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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Clinical, histological, and immunophenotypic characteristics of injection site reactions associated with etanercept: a recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor: Fc fusion protein.

OBJECTIVE: To study injection site reactions (ISRs) associated with etanercept therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review, along with prospective analysis of selected patients experiencing ISRs associated with etanercept therapy. SETTING: Academic rheumatology/immunology unit and dermatology clinic. SUBJECTS: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory seronegative arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease. INTERVENTIONS: Skin biopsy specimens were taken from selected patients experiencing ISRs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of IRSs and histological and immunophenotypic analysis of ISRs in 3 patients undergoing prospective study. RESULTS: Twenty-one (20%) of 103 of all patients receiving etanercept reported ISRs, all within the first 2 months of inception of therapy. The reactions occurred 1 to 2 days after the last injection and resolved within a few days. Moreover, eventual waning of reactions was observed, with none proving to be dose limiting. Histological examination of all biopsy specimens showed an inflammatory infiltrate composed of predominantly lymphoid cells and some eosinophils, in a perivascular cuffing pattern, without evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The infiltrating lymphoid cells were predominantly activated mature (HLA-DR(+)/CD3(+)/CD4(-)/CD8(+)) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, with a small number of CD4(+) cells. A biopsy specimen from a recall ISR showed strong HLA-DR expression by epidermal keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Injection site reactions associated with etanercept therapy are common, and may be an example of a T-lymphocyte-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, with waning over time due to eventual induction of tolerance.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Immunophenotyping in myelodysplastic syndromes].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the values of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and prognosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHODS: Surface markers of mononuclear marrow cells were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence for a panel of monoclonal antibodies in 32 patients with MDS. RESULTS: Expression of myeloid antigen increased significantly while lymphoid antigen decreased. The antigen expression was correlated with the FAB subtype of MDS, Immature myeloid cells (CD13+, CD33+) was being increased and the lymphoid antigen expression decreased with the RA/RAS evolving to RAEB and RAEB-t. Compared with normal marrow, the number of CD34+ cells was not significantly different in RA/RAS subtypes but significantly higher in RAEB/RAEB-t subtypes. The expression of early marrow cell antigens (CD38, HLA-DR, CD99R and CD9) was significantly increased. The expression of CD34 and other early antigen was predictive for transformation and poor survival. CONCLUSION: Surface marker analysis of mononuclear marrow cells may be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of MDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic and ultrastructrual analyses of ATLL patients with cutaneous involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To study 4 cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) associated with cutaneous lesions for clinicopathology, immunophenotype, human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus DNA and their ultrastructure. At the same time, HTLV-I provirus DNA of ATLL patients were also compared with 18 cases of cutaneous lymphoma (CL), two cases of actinic reticuloid as well as two cases of lymphocytic infiltration. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry studies were carried out on the infiltrating cells using monoclonal antibodies against CD45-RO, CD20, CD68 on paraffin-embedded sections by ABC method and using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4 and CD8 with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on frozen sections. Skin biopsies were examined by electron microscope. Serum and bone marrow cells were tested for antibodies against HTLV-I-associated antigen by IIF, and HTLV-I provirus DNA was examined by PCR method. RESULTS: The research showed four patients with ATLL manifesting cutaneous lesions, were subsequently found with additional systemic symptoms, as extensively enlarged superficial lymph node, abnormal increased IL-2 receptor, flower-like cells in their peripheral blood and marrow. The HTLV-I provirus DNA was positive in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, cutaneous lesions and lymph node biopsy specimens by using PCR amplification of specific HTLV-I fragment while 18 cases of the CL were negative for HTLV-I. The special ultrastructure of skin lesions was also found in ATLL patients. CONCLUSIONS: The cutaneous involvement in ATLL is a type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) but shows some differential immunological markers for differential diagnosis. The examination of HTLV-I antibodies or HTLV-I provirus DNA is necessary for diagnosis of ATLL. The ultrastructural characteristics in skin lesions of ATLL were of atypical lymphocytes and mononuclear cells invading the epidermis, and the mononuclear cells are possessing the phagocytic function and phagocytizing the degenerated epidermic cells or lymphocytes.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of immunophenotype of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood with flow cytometry and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the difference of immunophenotype of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) between human umbilical cord blood(UCB) and bone marrow(BM). METHODS: The expression of CD antigens and cell adhesion molecules on HSPCs in 38 UCB and 10 cases BM were investigated with monoclonal antibodies and double immunofluorescence using flow cytometry. RESULTS: 1. The CD34+ cell population in nucleated cells of UCB was similar to that of BM, being about 0.5%; 2. The frequencies of CD34+CD38-, CD34+HLA-DR- and CD34+H-CAM+ (CD44+) cells in UCB CD34+ cells were higher, while the frequencies of CD34+CD13+ and CD34+CD19+ cells in UCB were lower than that in BM. CONCLUSION: The total number of CD34+ cells in UCB and BM was very similar. However, there was a higher proportion of more primary HSPCs in UCB, which was able to reconstitute hematopoiesis as an potential source of HSPCs, the proportion of relatively mature HSPCs (CD34+ CD19+ and CD34+CD13+) were less in UCB than in BM, which probably accounted for the relatively slow haematopoietic reconstitution following UCB transplantation.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed2001

