrhagic syndrome augment during the colonization of the surface of liver cells, accompanied by their dystrophy and dissociation, as well as by jaundice. The accumulation of leptospires in the renal interstice and their subsequent multiplication on the nephrothelium of the proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for the development of interstitial nephritis and necrotic nephrosis. The persistence of lesions in the liver and kidneys, occurring in some cases in spite of elimination of the infective agent from these organs due to increasing antibody production suggests the toxic action of immune complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo: an abortifacient in New Zealand? A review of the literature.

From experimental and clinical evidence, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo has been suspected as an abortifacient in cattle overseas. Early reports from North America and Australia described clinical disease with abortions occurring up to 12 weeks later associated with hardjo infections. Recent studies in the United Kingdom have found hardjo infections in nearly 69 percent of aborted foetuses from problem farms, and a prospective epidemiological study determined a relationship between hardjo infection and abortion on one property. In New Zealand, although the epidemiology of hardjo infections has been studied, little attention has been paid to the potential abortifacient role of this organism. In part this is due to the impracticality of using serology to diagnose infections that may have occurred months prior to the abortion. Future research to resolve this question should therefore revolve around hardjo isolation, cohort studies, and the examination of pathogenic mechanisms by which hardjo may induce abortion in cattle.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of eight rapid screening tests for acute leptospirosis in Hawaii.

Leptospirosis is a major public health problem throughout the world. Clinical recognition of leptospirosis is challenging, and the definitive serologic diagnostic assay, the microscopic agglutination test, is time-consuming and difficult to conduct. Various serologic screening tests have been developed, but their performance among ill persons in the United States has not been established. Eight screening tests were compared using 379 serum samples obtained in 1998 and 1999 from a series of 236 patients (33 with confirmed infection). The median number of days between illness onset and specimen collection was 9. The overall sensitivity, by specimen, for each test was as follows: indirect hemagglutination assay (MRL Diagnostics, Cypress, Calif.), 29%; INDX Leptospira Dip-S-Tick (PanBio InDx, Inc., Baltimore, Md.), 52%; Biognost IgM IFA test (Bios GmbH Labordiagnostik, Gräfelfing, Germany), 40%; Biolisa IgM ELISA (Bios GmbH, Labordiagnostik), 48%; Leptospira IgM ELISA (PanBio Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia), 36%; SERION ELISA classic Leptospira (Institut Virion*Serion GmbH, Würzburg, Germany), 48%; LEPTO Dipstick(Organon-Teknika, Ltd., Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 34%; Biosave latex agglutination test (LATEX; Bios GmbH Labordiagnostik), 86%. Test specificity ranged from 85 to 100% among all tests except LATEX, for which the specificity was significantly lower, at 10%. Test sensitivity was particularly low (<25%) for all tests (except LATEX) on specimens collected during the first week of illness. This is the most comprehensive field trial of leptospirosis screening tests reported to date. The data indicate that immunoglobulin M detection tests have limited utility for diagnosing leptospirosis during the initial evaluation of patients seen in Hawaii, a time when important therapeutic decisions are made. Improved leptospirosis screening tests are needed.

Acute Disease↗