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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

ASTM E31.15 on health knowledge representation: the Arden Syntax.

ASTM subcommittee E31.15 on Health Knowledge Representation was formed to promote standards for defining and sharing health knowledge bases. Its first standard, the Ardan Syntax, is focused on knowledge bases that can be represented as a set of independent modules called Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). The standard is in clinical use and has generated significant interest in industry and academics. The Extensions task group plans to extend the syntax where appropriate, to expand to other types of knowledge bases. The Validation/Verification task group is approaching the enormous problem of evaluating knowledge bases and the process of sharing them.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1997

Knowledge-based in vivo analysis of kidney concretions from digitized X-rays.

To make a right choice of a treatment approach in patients with nephrolithiasis it is very important for the clinicians to know the composition and structure of calculus. Conventional radiographic techniques and computerized tomography (CT) give information about the location and size of concretions, but not for their composition and structure. In the present study we investigated the gray-level values of chemical substances in concretions. It was established the appropriate X-ray exposure for subsequent image analysis. A method for intracorporal analysis of composition and structure of kidney concretions is proposed.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1998

Why discourse structures in medical reports matter for the validity of automatically generated text knowledge bases.

The automatic analysis of medical full-texts currently suffers from neglecting text coherence phenomena such as reference relations between discourse units. This has unwarranted effects on the description adequacy of medical knowledge bases automatically generated from texts. The resulting representation bias can be characterized in terms of artificially fragmented, incomplete and invalid knowledge structures. We discuss three types of textual phenomena (pronominal and nominal anaphora, as well as textual ellipsis) and outline basic methodologies how to deal with them.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2000

Clinical workstations supporting evidence-based medicine.

The application of the principles of evidence-based medicine is based on a rigorous analysis of clinical research tailored to the individual characteristics of a specific patient. Thus the physician must have information about the patient and about the latest results of clinical research simultaneously. We present a computer-based clinical workstation offering sources for both kinds of information: the current patient data is delivered by access to the electronic patient record and the results of research may be searched at the Internet, Intranet, or other online databases. Performing an evaluation study we are testing this configuration in the setting of a university hospital. The physicians are interviewed about their use of the single information sources and their consequences for clinical research and evidence-based medicine. We hope to show that in spite of some technical and methodological problems the clinical workstation is a promising tool for decision-making at the clinical workplace.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Not Available].

Along the 5000 years of human history, medicine and doctors are always present in all epochs and in all civilizations. In the early millinariums the doctor swings from magic to science; even nowadays supranatural and theurgic influences are present in some medical acts. In the IV century B.C. Hippocrates found medicine on observation and on reason; experimental method starts, yet with the limits given by rudimental techniques and the limitations bound to dogmatism and authority. From the XVII century on empirism replaces with difficulty metaphysics and induction substitutes deduction. In the XX century hypothetic-deductive, both based on the formulation of checked facts (C. Bernard) and on the presentation of fanciful hypotheses (K. Popper), characterizes the actual development of science and of medicine. Nowadays artificial intelligence expands the complex systems of life and of disease: the scientific aspects, moreover, are integrated with humanistic features and with environmental requirements.

History, Ancient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implantable microsystems for monitoring and neural rehabilitation, Part II.

Miniaturised implantable biomedical microsystems are opening up completely new markets for diagnosis and therapy products. Part II of this article discusses recent work on distributed intelligent implants and biohybrid systems, which combine microsystems with cells and tissues.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2002

[Recent advances in surgical technology--open MRI and "real-time" navigation].

Many advances of neurosurgery had been achieved about diagnostic and operative tools such as CT scan, MRI, stereotaxy, and microscope, in 20th century. However, intraoperative diagnostic tools are not sufficient for providing solid data. So we developed new operating system for 21st century (Intelligent Operating Theater: IOT). The IOT has an open MRI machine for intraoperative MR imaging that provides objective anatomical data and the "real-time" navigation updated with iMRI that navigates surgeons to the target area. The IOT has contributed to the improvement of the resection rate in brain tumor cases.

Brain↗