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PubMed1978

The sex role identity of male drug abusers.

Administered a revised version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) to clients at a drug-addict rehabilitation agency in New York City (N = 203). Three samples of undergraduates were the comparison groups. In addition, information that related to demographic and family characteristics, attitudes toward parents and opposite sex, and MMPI scores were collected on the clients. Results indicate the revised BSRI has high internal consistency reliability for the addict sample. There is a modest correlation between sex-role identity score and reported reasons for drug use, as well as for the MF and SI scales on the MMPI. There were no significant correlations with demographic, family, attitude toward parents or opposite sex variables. The hypothesized difference in sex-role identity between drug-addicts and other males was confirmed for one comparative sample, but not for the two other samples.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Homoerotic development during childhood and adolescence.

To adequately understand the diversity of child and adolescent homoeroticism, a differential developmental trajectories perspective is proposed that integrates recent research about the development of sexual orientation, sexual behavior, and sexual identity. Only the latter two can be altered therapeutically. Biologic theories of homosexuality are reviewed. Homoerotic youth are shown to be similar and dissimilar to heterosexual youth; more variability occurs within than among sexual orientation groups. Contemporary homoerotic youth recognize their sexuality, self-label, and accept their sexuality at earlier ages than previous generations and many are rejecting traditional identity labels. Clinical recommendations offer ways to assess sexual orientation and help patients to achieve acceptance of their sexuality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incorporating political socialization theory into baccalaureate nursing education.

Political socialization theory explains how an individual develops a political belief system. As the health care system undergoes dramatic changes, nursing faculty should use political socialization theory to enhance the education of student nurses. A political thread can be woven through the nursing curricula, and students can be socialized to the political role. The new generation of nurses must incorporate a political component into their professional role identity. Political socialization theory can guide nursing faculty as knowledge of the political system and political skills are incorporated into nursing curricula.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

Sex role identity in young adults: its parental antecedents and relation to ego development.

This study, inspired by Block's (1973) work, was designed to enable one to examine how ego development and socialization experience interact in relation to sex role identity. Sex role identity was measured via the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and socialization practices were measured via the Block Child-Rearing Practices Report. Both measures were scaled so as to yield scores on agency, communion, and androgyny. Ego development was assessed via Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development. The sample consisted of 120 young adult men and women, married and single. Analyses revealed that the predictive power of the variables differed by sex. Ego development was predictive of sex role identity in men but not women, whereas socialization practices were predictive of sex role identity in women but not men. The results were seen as supporting Chodorow's (1974) position regarding the differing socialization experiences of men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Understanding the psychological impact of rape and serious sexual assault of men: a literature review.

Until recently, very little attention has been paid to male victims of sexual abuse in childhood and male victims of rape and sexual assault in adulthood. Increasingly, researchers and clinicians are turning their attention to the particular problems encountered by male victims of abuse and sexual assault. Recent changes in British Law have acknowledged the existence of rape of male victims and have highlighted the need to identify the number of male victims of sexual assault and plan appropriate clinical services. A review of the literature reveals very little British empirical research on the psychological impact of rape upon male victims, although the studies that have been carried out provide clear evidence of a wide range of psychological consequences, both in the immediate period following the assault and in the long-term. Differences and similarities with female victims of rape are discussed. The particular problems encountered by male victims mean that they are even less likely than female victims to report an assault; when they do seek help the most pervasive themes that emerge from the literature concern their problems in reconciling their masculine identity with their experience of being a sexual victim. Issues concerning treatment of male victims are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Identity, sexuality and the self in late adolescence.

This paper explores the concepts of identity, sexuality and the self within the context of adolescent development. The development of the identity concept in adolescence is traced in Jung's theoretical, clinical and autobiographical writings. Jung's adolescent development is viewed as the matrix out of which the identity concept emerged within analytical psychology. This was later elaborated theoretically by Jung in Symbols of Transformation (1912/1956). One of Jung's clinical cases of a late adolescent is discussed in which themes related to the development of identity and sexuality emerged. An adolescent case from the author's analytic practice is presented where similar themes of identity, homosexuality and self emerged. The developmental and symbolic themes which emerged in the analysis are viewed within the context of the transference/countertransference relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The structuring of identity among midlife women as a function of their degree of involvement in employment.

The place of employment and the diversity of its relations to other roles within the life structure of midlife women were investigated. Three groups were compared: Group I (n = 44) had a continuous low level of involvement in employment from their early 20s to their early 40s; Group II (n = 20) changed from low to high involvement; and Group III (n = 32) maintained a continuous high level of involvement. Retrospective reports regarding subjects' commitment to a number of different roles and feelings during their early 30s and early 40s constituted the data. Findings indicated that: (1) women in Group I had a positive, confident view of their involvement in the traditional roles of mother, wife, and volunteer; (2) women in Group II, initially quite similar to those in Group I, restructured their role commitments by substituting involvement in employment for more traditional pursuits; and (3) women in Group III successfully integrated involvement in the multiple roles of worker, mother, wife, and volunteer. Implications for a more dynamic view of identity, which takes into account significant reorganization of the life structure after adolescence and variability among diverse groups of women, are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Changing women: the narrative construction of personal change through community health work among women in Mexico.

A major premise of health education is that people can and do change their lives. Personal changes and the events that precipitate them are often told in a form of narrative and are accompanied by a new sense of oneself. This research draws on the study of narratives and women's community activism to explore processes of personal change in women's activism as community health workers in Mexico. The research is a case study based on in-depth semistructured interviews. Two major categories of narratives of change emerged: change of the self and little or no change. Within these categories, changes are defined as development of the self, becoming a new and different person, actualization of the self, and little or no change. Although women experience significant changes, their changes are based on normative female identities. Implications for the study of narratives and personal change in health education are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Biology, ideology, and the reification of developmental stages in the study of homosexual identities.

