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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Web-based technology: its effects on small group "problem-based learning" interactions in a professional veterinary medical program.

The objective of this investigation was to ascertain whether and how the introduction of a new technology (WebCT) influenced faculty teaching styles while facilitating small group problem-based learning (PBL) sessions in a professional veterinary medical (PVM) program. The following questions guided the study: (1) How does the use of technology affect faculty teaching behaviors? (2) Do the facilitators' interactions with WebCT technology change over the course of one semester? (3) What is the perceived impact of WebCT on facilitators' role in PBL? The study employed a combination of qualitative (case study) and semi-quantitative (survey) methods to explore these issues. Nine clinical sciences faculty members, leading a total of six PBL groups, were observed over the course of an academic semester for a total of 20 instructional sessions. The qualitative data gathered by observing faculty as they facilitated PBL sessions yielded three major themes: (1) How do PBL facilitators adapt to the addition of WebCT technology? (2) Does this technology affect teaching? and (3) How do PBL facilitators interact with their students and each other over the course of a semester? No direct evidence was found to suggest that use of WebCT affected teaching behaviors (e.g., student-centered vs. teacher-centered instruction). However, all facilitators showed a moderate increase in comfort with the technology during the semester, and one participant showed remarkable gains in technology skills. The teaching theme provided insight into how facilitators foster learning in a PBL setting as compared to a traditional lecture. A high degree of variability in teaching styles was observed, but individuals' styles tended to remain stable over the course of the semester. Nevertheless, all facilitators interacted similarly with students, in a more caring and approachable manner, when compared to the classroom or clinic atmospheres.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1997

The realization of a haptic (force feedback) interface device for the purpose of angioplasty surgery simulation.

Simulation is becoming an increasingly accepted method for training personnel for complex or high risk tasks. With the advent of modern Virtual Reality (VR) technology, such simulations are becoming more and more immersive. One significant limitation to the advance of this science is the challenges associated with simulating the touch or feel of various tasks in conjunction with VR simulations. This work has focused on creating and assessing the feasibility of haptic technology for high fidelity surgery simulation. It has culminated in a prototypical interface device to provide tactile feedback during the simulation of complex interventional radiology procedures such as Angioplasty. This device extends state of the art motion control, distributed computing processes, high resolution sensors for real-time feedback, and modular design techniques to accomplish these goals. The realization of the device, its capabilities, interfacing requirements, its limitations, and future extensions will be presented here.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed2005

Introductory biology courses: a framework to support active learning in large enrollment introductory science courses.

Active learning and research-oriented activities have been increasingly used in smaller, specialized science courses. Application of this type of scientific teaching to large enrollment introductory courses has been, however, a major challenge. The general microbiology lecture/laboratory course described has been designed to incorporate published active-learning methods. Three major case studies are used as platforms for active learning. Themes from case studies are integrated into lectures and laboratory experiments, and in class and online discussions and assignments. Students are stimulated to apply facts to problem-solving and to learn research skills such as data analysis, writing, and working in teams. This course is feasible only because of its organizational framework that makes use of teaching teams (made up of faculty, graduate assistants, and undergraduate assistants) and Web-based technology. Technology is a mode of communication, but also a system of course management. The relevance of this model to other biology courses led to assessment and evaluation, including an analysis of student responses to the new course, class performance, a university course evaluation, and retention of course learning. The results are indicative of an increase in student engagement in research-oriented activities and an appreciation of real-world context by students.

Biology↗
PubMed1999

Technology applications in intervention for preschool-age children with language disorders.

Preschool-age children are capable of using computers and benefiting from developmentally appropriate software. Computer technology has been used successfully in therapy for young children with speech and language disorders; however, the clinician is a crucial factor in such success. Clinicians choose communication goals and appropriate software, plan precomputer activities, provide appropriate models and opportunities during the computer activity, and provide postcomputer activities that ensure the generalization of new skills. In this article, we discuss and illustrate the characteristics of developmentally appropriate computer-based activities and the role of clinicians in planning and implementing these activities for young children.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Use of technology to facilitate language skills in school-age children.