[Investigation of the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus infection of primary central nervous system lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes and EB virus infection of 25 cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed using monoclonal antibodies, L26 (CD20), kappa,lambda for B lymphocytes, UCHL-1 (CD45RO) for T lymphocytes, CS1-4 for latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and GFAP for gliocytes. In situ hybridization was used for detection of EB virus encoded small nuclear RNAs (EBER1/2). RESULTS: All of the 25 PCNSL were of B lymphocyte origin with high-grade malignancy. Only 2/25 (8%) cases showed positive signal in EBER1/2 in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: This group of PCNSL were all B-cell lymphomas, and the role of EB virus in this group of PCNSL was uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping and comparison with immunocytochemistry in small round cell tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitate different antigens by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in small round cell tumors (SRCTs) and to compare the FCI technique with immunocytochemistry (IC). STUDY DESIGN: IC and FCI were performed on 24 consecutive cases of SRCT on fine needle aspiration biopsy material using a panel of antibodies--e.g., cytokeratin (CK), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), desmin, epithelial membrane antigen, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, retinoblastoma gene product, neuroblastoma clone (NB84a (NB), vimentin and Mic-2 gene product. IC was done by indirect immunoperoxidase and FCI by indirect immunofluorescence onflow cytometry. RESULTS: In Ewing's sarcoma, with the help of FCI, positive results were obtained in an additional 4 samples in CK, 2 samples in actin and 3 samples in desmin. Similarly, one each sample was additional positive regarding Mic-2 and vimentin by IC. In cases of neuroblastoma with the help of FCI, additional positive results were obtained in one each sample of CK, LCA and NB and two in actin. Combined use of FCI and IC helped to show chromogranin positivity in an additional two cases. Divergent differentiation was noted in four cases of Ewing's sarcoma, one neuroblastoma and two peripheral neuroectodermal tumors. CONCLUSION: FCI technique is sensitive, more objective and quantitative in comparison with manual absorbance-based microscopic detection of enzyme immunohistochemistry products. FCI may determine divergent differentiation in SRCTs.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic X-rays and ultrasound exposure and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by immunophenotype.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between in utero diagnostic X-rays and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the less well-studied relationship of this malignancy to preconception and postnatal diagnostic X-rays or fetal ultrasound exposures. The Children's Cancer Group conducted a case-control study including interviews with parents of 1842 ALL cases diagnosed under the age of 15 years and 1986 individually matched controls. Associations of self-reported parental preconception, in utero, and postnatal X-ray exposure with risk of childhood ALL were examined using odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained from logistic regression models among the overall group of ALL cases as well as immunophenotypic and age-specific subgroups. Overall, in utero pelvimetric diagnostic X-rays were not associated with the risk of pediatric ALL (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.7). Childhood ALL, all types combined (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.2) and specific types were also not linked with postnatal diagnostic X-ray exposures. Neither maternal (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.2) nor paternal (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4) lower abdominal preconception diagnostic X-rays were associated with risk of childhood ALL. Among the multiple comparisons for age-, sex-, and subtype-specific subgroups, we observed an elevated risk of total ALL among children ages 11-14 at diagnosis (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.0) in relation to in utero pelvimetric diagnostic X-ray exposures and a small increase in pre-B ALL for all ages combined (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7) in relation to postnatal diagnostic X-rays. In utero diagnostic ultrasound tests were not linked with risk of childhood ALL. We found little consistent evidence that in utero diagnostic ultrasound tests or X-rays were linked with an increased risk of childhood ALL. Small increases in total or pre-B ALL risks for children in selected age groups to very low ionizing radiation exposures from postnatal or preconception diagnostic X-ray exposures may represent chance findings or biases. Future studies of diagnostic X-rays and childhood leukemia in the United States will require extensive additional efforts and resources to quantify risk because of declining in utero exposures in the general population (thus necessitating large numbers of subjects, particularly cases) and the difficulty in validating reported exposures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is it possible with an immunophenotypic study to foresee the oncologic risk of epithelial gastric dysplasia?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Epithelial gastric dysplasia is considered the only true marker of gastric cancer. High-grade dysplasia is a surgical therapy needing lesion and low-grade dysplasia is considered a lesion with a low oncologic risk. The aim of this experience was to verify whether there are any immunohistochemical evaluations which may enable one to foresee more precisely the evolution of epithelial gastric dysplasia. METHODOLOGY: Immunophenotypic evaluation was effected in 70 cases of low-grade dysplasia (41 males, average age: 57.4) and in 50 cases of high-grade dysplasia (31 males, average age: 58). These cases were retrospectively selected and the studied samples are represented by gastric biopsies obtained in the course of endoscopy performed for dyspepsia. Epithelial gastric dysplasia diagnosis was done according to Goldstein and Lewin and the clinical subdivision was effected using the criteria of Rugge et al. Four antigens were studied using Abs against pepsinogen C, gastric foveolar M1, intestinal CAR-5 and pancreatic DU-PAN-2 Ags. RESULTS: Epithelial gastric dysplasia is characterized by a progressive reduction of gastric markers with a progressive expression of enteropancreatic antigens. Low-grade dysplasia is characterized by a frequent gastro-enteropancreatic coexpression, and high-grade dysplasia by a frequent enteropancreatic coexpression or by no markers expression. Low-grade dysplasia with greater enteropancreatic markers progresses frequently towards gastric cancer; high-grade dysplasia with enteropancreatic markers only is associated/progresses to gastric cancer, while high-grade dysplasia with gastric markers or gastric-enteropancreatic markers is included in the group with persistent or regressed cases. CONCLUSIONS: If confirmed in further studies, such results could modify the evaluation of epithelial gastric dysplasia, not only in terms of histochemical techniques, but also of immunohistochemical techniques.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of immunophenotypes in the blood of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, asymptomatic and with peritonitis.

