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PubMed1987

[Effects of overall food restriction on embryo-fetal development in the rat].

The effects of different levels of food restriction on the fetal-embryo development have been tested in rats (Sprague Dawley) weighing 250 g. Experimental groups received 100 (control), 75, 50 or 25% of mean daily consumed food containing 17% of proteins, either from the coupling (Day 1) or from the nestling (Day 6) and till the sacrifice (Day 21). The weight of the mothers and the fetus is diminished in function of the degree and the duration of the food restriction. The study of the maternal growth shows an adaptation to the food restriction as well as the pregnancy anabolism. The last one is not observed in the females presenting an early embryonic mortality. The nestling is not affected in any of the groups and the embryonic mortality is only observed at the highest restricted level in 1/10 female restricted from Day 6 on and in 5/10 of the rats restricted from Day 1 on. In these last ones, the emaciation between Day 1 and Day 21 after hysterectomy is 37% and the growth of the surviving fetuses is only 40% of the controls. Embryonic mortality most often precocious (before the 10th Day) shows a phenomenon of "all or none" and touches the entire litter of the females concerned; the others maintain a normal pregnancy. The fetal growth seems privileged as compared with the maternal growth. These restrictions have neither influenced the sex ratio, nor induced any specific teratogenic effect: the delayed ossification seems to be expressed precociously on the 5th sternebra.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Survival versus nonsurvival determinants for neonatal harbor seals.

Of 29 neonatal harbor seals that had been abandoned, separated from their mothers, or stranded in the wild, 22 succumbed during hospitalization at the California Marine Mammal Center in the spring of 1982. Compared with standard reported harbor seal pup measurements, 8 of the nonsurviving pups were premature (ie, creamy-white lanugo coat, early pupping season birthdate, and decreased body size [6 to 10 cm shorter and 2.3 to 4.5 kg less than normal]). The premature pups and the young pups (less than or equal to 10 days old) had at least two of the following findings: jaundice, emaciation, labored respiration, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglobulinemia, or leukopenia. Most of the nonsurviving pups died within 96 hours after admission. Macroscopic and microscopic findings indicated that a high percentage of these pups had pulmonary congestion and edema (72.7%), alveolar squamous cells/debris (27.3%), and/or congenital cardiac anomalies (ie, patent ductus arteriosus [63.6%] and patent foramen ovale [45.4%]). Two older pups (greater than 10 days old) died from chronic bacterial infections, accompanied by adrenal cortical hyperplasia. The 7 surviving pups had adult spotted pelage, normal body weights (9 to 11 kg), normal globulin concentrations (3.0 to 5.1 g/dl), and normal WBC counts (7 to 9 X 10(3)/microliters) and did not have clinical signs of icterus or respiratory distress.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cryptosporidiosis in guinea pigs: a retrospective study.

Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 81 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) from 1979 through 1985 at a research animal diagnostic laboratory. Most of the guinea pigs were juveniles of Hartley stock and originated from 6 commercial laboratory animal suppliers or from one pet store supplier. Common clinical signs reported were failure to gain weight, weight loss, diarrhea, and death. At necropsy, macroscopic findings included emaciation, hyperemia of the small intestine, serosal edema of the cecal wall, and increased fluidity of ingesta throughout the intestines. Oval to round cryptosporidia (1 to 4 microns) were seen microscopically within or on the brush border of mucosal epithelial cells from the duodenum through the cecum. Acute histologic lesions consisted of necrosis and sloughing of enterocytes at the villus tips, inflammation, hyperemia and edema of the lamina propria, and hyperplasia of crypt epithelium. More chronic lesions consisted of marked villus bridging or villus fusion and blunting, metaplasia of the mucosal epithelium, and lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Social and biocultural determinants of food selection.

