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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Genetic geography of inherited dimorphism of ear wax by its consistency].

Data on cerumen types were collected in three population groups of Pamir mountain region. The observed frequencies of dominant w and recessive d alleles which determine wet and dry types of ear wax are equal, accordingly: in Khuf population (Western Pamir) to 0.6603 and 0.3397; in Pastkhuff population (Western Pamir) to 0.6078 and 0.3922; in Kirghizes of Central Pamir to 0.3606 and 0.6394. We present data on cerumen types in 23 populations of the USSR also. The world information on distribution cerumen types was summed up (over 80 populations). No connection of gene frequencies of cerumen with natural abiotic factors of environment was revealed. Strong correlation of the genes described with mongoloid peculiarities was established: epicanthus r = 0.718, the haplotype Gmz, a, b, 0, 3, 5, s, t (Gm(1, 11, 13, 15, 16) r = 0.522.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1989

Escherichia coli promoters. I. Consensus as it relates to spacing class, specificity, repeat substructure, and three-dimensional organization.

Fifty-two of the best characterized Escherichia coli promoters in the Hawley and McClure [1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 2237-2255) listing were used to determine the distribution of information content in promoters and to describe the basic features underlying the existence of several different promoter spacing classes, which are defined by the number of bases separating the -35 and -10 regions. The contact regions at -35 and -10 do not, on the average, contain sufficient information to specify a promoter. The search for additional specifying bases led to two conclusions: 1) the consensus nucleotide sequence in the noncontact regions of a promoter appears to be distinct for each of the major promoter spacing classes; 2) promoters appear to contain a 15-20 base subset of the 40-50 additional optimal noncontact bases. This improved view of the extended consensus sequence allows the detection of a 10-base degenerate palindrome which may be the basic unit of promoter structure. Contiguous direct repeats of this sequence produce a sequence closely related to the consensus for the 18-base pair spacing class. This underlying structure is also evidenced in the 17- and 16-base pair spacing classes; however, the start points of the fourth and subsequent repetitions of the sequence element are moved one and two bases upstream, respectively, relative to their location in the 18-base pair spacing class. These consensus sequences, when viewed in a helical format, all present the opportunity for two alternative sets of a dyad repeat. The -35 region is common to both sets and is paired with an extended -10 region in one set and with a pseudo-10 region in the other. Possible implications of these arrangements are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Psychological management of patients and families with cystic fibrosis].

The care of families with a child with cystic fibrosis requires a concept which includes psychological and social aspects caused by the disease. The contribution of a psychologist offers a valuable support for this. Methods for the emotional care of patients are presented. The importance of counselling and the possibility of preventive work and distribution of information are underlined. The example of psychosocial stress (coping with the diagnosis, self esteem, life crises etc.) permit insight into the requirements of patients and their relatives and contribute to increase the awareness of the caregiver for age-independent and for age-specific problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Effect of uterine immunization and oestradiol on specific IgA and IgG antibodies in uterine, vaginal and salivary secretions.

Levels of IgA and IgG antibodies were measured in uterine and vaginal secretions to examine the effect of uterine immunization on the genital tract humoral immune system. When ovariectomized animals were immunized on Day 0 and boosted 13 days later by placing sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) directly in the uterine lumen (UT/UT) immunization), a pronounced IgA and IgG antibody response was detected in uterine secretions measured on Day 26. This response was 20-30-fold greater than that measured following Peyer's patch immunization and boosting (PP/PP) and Peyer's patch immunization followed by uterine boosting (PP/UT). In contrast to uterine antibody responses that were oestradiol-dependent following PP/PP and PP/UT immunization, UT/UT immunization resulted in IgA and IgG antibody responses that were hormonally independent. To determine whether immunological information is distributed beyond the immediate site of immunization, ovariectomized rats were immunized and boosted by injection of SRBC into one uterine horn. When uterine secretions from the contralateral (non-immune) horns were analysed, IgA and IgG antibodies were found in uterine secretions after oestradiol stimulation. IgA and IgG antibodies were also present in vaginal secretions following UT/UT immunization and ligation of uteri at the utero-cervical junction. This response was hormonally dependent in that vaginal antibody levels were lowered by oestradiol treatment. IgG but not IgA antibodies were also found in saliva of UT/UT immunized animals. Oestradiol had no effect on salivary IgG levels in contrast to those of the genital tract. In summary, these experiments indicate that immunization of uteri can elicit pronounced IgA and IgG antibody responses in uterine secretions and this response is not altered by oestradiol. Moreover, immunization at one site in the genital tract results in the appearance of antibodies at other uterine sites (the contralateral-non-immunized horn), in vaginal secretions, in serum and at other mucosal sites, such as the salivary glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Low-back pain: pain description as a diagnostic aid.

