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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Vasospastic disorders.

Acute digital ischemia not due to thromboembolism may be the result of either a primary vasospastic disorder (Raynaud's disease, acrocyanosis, livedo reticularis) or vasospasm associated with a systemic, regional, or traumatic disorder (Raynaud's syndrome, cold injury). Raynaud's disease versus syndrome is distinguishable up to 95% of the time from clinical criteria.

Arteries↗
PubMed2000

Cold-induced peripheral vasodilation at high altitudes--a field study.

A significant reduction in cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is observed at high altitudes. No agreement is found in the literature about acclimatization effects on CIVD. Two studies were performed to investigate the effect of altitude acclimatization on CIVD. In the first study 13 male subjects immersed the distal phalanx of the left middle finger in water of 0 degrees C for 30 min to evoke CIVD. Five subjects were exposed to altitudes of 5,100 to 7,000 m for 45 days (A). Eight subjects were exposed to an altitude of 5,100 m for <3 days (NA). The groups did not differ in age, weight, and stature. No significant differences were observed between A and NA. However, the maximum finger skin temperature of group A tended to return to sea level values (6.9 +/- 3.2 degrees C at sea level vs. 6.0 +/- 0.7 degrees C at altitude), while a strong reduction was observed for the NA group (7.7 +/- 4.3 degrees C vs. 3.7 +/- 3.1 degrees C). This indicates that the CIVD response at altitude tended to be stronger for the acclimatized subjects. In a second study, nine males were followed in a longitudinal study. CIVD was measured before, during and after 7 days of exposure to 4,350 m. Maximum finger skin temperature before and after exposure did not differ (8.5 +/- 2.6 degrees C vs. 7.8 +/- 1.6 degrees C), and was reduced at altitude. There was no difference in maximum finger skin temperature between the 7 days at altitude (e.g., 5.3 +/- 2.7 degrees C at day 2 and 4.7 +/- 1.1 degrees C at Day 7). It can be concluded that no acclimatization effects of CIVD occur during the first 7 days of altitude exposure, but that differences may occur after altitude exposure of several weeks.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1992

Frozen cadaver. Antemortem versus postmortem.

Three categories of skin from Hanford miniature swine were examined microscopically: normal, unfrozen skin; skin exposed to -75 degrees C air for 5 min, 6 h postinjury; and skin frozen postmortem. Frostbitten skin (antemortem freezing) was characterized grossly by a purple discoloration and microscopically by dilated, blood-filled, superficial capillaries. Other changes in the frostbitten skin were vacuolated epithelial cells and dermal edema. Unfrozen skin (controls) and skin frozen postmortem were more difficult to differentiate. However, the epidermis of the latter usually was compressed and more basophilic. We concluded that skin frozen antemortem could be separated from skin frozen postmortem by its intense hyperemia, characterized grossly as a purple discoloration and microscopically by engorged capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Coverage of widely separate defects of the lower extremity: application of cluster analysis.

A patient with lower extremity reconstruction is presented with a radial forearm free flap designed using the cluster analysis method of cutaneous perforators. The cutaneous vascular anatomy of fasciocutaneous flaps is discussed as well as the application of the mathematical model of analysis of the vascular territories within specific flaps to assist in "custom" flap design. The ultimate goal of this technique is the creation of flaps that provide a more precise and anatomical reconstruction of the proposed defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Gangrene of toes with normal peripheral pulses.

Ten patients with pregangrenous and gangrenous changes of the toes in the presence of normal peripheral pulses are described. In the absence of diabetes this is an uncommon condition and is only rarely reported upon in the literature. Four patients had non occlusive arteriosclerotic changes in large arteries; three suffered from thrombocytosis and one from polycythemia vera; one patient had a monoclonal gamopathy and one was exposed to cold three months before the onset of gangrene. None of these patients smoked regularly. Severe pain usually preceded the gangrene. The process did not progress proximally in any patients, and in those who underwent toe amputations the healing was uneventful. Vasodilators and low-molecular dextran were not effective. Lumbar sympathectomy was performed in three patients, also with no effect on the course of the disease. Treatment of hematological disorders gave relief in three patients. Proximal arteriosclerotic changes should be corrected if possible to eliminate a source of emboli. In two patients anti-platelet aggregation agents provided relief. Toe amputation should be conservative and performed when definite demarcation appears between necrotic and viable tissue. This condition has a benign prognosis.

Adult↗