Health professionals concerned with improving the nutritional status of populations are facing numerous problems ranging from emaciation to overnutrition. This review article addresses the complexity, the relative significance and the interaction of factors leading to the nutritional profile of specific groups and individuals. When availability of food is threatened, the programs designed to reduce the incidence of malnutrition must balance the food supply with energy resources and population needs as well as encourage economic improvement of food distribution systems. For those persons having access to an abundant food supply, social forces and technological factors may affect food patterns, resulting in unbalanced diets associated with chronic diseases. Misinterpretation of reliable scientific findings is a major cause of abnormal nutrition behaviour. Overreaction to health messages may precipitate such conditions as anorexia nervosa or nutrient toxicity. Adverse food reactions, real or imagined, lead to restrictions in food selection. Excessive austerity in food use negates the pleasure of eating, a useful mechanism in food choice ensuring food diversity.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1987

[Metastatic renal tumor from esophageal carcinoma].

A 65-year-old woman, who had undergone total esophagectomy for cancer one year prior to admission, noted asymptomatic gross hematuria. Therefore, she was referred to our department in July, 1983. Physical examination revealed a hard, irregular and nontender mass in the left upper abdomen. Excretory urography revealed a space-occupying lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney. Selective renal angiography revealed a hypovascular mass and encasement of the renal artery. Percutaneous renal artery embolization was performed two weeks prior to nephrectomy. At surgery, the left kidney was adhered to the surrounding tissue and it was hard to dissect. Paraaortic lymph nodes were swollen and a couple of them were biopsied. The histopathological report of the tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy, but the postoperative course was poor and the patient emaciated gradually. She did ten weeks after operation and autopsy was refused. Metastases of malignant tumor to the kidney are rarely encountered in clinical cases and, to our knowledge, this case seems to be the forth metastatic renal tumor from esophageal cancer in the Japanese literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Clinicopathologic findings associated with chronic renal disease in cats: 74 cases (1973-1984).

The historic, physical, laboratory, and histologic findings for 74 cats with chronic renal disease were reviewed. Most cats were older, and no breed or sex predilection was detected. This most common clinical signs detected by owners were lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss. Dehydration and emaciation were common physical examination findings. Common laboratory findings were nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, azotemia, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, and isosthenuria. The most common morphologic diagnosis was chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis of unknown cause. The other pathologic diagnoses were renal lymphosarcoma, renal amyloidosis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic renal disease, and pyogranulomatous nephritis secondary to feline infectious peritonitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Severe pleuritis associated with certain strains of Pasteurella multocida in swine.

Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 2 farms on which grower or finisher pigs had problems of severe emaciation and high death loss (greater than 5%). At necropsy, the pigs had extensive suppurative pleuritis and pericarditis, with adhesions over the lung surface. On one farm, the pigs also had multiple lung abscesses. Histologic findings included polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in bronchial and alveolar spaces, thickening of alveolar walls, pleuritis, and in some cases, abscesses. From all pigs, P multocida was isolated. The strains (A52, A59) were serotype A and were nontoxigenic. Experimental reproduction of the disease was achieved by sequentially infecting conventionally weaned pigs intranasally with pseudorabies virus; 7 days later, infection with selected P multocida laboratory strains (A50 and D82, A52 and A59) was achieved. At necropsy, pigs inoculated with strains A59 and A52 (serotype A, pleurotropic) had more severe lesions (P less than 0.05) than those inoculated with strain A50 (serotype A, pneumotropic). Also, pigs infected with strains A59 and A52 had extensive pleuritis and abscessation, which were not observed in the other groups. Strain D82 (serotype D) was not capable of producing pneumonia or pleuritis. Pleuritis and abscessation may be associated with certain P multocida strains that are serotype A, but not with others. These pleurotropic strains seem to be more virulent than pneumotropic strains, and infection with the former may result in extensive pleuritis and abscess formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Association of anorexia nervosa and mitral valve prolapse].

Four cases of anorexia nervosa recently encountered were reported in respect to their cardiovascular manifestations including prolapse of the cardiac valves and other poorly recognized cardiac findings. All four patients, aged 13 to 32 years, were women and had marked emaciation (35 to 44% weight loss of the ideal body weight) with typical hormone abnormalities. Chest radiographs showed a small cardiac shadow, and sinus bradycardia with low voltage was present in their electrocardiograms. One case, 13-year-old, had a mid-systolic click and occasionally a late systolic murmur, and also an abdominal continuous hum. Echocardiography including two-dimensional color flow-mapping disclosed mitral valve prolapse in all, and tricuspid valve prolapse in two. Mild to moderate pericardial effusion was noted in all between the right ventricle and diaphragm, and pericardiocentesis in one case had no effect on the valve movements. No inflammatory changes were observed in the specimen of the pericardium and also of the fluid. An association of mitral valve prolapse and anerexia nervosa was discussed based on the previous studies, but the final conclusion remains unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The toxicity of Burttia prunoides in rats and goats.