Chronic low-back pain sufferers often present a mixture of somatic and psychologic symptoms, complicating the determination of diagnoses. Two hundred consecutively referred patients with chronic low-back pain had clinical, radiological and laboratory tests performed. The patients were classified into one of the three different categories: a somatic (I) and a somatoform group (III), and an intermediate variety (II). All patients completed a pain questionnaire, giving information about distribution, intensity, variation and somato-sensory qualities of pain in various parts of the body. Patients in group I compared to group III showed differences in pain localization, dispersion and intensity, as well as pain variation and relief. Somatoform patients were mostly females in their forties, their symptoms had started earlier and lasted longer as compared to patients of the intermediate and somatic variety. In diagnosing and dealing with low-back pain patients general practitioners and specialists are recommended to use a simplified pain questionnaire as an aid in sorting the complainers.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Nine-year study of WHO virus reports on fatal viral infections.

In 1963, the World Health Organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. The present study is based on 2737 reports of fatal viral infections received from laboratories in 39 out of a total of 47 countries participating in the scheme. In the industrially developed countries, from which most of the reports came, more than one-third of the total number of deaths were associated with influenza A virus, while in the developing countries, the enteroviruses, and in particular poliovirus, came high on the list.In general, a steady increase in the number of reports received by WHO has been noted, especially during the last three years. The greatest variations in the yearly number of reports were seen in those concerning influenza A virus, and coincided with the clinical and epidemiological patterns observed since the advent of the A/Hong Kong/68 strain.In children, death was most frequently associated with enteroviruses, and in adults, with influenza A virus. However, some of the viruses, and in particular herpesvirus, were reported in both children and adults.Overall, respiratory diseases were the most frequent cause of death, mainly because of influenza A virus infection; next most frequent were herpesvirus infections, especially of the central nervous system, and particularly among young adults. The findings in this study confirm that it is the most serious central nervous system viral infection in the developed world.In contrast to the above, the enteroviruses are still the most important killers in the developing world and the cases occur among infants and young children. Poliovirus, in particular type 1, is still the most prevalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Immunofluorescence: quantitative considerations.

The combination of the specificity of the antigen-antibody interaction with the sensitivity of fluorescence detection and quantitation yields one of the most widely applicable analytical tools in cell biology. Immunofluorescence (IF) signals can be measured with microscopes or flow cytometers. Choice for either of the two systems depends on the type of preparation (cells, tissues, etc.), on the type of required information (morphology, distribution, quantitation) and on the number and quality of the samples. In IF a choice has to be made for the most appropriate fluorochromes, reagents, equipment and preparative procedure, respectively, the right balance between lightsource, objective, eye pieces and filters should be sought in microscopy as well as in flow cytometry. The quantitative influence is reported of each of these variables on the eventual fluorescence intensity. New developments are appearing in IF technology. These include laser-scan microscopy, point-addressable optical sensors, phosphorescence microscopy and more sophisticated flow cytometers that allow some morphometry. The possible uses of these systems is discussed.

Fixatives↗
PubMed1988

Neonatal transport: communication--the essential element.

The Bronson Methodist Hospital Neonatal Transport System (Kalamazoo, MI) has identified effective communication as a necessity when providing optimal patient care. Our experience shows that good communication comes only from good relationships between our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff and each referring hospital's staff. This article describes the two educational methods used to aid these relationships: the development of site visits and the distribution of informative publications. By using these methods, our relationships with our 17 referring hospital staffs have improved, which has had a direct bearing on more effective communication during neonatal transport.

Books↗
PubMed1987

[An awareness campaign on the diagnosis and prevention of colon and rectal cancer. Planning and evaluation of its results].