Technology offers numerous possibilities for facilitating language and literacy skills in school-age children and adolescents. Narrative skills can be addressed by the use of specialized programs as well as generic word processing software. Writing skills can be targeted due to the variety of possibilities for input as well as options for supporting spelling and syntax. Reading skills might be improved by the use of programs that focus on decoding, as well as hypertext tools that highlight the use of text patterns or signals.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed2004

Challenges and opportunities in diabetes care: improving outcomes with education, disease management, and new technologies.

In summary, point-of-care testing of beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, whether in the home or the physician's office, augments blood glucose monitoring and serves as an important tool for the routine management of diabetes. Through the timely use of beta-hydroxybutyrate monitoring, patients may be able to avert episodes of DKA, preventing significant morbidity and potential mortality. Furthermore, health care systems can be spared the substantial expense of hospital treatment of DKA and its consequences. The challenge for diabetes professionals comes with the need to establish blood ketone monitoring a routine part of diabetes care, similar in importance to blood glucose monitoring for patients with insulin-treated diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinicians' perceptions of the problem of antimicrobial resistance in health care facilities.

BACKGROUND: Many clinicians do not comply with guidelines regarding antimicrobial resistance (AR). In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed a national Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings that presents 4 strategies and 12 evidence-based steps. METHODS: To assess clinicians' perceptions of AR, barriers and facilitators to preventing AR, and how best to reach clinicians, a questionnaire and 4 focus groups were conducted after presentation of the Campaign at 4 Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative hospitals. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen clinicians completed the questionnaire; 28 participated in the focus groups. Clinicians were significantly more likely to perceive that AR was a problem nationally than in their own institution (95% vs 77%; P<.001) or practice (95% vs 65%; P =.002), consistent with focus group results (93% nationally vs 46% institution or practice). The 3 Campaign steps with the most barriers to implementation were "Treat infection, not colonization" (35%), "Stop treatment when infection is cured or unlikely" (35%), and "Practice antimicrobial control" (33%). Clinicians in the focus groups cited the additional barriers of the health care culture, lack of knowledge, and the nursing shortage; facilitators included education, information technology, and consults. Computer programs, posters, and local data were suggested for reaching clinicians about AR. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians perceive AR to be a complex national problem but less relevant to their own institution or practice. Providing clinicians with information and steps for preventing AR, as in the Campaign, may affect their perceptions of the problem and motivate them to take actions to ensure patient safety.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Workflow technology: the new frontier. How to overcome the barriers and join the future.

Hospitals are catching up to the business world in the introduction of technology systems that support professional practice and workflow. The field of case management is highly complex and interrelates with diverse groups in diverse locations. The last few years have seen the introduction of Workflow Technology Tools, which can improve the quality and efficiency of discharge planning by the case manager. Despite the availability of these wonderful new programs, many case managers are hesitant to adopt the new technology and workflow. For a myriad of reasons, a computer-based workflow system can seem like a brick wall. This article discusses, from a practitioner's point of view, how professionals can gain confidence and skill to get around the brick wall and join the future.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Laboratory medicine in the compulsory postgraduate clinical training system--newly revised program in Nihon University School of Medicine].

In 1999, the 4th report of the discussion group on 21st century medicine and health care proposed that it was necessary to establish in medical education a core curriculum emphasizing carefully selected basic content and to greatly expand the number of subjects that students might take electively. Following this report, a model core curriculum was made by the research and development project committee for medical educational programs in 2001. Similarly, the necessity of establishing a standardized postgraduate training curriculum and system has been discussed for many years. The Departments of Education and Technology and Welfare and Labor proposed a new curriculum named "Objectives in postgraduate clinical training" in order to ensure the quality of the medical doctors licensed to practice medicine in postgraduate clinical training in 2002. Following this new curriculum, Nihon University School of Medicine revised and enlarged its postgraduate program. All graduates are required to enter a full rotation program including general disciplines for two years. In addition to this basic curriculum, an elective curriculum will be added, providing attractive training programs based on medical trainees' needs. The training program in Laboratory Medicine is administered in the 2nd year as an elective program.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