Studies of the toxicity of the leaves and seeds of the plant Burttia prunoides from Singida district of Tanzania were conducted in rats and goats. One group of rats was drenched with a decoction of powdered seeds or leaves while the other group was fed rations containing different proportions of powdered seeds or leaves. The goats were drenched with aqueous suspensions of powdered seeds or leaves. All animals were observed for behavioral changes and clinical signs. Leaves were not toxic to the rats or the goats. In rats the seeds induced a severe acute central nervous system (CNS) disorder and death and also a subacute syndrome characterized by emaciation and milder CNS signs. In goats the seeds induced a severe CNS disorder where unlike the rats the animals did recover. Postmortem findings in the rats included hemorrhage and inflammation of the glandular stomach and edema and congestion of the lungs, brain and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The kidneys were congested and showed complete nephrosis of the proximal tubular epithelium. Livers were congested and had focal areas of necrosis. The findings in this study resemble those obtained in calves and sheep using the same plant.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1986

Whipworm (Trichuris discolor) infection in dairy replacement heifers.

Trichuriasis caused by Trichuris discolor was diagnosed in a 19-month-old Holstein heifer examined because of emaciation, diarrhea, recumbency, and oral ulceration. The heifer's problem was representative of a herd problem involving pastured replacement heifers. Euthanasia was elected due to the heifer's moribund state and poor prognosis. Gross necropsy revealed subcutaneous edema and diffuse edema of the colon, with hundreds of adult Trichuris discolor in the cecum and colon. Histologic examination revealed multifocal subacute necrotizing colitis, with many adult Trichuris discolor embedded in the mucosa. Treatment instituted on the farm consisted of levamisole hydrochloride at a dosage of 6 mg/kg of body weight. Favorable response was documented by clinical improvement and elimination of fecal shedding of trichurid eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic. Subacute toxicity study in rats.

(2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin X HCl (THP), a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally for 13 weeks. In rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg/day, piloerection, emaciation, loose feces and thickening of the injection site were evident, and 7 males and 2 females died after week 12. Inferior body weight gain was observed in both sexes starting week 4 approximately 6. The food consumption also decreased. Hematological examination revealed lower counts of total leucocyte and lymphocyte. At termination there were lower spleen, thymus and testes weights, thickening of the walls of the intestine and stomach, gastric ulceration, presence of ascitic fluid, and congestion and thickening at the injection site. Decreases in the lymphocyte populations of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were observed microscopically. A decrease in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and a degeneration of the germinal epithelium in the testes were also seen, as were gastrointestinal disturbances. These treatment-related effects were mainly confined to rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg/day and to a lesser extent, to rats receiving 0.1 mg/kg/day. The effects on rats receiving 0.025 mg/kg/day were only at the microscopic level. No rats receiving 0.006 mg/kg/day were toxicologically affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic. Chronic toxicity study in rats.

(2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin X HCl (THP), a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (each group 20 rats) intraperitoneally at dosages of 0.001, 0.008, 0.06 and 0.3 mg/kg/day for 53 weeks. Piloerection, loose feces or perianal staining and thin or emaciated build were observed from week 12 in rats receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day. All rats receiving 0.3 mg/kg/day and 3 males and 1 female receiving 0.06 mg/kg/day died or were prematurely sacrificed in the period from weeks 13 to 44. The overall food consumption and body weight gain of both sexes receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day were lower than those of the controls. Hematological examination showed low leucocyte counts, disturbance in neutrophil and lymphocyte number and low erythrocytic characteristics in animals receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day. At necropsy, macroscopic changes were found at the injection site, throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the male reproductive system in rats receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed decrease in the small lymphocyte population in the hematopoietic and lymphoid system in rats receiving 0.008 to 0.3 mg/kg/day. Degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the subcapsular tubules of the testes, gastric ulceration, epithelial adnexal atrophy of the skin and chronic cellulitis and necrosis at the injection sites were also observed. No rats receiving 0.001 mg/kg/day were affected in these respects.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Generalized steatitis associated with selenium deficiency and normal vitamin E status in a foal.