Peritonitis is a complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) that often causes fibrosis. Understanding the role played by the immune system is required if we are to understand the mechanisms of defense and tissue lesion triggered by germs. We compared the characteristics of the blood immunophenotypes of patients on CAPD, with and without peritonitis. This descriptive, prospective study was carried out in the dialysis unit of San José University Hospital, a tertiary care institution in Popayán, Colombia. In blood samples from 46 patients on CAPD (26 with peritonitis and 20 without peritonitis), we used flow cytometry to measure cytokine production at the single-cell level. The diagnosis of peritonitis was made by standard clinical and laboratory criteria. We noted general clinical characteristics of the patients; percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils; and cell counts of lymphocytes (CD4 cells, CD8 cells) and their subsets [B1, B2, and natural killer (NK) cells]. We also determined the CD4:CD8 ratio. We found significant differences in the levels of serum albumin (p < 0.001), the percentages of lymphocytes (p < 0.04) and neutrophils (p < 0.04), and the counts of B1 and B2 cells, especially in patients whose CD4:CD8 ratio was below 1.2. Those patients also had more intense CD4 lymphopenia, more CD8 cells (principally T-suppressor cells), and more expansion of NK cells. In patients on CAPD, an important immune activation and rise in the percentage of B1 cells occurs that increases with peritonitis. Among the general clinical characteristics, albumin was the only one to show a statistically significant difference between patients with and without peritonitis. An important CD4 lymphopenia occurred in patients with a CD4:CD8 ratio below 1.2.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMed2002

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry of peritoneal fluid of patients with peritonitis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Our project identified, by flow cytometry, the immunophenotypes and activation state of the immune cells in the peritoneal dialysis fluid from patients with peritonitis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The results showed that all kinds of cells of the immune system were present in the peritoneal fluid in percentages and activation states similar to those seen in blood. Also, two subgroups of patients were noted, according to CD4:CD8 ratio. Patients whose ratio was < 1.1 had more expansion of CD8 and NK cells, and a higher percentage of B1 cells in both fluids than were seen in healthy people.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed2002

[Immunophenotypic characteristics of multiple myeloma cells].