MAT3D: a virtual reality modeling language environment for the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is an independent platform language that allows the creation of nonimmersive virtual environments (VEs) and their use through the Internet. In these VEs, the viewer may navigate and interact with virtual objects, moving around and visualizing them from different angles. Students can benefit from this technology, because it permits them access to objects, which describe the topics covered in their studies in addition to oral and written information. In this work, we investigate the aspects involved in the use of VEs in teaching and learning and propose a conceptual model, called MAT3D, as a learning environment that can be used for the teaching and learning of mathematics. A case study is also presented, in which students use a virtual environment modeled in VRML. Data resulting from this study is analyzed statistically to evaluate the impact of this prototype when applied to the actual teaching and learning of mathematics.

Educational Technology↗
PubMed2003

Virtual reality: new method of teaching anorectal and pelvic floor anatomy.

PURPOSE: A clear understanding of the intricate spatial relationships among the structures of the pelvic floor, rectum, and anal canal is essential for the treatment of numerous pathologic conditions. Virtual-reality technology allows improved visualization of three-dimensional structures over conventional media because it supports stereoscopic-vision, viewer-centered perspective, large angles of view, and interactivity. We describe a novel virtual reality-based model designed to teach anorectal and pelvic floor anatomy, pathology, and surgery. METHODS: A static physical model depicting the pelvic floor and anorectum was created and digitized at 1-mm intervals in a CT scanner. Multiple software programs were used along with endoscopic images to generate a realistic interactive computer model, which was designed to be viewed on a networked, interactive, virtual-reality display (CAVE or ImmersaDesk). A standard examination of ten basic anorectal and pelvic floor anatomy questions was administered to third-year (n = 6) and fourth-year (n = 7) surgical residents. A workshop using the Virtual Pelvic Floor Model was then given, and the standard examination was readministered so that it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the Digital Pelvic Floor Model as an educational instrument. RESULTS: Training on the Virtual Pelvic Floor Model produced substantial improvements in the overall average test scores for the two groups, with an overall increase of 41 percent (P = 0.001) and 21 percent (P = 0.0007) for third-year and fourth-year residents, respectively. Resident evaluations after the workshop also confirmed the effectiveness of understanding pelvic anatomy using the Virtual Pelvic Floor Model. CONCLUSION: This model provides an innovative interactive educational framework that allows educators to overcome some of the barriers to teaching surgical and endoscopic principles based on understanding highly complex three-dimensional anatomy. Using this collaborative, shared virtual-reality environment, teachers and students can interact from locations world-wide to manipulate the components of this model to achieve the educational goals of this project along with the potential for virtual surgery.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2003

Interactive instruction of cellular physiology for remote learning.

The biomedical sciences are a rapidly changing discipline that have adapted to innovative technological advances. Despite these many advances, we face two major challenges: a) the number of experts in the field is vastly outnumbered by the number of students, many of whom are separated geographically or temporally and b) the teaching methods used to instruct students and learners have not changed. Today's students have adapted to technology--they use the web as a source of information and communicate via email and chat rooms. Teaching in the biomedical sciences should adopt these new information technologies (IT), but has thus far failed to capitalize on technological opportunity. Creating a "digital textbook" of the traditional learning material is not sufficient for dynamic processes such as cellular physiology. This paper describes innovative teaching techniques that incorporate familiar IT and high-quality interactive learning content with user-centric instruction design models. The Virtual Labs Project from Stanford University has created effective interactive online teaching modules in physiology (simPHYSIO) and delivered them over broadband networks to their undergraduate and medical students. Evaluation results of the modules are given as a measure of success of such innovative teaching method. This learning media strategically merges IT innovations with pedagogy to produce user-driven animations of processes and engaging interactive simulations.

Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recognizing through feeling. A physical and computer simulation based on educational theory.

