Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Government Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Overview of Nashville REACH 2010's approach to eliminating disparities in diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010) is a federally sponsored initiative with the goal of reducing and eliminating disparities in health by 2010. The approach is community-driven, wherein community coalitions design, implement, and evaluate the strategies to eliminate health disparities. This article describes the history, development, and activities of Nashville, Tenn, REACH 2010's initiative that targets the reduction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in African Americans. The team-based strategies, generated with considerable community input, focused on effecting changes in access to healthcare, health and wellness, screening, and tobacco use with the goal of making sustainable behavioral and environmental changes. Evaluation includes a Web-based system for collecting process data and random telephone surveys to monitor the program's impact on health disparities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1999

Accelerated Campaign to Enhance STD Services (ACCESS) for youth: successes, challenges, and lessons learned.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adolescents have the highest sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence and are often hard to reach with preventive services. Fourteen youth-focused projects were funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1994 through 1995 to pilot innovative, locally relevant, locally acceptable approaches; expand the range and accessibility of services beyond clinic-based facilities; and stimulate increased commitment of local resources. DESIGN: Review and synthesis of 14 youth-focused, innovative projects. RESULTS: Most projects undertook multiple interventions (11/14) in multiple venues (9/14). The majority (9/14) incorporated behavioral interventions, and half offered clinical services in nontraditional settings such as detention facilities, schools, parks, and parking lots. Six projects used peer volunteers; four worked with community coalitions. Most (12/14) obtained local resources. Where assessed, parental support was strong for providing STD prevention services. CONCLUSIONS: These projects increased the access and range of services available to a substantial number of high-risk youth with high STD rates. However, sustaining and scaling-up pilot project activities will be resource intensive. Increased financial and training support to augment evaluation capacity will be critical for innovation to become an integral part of STD prevention programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Neonatal detection of sickle cell disease].

An experimental program for neonatal detection of sickle cell disease (SCD) was performed in France in 1990. Our data indicated a high prevalence of SCD, one patient in 1,250 newborns tested. The French national program for neonatal screening for SCD was set up in 1995 by the Association Française pour le Dépistage et la Prévention des Handicaps de l'Enfant (AFDPHE). This is not a systematic program, but only targeted at newborns at risk for SCD.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2004

TRICARE; Individual Case Management Program; Program for Persons with Disabilities; extended benefits for disabled family members of active duty service members; custodial care. Final Rule.

The Department is publishing this final rule to implement requirements enacted by Congress in section 701(g) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 (NDAA-02), which terminates the Individual Case Management Program. The Department withdraws its proposed rule published at 66 FR 39699 on August 1, 2001, regarding the Individual Case Management Program. This rule also implements section 701(b) of the NDAA-02 which provides additional benefits for certain eligible active duty dependents by amending the TRICARE regulations governing the Program for Persons with Disabilities. The Program for Persons with Disabilities is now called the Extended Care Health Option. Other administrative amendments are included to clarify specific policies that relate to the Extended Care Health Option, custodial care, and to update related definitions.

Case Management↗
PubMed2003

A meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans for hypertension: the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program.

BACKGROUND: Four multicenter Networks (GenNet, GENOA, HyperGEN, SAPPHIRe) form the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP), to search for hypertension/blood pressure (BP) genes. The networks used different family designs and targeted multiple ethnic groups, using standardized protocols and definitions. Linkage genome scans were done on samples within each network (N = 6245 relatives). METHODS: The evidence was synthesized using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Combining ethnic groups, no region reached LOD >2, but several small peaks were identified, including chromosome 2p where two other recent reports find hypertension linkage. CONCLUSIONS: No regions show uniformly large effects on BP/hypertension in all populations.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2000

Two separate tracks? A national multivariate analysis of differences between public and private substance abuse treatment programs.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes differences between public and private substance abuse treatment programs. METHOD: Data from the National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) were analyzed with regression models that evaluated the association between ownership and program characteristics. RESULTS: Programs operated by state and local government and nonprofit agencies had more staff, but federal and for-profit programs employed more psychologists and medical doctors. We found that, in most treatment settings, for-profit programs were smaller and more likely to specialize in providing treatment in a single setting. Methadone maintenance programs were larger when operated under for-profit ownership, however. For-profit programs received more funding from private insurance and client fees. CONCLUSIONS: We found substantial differences between public and private programs, but this division was not strictly dichotomous. Federal programs differed from public programs operated by state and local governments. Programs operated by nonprofit agencies had characteristics that placed them between private for-profit and public programs. State and local agencies are contracting with private managed behavioral health care organizations to provide sub stance abuse treatment and other mental health care. The characteristics of for-profit programs may represent the future direction of substance abuse treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Physical therapy management of patients undergoing total hip replacement.

Physical therapy management of patients who undergo total prosthetic replacement of the hip at St. Margaret Memorial Hospital is an integral aspect of a multidiscipline process of rehabilitation. Patients requiring total hip replacement have a variety of medical problems and, subsequently, have postoperative conditions which influence the physical therapy plan of care. The scope and pace of our physical therapy program are governed by criteria which emphasize the medical status, individual capability, and motivation of each patient. Arbitrary postoperative time intervals are not considered in the design of our physical therapy program. In addition, physical therapists have responsibility beyond the delivery of quality service which includes collaboration with other members of the rehabilitation team in the development and evaluation of the total surgical program.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2002

[Influenza vaccine: past, present and future].