Colorectal cancer is very frequent in Argentina. It is the third most frequent cancer, after skin and breast tumor in the city of Rosario. Our population usually ignores the symptoms of colonic cancer and early diagnosis are infrequent. The Societies of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Colonoproctology organizes a public awareness campaign during july, august and september 1985 in Rosario and its surrounding (population 1,300,000) by means of newspaper, radio and specially by television, describing the symptoms were present, as well as insisting of the possibility of prevention by endoscopy diagnosis and removal of polyps. Literature and pamphlets were distributed, and information letters were send to all the physicians in Rosario. An International update meeting on colon and rectal took place. The results of this campaign were evaluated through the Tumor Registry of Rosario. Since september 1984 still february 1986, the monthly incidence of polyps and cancer of the colon and rectum was recorded. The monthly average incidence of polyps was 18.9. Previous to the campaign, the monthly average of diagnosed polyps was 17.5; during the campaign, 27.5; and after it, 13.8. The monthly average of colorectal cancer was 39, before the campaign, 41; during the campaign, 49, and 26 afterwards. These results were statistically studies by the parametric test of Mann and Whitney. During the campaign a significant (p = 0.05) increase of diagnosed polyps and cancers, was found. Our conclusion is that the awareness was successful, but we think that it is necessary to insist with periodic and longer campaigns.

Argentina↗
PubMed1986

[Use of a personal computer system at a cardio-pulmonary function laboratory for text processing, graphics and statistics].

To improve the off-line data processing a personal-computer-system was set up, including a HP-85A desk-computer with a dual-disc-drive, a plotter, a printer and a digitizer (graphical tablet). The application of the personal-computer-system is focused on the work up of medical reports and records, transformation of physiologic data into graphics (ergometric stress testing, myocardial function curve, lung mechanics) and on speeding up the flow and distribution of information. Further applications include a literature storage and retrieving system, the quantitative analysis of left ventricular wall motion by two dimensional echocardiography and a graphic aided system for medical statistics. Hopefully the data processing at a cardio-pulmonary function laboratory will lead to a better definition of diseased states in quantitative terms and by this support the rational basis for medical intervention. Slow communication of medical information is a critical factor in the practice of high quality medical care (cost/efficiency).

Computer Graphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex education laws and policies.

Sex education laws and policies are important in facilitating or blocking efforts to provide adolescents with sexuality education and information. Legislation in developing and industrialized countries concerns both sexuality education in schools and adolescents' access to information on contraception and abortion. Although laws and policies vary, the trend is to remove laws restricting sex education and information and to promote the flow of reproductive health information for adolescents. The integration of sex education with programs that provide contraceptive services offers the promise of preventing unwanted pregnancy in adolescents, with its all too frequent tragic health and social consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to effective family planning in Nepal.

To investigate why family planning (FP) services in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal are underused, a study was initiated under the auspices of the Nepal Family Planning/Maternal--Child Health Project. The study was intended to provide a user perspective, by examining interactions between FP clinic staff and their clientele. "Simulated" clients were sent to 16 FP clinics in Kathmandu to request information and advice. The study revealed that in the impersonal setting of a family planning clinic, clients and staff fall into traditional, hierarchical modes of interaction. In the process, the client's "modern" goal of limiting her family size is subverted by the service system that was created to support this goal. Particularly when status differences are greatest, that is, with lower-class and low caste clients, transmission of information is inhibited.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

A seven-year study of WHO virus laboratory reports on respiratory viruses.

In 1963 the World Health Organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. By 1973 laboratories in 45 countries were participating in this scheme. The present study is an analysis of the reports on adenovirus, influenza viruses A, B, and C, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, rhinovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae during 1967-73. In the northern hemisphere, from which over 95% of the reports were received, a clear pattern of the seasonal incidence of different respiratory tract infections emerged. Over 70% of the total number of reported adenovirus infections, over 80% of the parainfluenza virus infections, and over 90% of the RS virus infections were in children. M. pneumoniae infections were most frequently reported in adults. Influenza A virus infection was predominant in the adult population, with a high proportion in those aged 60 years and over. Influenza B infections were reported equally in adults and children, but over one third were in children of school age. The proportion of lower respiratory infections to total respiratory infections varied from one virus to another, and ranged from less than half for adenovirus to over four fifths for mycoplasma infections. Nonlocalizing fever was usually the second principal clinical condition reported in association with respiratory viruses.

Adenoviridae Infections↗