This article focuses on the educational theory underpinning computer-based simulation in professional education. An innovative computer-based physical simulation to facilitate student learning of assessment and palpation skills in midwifery has been developed to prototype stage and preliminary evaluations conducted. The learning experience explicitly builds on the learning and teaching theory--a "conversational framework"--developed by Laurillard. A template incorporating all the dimensions of the Laurillard framework in the learning experience is presented and discussed. It is argued that this template could have wider application especially in clinically based health science courses. The case-based learning environment allows the students to solve problems and make valid clinical judgments. Throughout the learning experiences, students effectively examine a pregnant woman while interrelating their experiences with the academic knowledge of the teacher (a world of "descriptions"). The structure for learning relies on a mechanism for identifying and addressing the misunderstandings students initially hold. The creation of situations of cognitive conflict in the student's world of action (Laurillard's concept of intrinsic feedback) is seen as central to the learning experience. Finally, the article will canvass the issues faced by a project team designing and developing a technology-based educational package around an educational theory.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

Use of information technology to improve quality of healthcare: Kosova's telemedicine project and international virtual e-hospital as an example.

The idea to create the Telemedicine Project of Kosova and the International Virtual e-Hospital Network of Kosova, was presented at G8-Meeting, in Berlin May 4-5, 2000, by the senior author (RL) then Assistant Professor of Surgery at Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond, Virginia during the presentation, the "The anatomy of war and destruction of Kosova: The alumni view on reconstruction of heath in Kosova". Following wide spread acceptance by many countries and institutions around the world of the idea of creating a virtual e-hospital in Kosova,, became a reality. To ensure the creation of a telemedicine center and realization of the project in Kosova, the Telemedicine Association of Kosova was created in Prishtina, September 30, 2000. On February 2, 2001 a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the implementation of TPK was signed between all stakeholders in health in Kosova. After extensive preparation, with the funding from the European Agency for Reconstruction, the Telemedicine Center of Kosova (TCK) was inaugurated on December 10, 2002, making way for the official beginning of the first phase of development of the TPK. This historical moment for Kosova and for the Balkan countries received extensive media coverage locally and abroad. Currently we are at the second year and phase of TPK realization. The Telemedicine Center of Kosova (TCK) is a state-of-the-art telemedicine center, the best in the Balkan and southeastern Europe. As such TCK is providing basic foundations for development of educational medical programs within the Kosova's medical system; as well it is establishing the standards of regional and international consultations and collaboration in the Balkan Peninsula. Furthermore, it is providing a solid basis for creation of human capacity that will lead and implement telemedicine program in the nine regional telemedicine centers of Kosova, for many years and decades to come.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

Creating a virtual sanctuary for scholars.

When people work together digitally, material can be added to a safe shared environment at anytime and can be accessed anywhere. The solutions generate new questions and new problems that then become interconnected. Cultivating this new and rapidly evolving technology of peer-to-peer platforms (1) may prove to be an extremely cost effective way to solve complex institutional or individual dilemmas. The solutions reflect the richness of two or more protected and engaged scholars or institutions working together with a refined degree of connection. After all, as Philip Condit, the CEO of the Boeing Company is often quoted as saying ... "none of us is as smart as all of us." The path to global connection hinges on relationships that are made and sustained one at a time. Progress together along the path similarly is made one step at a time. Sustained progress requires compelling reasons to do this in ways that are consonant with what it means to be human.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2005

An inexpensive gel electrophoresis-based polymerase chain reaction method for quantifying mRNA levels.

In order to engage their students in a core methodology of the new genomics era, an ever-increasing number of faculty at primarily undergraduate institutions are gaining access to microarray technology. Their students are conducting successful microarray experiments designed to address a variety of interesting questions. A next step in these teaching and research laboratory projects is often validation of the microarray data for individual selected genes. In the research community, this usually involves the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technology that requires instrumentation and reagents that are prohibitively expensive for most undergraduate institutions. The results of a survey of faculty teaching undergraduates in classroom and research settings indicate a clear need for an alternative approach. We sought to develop an inexpensive and student-friendly gel electrophoresis-based PCR method for quantifying messenger RNA (mRNA) levels using undergraduate researchers as models for students in teaching and research laboratories. We compared the results for three selected genes measured by microarray analysis, real-time PCR, and the gel electrophoresis-based method. The data support the use of the gel electrophoresis-based method as an inexpensive, convenient, yet reliable alternative for quantifying mRNA levels in undergraduate laboratories.

Biology↗