Japan has ever based its policy for controlling influenza on a strategy of vaccinating schoolchildren. Mass immunization program for schoolchildren began in 1962. The government discontinued the program in 1994, because of growing doubt about its effectiveness. However, it was recently reported that vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza provides protection and reduces mortality from influenza among elderly persons. Instead, Japanese government will begin a vaccination program for elderly persons, because the excess mortality rates increased, as the vaccination of schoolchildren was discontinued. Although vaccination rate of Japan is the lowest in developed countries at present, the supply of influenza vaccine increases double every year.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Protein synthesis in axons and terminals: significance for maintenance, plasticity and regulation of phenotype. With a critique of slow transport theory.

This article focuses on local protein synthesis as a basis for maintaining axoplasmic mass, and expression of plasticity in axons and terminals. Recent evidence of discrete ribosomal domains, subjacent to the axolemma, which are distributed at intermittent intervals along axons, are described. Studies of locally synthesized proteins, and proteins encoded by RNA transcripts in axons indicate that the latter comprise constituents of the so-called slow transport rate groups. A comprehensive review and analysis of published data on synaptosomes and identified presynaptic terminals warrants the conclusion that a cytoribosomal machinery is present, and that protein synthesis could play a role in long-term changes of modifiable synapses. The concept that all axonal proteins are supplied by slow transport after synthesis in the perikaryon is challenged because the underlying assumptions of the model are discordant with known metabolic principles. The flawed slow transport model is supplanted by a metabolic model that is supported by evidence of local synthesis and turnover of proteins in axons. A comparison of the relative strengths of the two models shows that, unlike the local synthesis model, the slow transport model fails as a credible theoretical construct to account for axons and terminals as we know them. Evidence for a dynamic anatomy of axons is presented. It is proposed that a distributed "sprouting program," which governs local plasticity of axons, is regulated by environmental cues, and ultimately depends on local synthesis. In this respect, nerve regeneration is treated as a special case of the sprouting program. The term merotrophism is proposed to denote a class of phenomena, in which regional phenotype changes are regulated locally without specific involvement of the neuronal nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The savings gained from participation in health promotion programs for Medicare beneficiaries.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate savings to Medicare associated with participation in one or more health promotion programs offered to 59,324 retirees from a large employer and their aged dependents. METHODS: Propensity score and multiple regression techniques were used to estimate savings adjusted for demographic and health status differences between elderly retirees and dependents who used one or more health promotion services and nonparticipants. RESULTS: Participants who completed a health risk assessment saved from $101 to $648 per person per year. Savings were generally higher as more programs were used, but differences were not always statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Using the health risk assessment as a guide for health promotion programs can yield substantial savings for the elderly and the Medicare program. The federal government should test health promotion programs in randomized trials and pay for such programs if the results suggest cost savings and better health for Medicare beneficiaries.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The lived experience of staying healthy in rural African American families.

Decreased government spending for public health programs and increased government expectations that consumers should take responsibility for self-care and health promotion activities are current trends (Lee & Estes, 1990; Naisbitt, 1984). The purpose of this study was to reveal through phenomenological analysis the meaning of staying healthy for the participants. Staying healthy emerged as a dynamic response to life events that involved activity and relatedness in synchrony with life's rules and emotional tranquility. The findings confirm that phenomenological research can reveal the meaning of health within the context of culture and support the conceptualization of health as a developmental process for African American families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of the maximum allowable cost program.

This article summarizes an evaluation of the Maximum Allowable Cost (MAC)-Estimated Acquisition Cost (EAC) program, the Federal Government's cost-containment program for prescription drugs. The MAC-EAC regulations which became effective on August 26, 1976, have four major components: (1) Maximum Allowable Cost reimbursement limits for selected multisource or generically available drugs; (2) Estimated Acquisition Cost reimbursement limits for all drugs; (3) "usual and customary" reimbursement limits for all drugs; and (4) a directive that professional fee studies be performed by each State. The study examines the benefits and costs of the MAC reimbursement limits for 15 dosage forms of five multisource drugs and EAC reimbursement limits for all drugs for five selected States as of 1979.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Can collaborative programs between biomedical and African indigenous health practitioners succeed?

The paper explores the various factors that appear to constrain the implementation in sub-Saharan Africa of the WHO/UNICEF Alma Ata resolutions that member states support the use of indigenous health practitioners in government health programs. It also presents arguments and evidence that suggest ways to overcome the constraining factors. Discussion focuses on traditional healers as distinct from traditional birth attendants. The question posed in the title is not fully answered, but a considerable amount of fact, programmatic experience, and observation related to the issue is assembled and discussed in order to approach an answer, and to inform those who hold a variety of positions with regard to the Alma Ata resolutions.

Africa↗
PubMed1996

Nutrition programs through public health centers in Korea.

In the period of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families. Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association. In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated. Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed.

Adolescent↗