This paper examines the biological underpinnings of theories of homosexual identity formation by focusing on the developmental model of Minton and McDonald (1983/1984). Several problems stemming from the use of biologically derived models are identified: (a) stages, which are researchers' constructs rather than reflections of the subjects' perceptions, become reified; (b) moral assumptions embedded in biologically derived models become incorporated in sociopsychological theories of identity, without ever being acknowledged; and (c) the models tend to be constructed in a linear fashion, causing the researcher or theorist to ignore possible alternative paths.

Gender Identity↗
PubMed1999

[Sex role identity in persons with paraphilias].

Specificity of sexual role identity was studied in individuals with disorders of sexual drive with focus on the study of individual expression of sexual role signs and correlation between value-regulatory and standard-role components of sex self-consciousness in paraphilias. By means of modified psychologic projective methods, two groups who had committed criminal sex delicts were examined: a group with different variations of paraphilias (69 examinees), a group without any anomalies of sexual drives (57 examinees), a control group (65 healthy men). The data obtained about a divergence of value-regulatory and standard-role components of sexual role self-consciousness indicated disorder of the stage of forming of stable role self-identity at juvenile age and reflected difficulties in interiorization of male sex-role standards in individuals with the disorders of sex drive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Internalized homophobia, lesbian identity development, and self-esteem in undergraduate women.

This study examined the relationship between internalized homophobia, self-esteem, and lesbian identity development in 35 undergraduate women. Results indicated evidence of a strong relationship between the two identity development measures, the Stage Allocation Measure (SAM; Cass, 1984) and the Gay Identity Questionnaire (GIQ; Brady & Busse, 1994), and moderate relationships between identity development and internalized homophobia, between identity development and self-esteem, and between internalized homophobia and self-esteem. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Feminist identities and preferred strategies for advancing women's positive self-concept.

This study was an attempt to (a) determine the generalizability of the American-based Feminist Identity Development Scale (FIDS; Bargad & Hyde, 1991) to female students in a New Zealand university and (b) examine the relationship between feminist identities (as measured by the FIDS) and preferred strategies for advancing women's self-concept. Female undergraduate university students (N = 145) were given the FIDS and a self-concept strategy questionnaire. The factor structure of the FIDS was replicated for four of the five stages reported by Bargad and Hyde. Failure to replicate the remaining stage (revelation) was attributed to differences in the sample populations and the wording of the subscale. Positive correlations were found between the early stage of feminist identity development and individual-oriented self-concept strategies and also between the late stage of feminist identity development and group-oriented self-concept strategies. These results suggest that as a woman's feminist identity develops, the strategies for advancing that self-concept change from individual- to group-oriented ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

History's future: reflections on lesbian and gay history in the community.

From its beginnings in the nineteenth century, the lesbian and gay political movement has been linked to a search for lesbian and gay history. In the post-Stonewall period, community-based historians have been fostering interest in the lesbian and gay past and developing distinctive forms for disseminating their research--in particular, the lesbian/gay archive, the slide-lecture presentation, and the community-based audience. Analyzing the content of these forms reveals how the fascination of the artifact, the image, and the Other fosters the construction of both knowledge and identity. It is these forms of knowledge, rather than their content as such, that are in danger of being forgotten as lesbian and gay studies becomes academically institutionalized.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Separation in the mother-son relationship: an adolescent problem in Rainer Maria Rilke's story "Silent accompaniment"].

The story 'Quiet Accompanying' by Ranier Maria Rilke's early work is of special interest for research on adolescence. The story is a literary contribution to the separation conflict of parents and their maturing children, especially the separation crisis in the mother-son relationship. The story's suspense is derived from the son's desire to begin a new phase in life and his experience of being powerless regarding his ties to his family. Thereby the adolescent crisis of the male main character is indirectly picked out as the main theme in the description of the mother's separation crisis. In the mother's 'dream' where the departure for a sunday excursion is described, an image of the son's adolescence with the components search for identity, separation and closeness develops. The son's efforts finally fail because mother and son are captured in their relationship characterized by conflicts and fears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Gay fathers: evolution of the gay-father identity.

Interview data from an exploratory study of 18 gay fathers indicate that identity congruence evolves over time as these men participate in both the world of fathers and the world of gays. Disclosure of each identity in the opposite world, and the acceptance of both identities by intimate others, are also crucial to the gay father's achievement of self-acceptance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Asperger syndrome associated with macrosomia and sexual identity disorder].

Asperger Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder of unknown origin, characterized by pedantic language, lack of reciprocity in social interactions, unusual interests, motor clumsiness and normal or above average intelligence quotient, among other symptoms. Since 1994 it has been defined as a specific entity. We describe the case of a boy with this syndrome, with elevated body weight and height and sexual identity disorder. These alterations have not previously been described in the scientific literature on Asperger syndrome.

Asperger Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

The formation of homosexual identities.

This paper uses sociological theory to develop an ideal-typical model of homosexual identity formation. The four-stage model outlined here represents a synthesis and an elaboration on previous research and theorizing on homosexual identity development. The model describes how committed homosexuals, lesbians and gay males who see themselves as homosexual and adopt corresponding lifestyles, recall having acquired their homosexual identities. Often repeated themes in the life histories of gay males and lesbians, clustered according to life stages, provide the content and characteristics of each stage.

Adaptation, Psychological↗