To investigate the immunophenotypic characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, 20 bone marrow samples from patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed by flow cytometry with three-color direct immunofluorescence staining. Results showed that all of myeloma cells expressed bright CD38, dim or negative CD45 and negative CD19. Most of the cells were CD56(+) and a small portions were ckappa(+) or clambda(+), or CD20(+). The phenotypes of normal plasmocyte, CD19(+) and CD56(-), except CD56(-) in one-third samples, were not appeared in all detected samples. It was concluded that the surface marker analysis of myeloma cells is a useful tool for diagnosis and further evaluating prognosis of multiple myeloma.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed2002

Effect of brain injury on immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats.

Strong immunosuppression occurs after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and most likely contributes substantially to the patient morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms of this immunosuppression are unknown. For the lowering of stressful factors, severe TBI was induced in anaesthetized rats. The lymphocyte subsets from 60 rats with severe TBI were analyzed using monoclonal antibody by the indirect immunofluorescence method. The blood of 30 rats without TBI was used as a control. When compared to the control group, the rats with TBI showed a remarkable reduction in the relative number of CD4(+), RT-Ia(+), Thy-1(+) and ICO-111(+) lymphocytes during the first 2 h after injury. Further reduction in the number of CD4(+) cells was determined in the rats during all the period of the experimental observation. The number of lymphocytes expressing membrane Thy-1 and ICO-111 antigens was significantly decreased 7 days after the trauma. The relative number of RT-Ia(+) lymphocytes was significantly reduced in rats with TBI during 14 days following the trauma. A significant decrease in the luminescence intensity of all the analyzed antigen-positive cells was also observed in rats with TBI. Between the 7th and the 14th days after the trauma a positive correlation between the number of Thy-1(+) PBLs and the number of RT-Ia(+) lymphocytes was determined. Similar results on lymphocyte immunophenotype were seen in patients with TBI. Thus, the cellular immune response is identical in patients and in animals with TBI. Severe brain traumatic injury leads to a reduced expression of cell surface antigens and causes a decrease in the number of antigen-positive lymphocytes and in the intensity of their luminescence.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Immunophenotypic analysis of human gingival fibroblasts and its regulation by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF).

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to perform an immunophenotypic analysis of human gingival fibroblast cells and its eventual modulation by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF). METHODS: Gingival fibroblasts were derived from gingival biopsy of 15 healthy subjects. The presence of fibroblast cells in culture and the absence of epithelial cells was performed with fluorescence microscopy using vimentin and cytokeratin markers, respectively. Molecular expression of gingival fibroblast cell membrane was carried out with monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry analysis. Human recombinant GM-CSF at the concentration of 200 ng/ml was used for the in vitro stimulation of gingival fibroblasts. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student "t"-test. RESULTS: Human gingival fibroblasts express a wide surface molecular panel including mainly CD59, CD99, CD9, CD95, CD55, CD63, CD26, CD117, CD71 and CD86. The GM-CSF seems to regulate the CD49B expression positively and the CD40 and CD103 expression negatively. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that GM-CSF is able to modulate the in vitro expression of some membrane molecules of gingival fibroblasts and therefore it may regulate, in vivo, peculiar specific biological functions of gingival tissue.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2003

In situ immunophenotype of the inflammatory infiltrate in eosinophilic fasciitis.

OBJECTIVE: Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is histologically characterized by a fibrous and inflammatory thickening of subcutaneous septal-fascial-perimysial collagenous scaffold. This study aims to define the immunophenotype of inflammatory cells of fascia and muscle underlying the in situ immune response in EF. METHODS: In 11 cases of EF, we determined the phenotype of inflammatory cells, expression of MHC class I and class II antigens, and C5b9 membranolytic attack complex (MAC) deposits by immunohistochemistry analysis of fascia tissue. Muscle biopsies from 9 patients with active dermatomyositis and 5 with active polymyositis were used as controls. Results. In all patients but one, the inflammatory infiltrate was mainly composed of macrophages associated with CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD4/CD8 ratio < 1) and few eosinophils. Cytotoxic properties were found in 14% of CD8+ T lymphocytes, as shown by granzyme B expression. MHC Class I antigens were overexpressed (5/7) by muscle fibers, with a paratrabecular reinforcement in 4 cases. MHC class II antigens were not expressed by muscle fibers except in one case. C5b9 MAC deposits were not detected. CONCLUSION: Our in situ characterization of inflammatory infiltrate demonstrates the predominancy of macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Some of these CD8+ lymphocytes contain granzyme B, thus suggesting a cytotoxic cellular immune response in EF, which could be triggered by infectious or environmental agents.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMed2003

The immunophenotypic patterns of follicle centre and mantle zone in Castleman's disease.

BACKGROUND: Castleman's disease is an uncommon disease and the histopathogenesis is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate their clinicopathological and immunophenotypic profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Castleman's disease was reconfirmed in biopsy tissue from 10 patients in a period of 17 years. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the archival materials, with antibodies to lymphoid antigens and oncogene products, Bcl-6 and Bcl-2. Six reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes and three tonsils were used for comparative study of the phenotypic expression. RESULT: There were three cases of plasma-cell and seven of hyaline-vascular variant. The ages of patients ranged from eight to 60 years (median 30 years). The three patients with plasma-cell variant were older, all females. Two of the plasma-cell variant had multicentric lesions associated with systemic disease. All patients with hyaline-vascular variant had localised disease. Atrophic follicle centres were present in all the diagnostic tissue of both subtypes, with loss of Bcl-6 follicular centre B-cells and presence of relatively few CD57 T-cells. These follicle centres stained strongly with anti-CD21. In the mantle zone, CD5 expression was observed in only two cases and Bcl-2 expression similar to reactive follicles was present in six. CONCLUSION: Loss of Bcl-6 B-cells in the atrophic follicle centres, characteristic CD21 network patterns, low rate of CD5 and Bcl-2 expression in the mantle-zone lymphocytes are present in both variants of Castleman's disease, differ distinctly from reactive follicles. The phenotypic similarity in these two variants suggests possibility of closely related pathogeneses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma of the skin. A case report with immunophenotypic analysis and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr viral genome.

Lymphoepithelioma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm of the nasopharynx. Similar malignancies--lymphoepitheliomalike carcinomas--of salivary glands, thymus, larynx, lung, stomach, and uterus have been described. We present here a case of lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma of the skin in an 84-year-old woman. Histologically this neoplasm presented as a fairly discrete dermal aggregate of syncytial nests of epithelioid-appearing cells that displayed no squamous or glandular differentiation, surrounded by a dense lymphocytic infiltrate. Results of immunophenotypic studies showed expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins and increased density of dermal dendrocytes within and adjacent to the tumor. No Epstein-Barr viral genomic sequences were detected by in situ hybridization, which suggests that cutaneous neoplasms may have different etiologic agents compared with similar tumors, found to be associated with this DNA-containing virus, arising in extracutaneous sites. The combined light microscopic and immunohistochemical assessment of this rate cutaneous neoplasm permits distinction of lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma from benign/malignant lymphoproliferative disorders or neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Immunophenotype and cytochemical reactions of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Thai children.

The immunophenotypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 28 Thai children were studied by the APAAP technique using a panel of eight specific monoclonal antibodies: HLA-DR, CD 19, CALLA (CD 10), IgM, CD 7, CD 3, CD 4, and CD 8. Sixty-eight, 18, 3.5, 3.5, and 7 per cent were respectively shown to be common, null, pre-B, B, and mature thymocyte T subtypes. Cytochemical reactions (beta-glucuronidase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, and acid phosphatase) in this study could identify null, common, and T ALLs with confidence, and could be used in the process of ALL subtyping to reduce cost.

Bone Marrow Examination↗