A 7-month-old male Quarter Horse was examined because of severe cachexia, which had begun 2 months earlier. The foal was emaciated and weak despite an excellent appetite. Percutaneous biopsy revealed multiple areas of subcutaneous steatitis with mineralization. Radiography demonstrated calcification of the nuchal ligament. The foal died 9 days after admission. Necropsy revealed mineralized lesions throughout the fascial planes and adipose tissues of the thorax, abdomen, and skeletal muscles, with little to no involvement of muscular tissue. Serum magnesium, copper, and thyroxine concentrations were slightly lower than normal. The serum selenium concentration was unusually low. Renal selenium content was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that in similarly prepared sections of kidneys from 3 clinically normal ponies. Low dietary selenium intake was suspected as the cause of the problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A case of multiple teratomas combined with embryonal carcinoma].

It is rare to find primary multiple teratomas among intracranial tumors. We report a case of multiple teratomas combined with embryonal carcinoma. A 22-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of loss of appetite and emaciation. Neurological examination was negative except bilateral optic nerve atrophy and generalized hyperreflexia. The endocrinological study showed panhypopituitarism and partial DI. CT scan revealed irregularly enhanced abnormal masses involving suprasellar cistern and the septum pellucidum. The tumors were removed by the transcallosal approach, and the histopathological study showed mature teratoma which contained cartilage, epithelium of GI tract, ciliated epithelium, smooth muscle, fat tissue. Within the tumor of the septum pellucidum, nests of markedly pleomorphic epithelial tumor cells with necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism and mitosis were identified, embryonal carcinoma. At necropsy, no carcinomatous lesions were identified in other organs. Multiple teratomas from nonmetastatic, separate origins have been rate by reported in the literature. In our case, histologically, the mass in the suprasellar cistern was diagnosed as mature teratoma and the mass of the septum pellucidum was mature teratoma combined with embryonal carcinoma. It seemed likely that each of the tumors was developed from different origins.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Chronic intravenous toxicity studies of potassium clavulanate and BRL28500 in dogs].

The chronic toxicity of potassium clavulanate (CVA-K) and BRL28500 were evaluated using dogs in 26-week intravenous administration studies followed by a 5-week off-dose period. The doses for CVA-K and BRL28500 were 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg (p.f.a.), and 80, 160, 320 and 800 mg/kg (p.f.a.) respectively. There were no deaths in either of the groups. For general condition, dogs dosed with CVA-K at 100 mg/kg showed reddening of the skin and mucous membranes, shaking of the head, facial oedema, a decrease in food intake and a reduction in body weight. Also some dogs of the same group showed decreased spontaneous activity, emaciation and signs of dehydration. In the BRL28500 treatment groups, there was reddening of the skin and mucous membranes, vomiting and salivation at 800 mg/kg. Urinalysis of dogs dosed with CVA-K showed occasional dark yellow coloration of the urine. There was also a very weak and equivocal response or positive reaction for protein, occult blood, and urine sugar in some animals at 100 mg/kg. Some dogs dosed with BRL28500 also showed either a very weak and equivocal response or slight positive reaction for occult blood at 320 mg/kg and above, and dark yellow coloration of the urine at 800 mg/kg. Haematological examination of the CVA-K groups showed increases in leukocyte count and platelet count at the highest dose of 100 mg/kg. No haematological abnormalities were noted in any of the BRL28500 groups. Serum biochemical studies of dogs dosed with CVA-K revealed a decrease in total protein at 50 mg/kg and above, and increases in Al-P, total bilirubin, GPT, BUN and creatinine at 100 mg/kg. In the BRL28500 treatment groups, there were increases in total cholesterol and triglyceride at 160 mg/kg and above. In dogs dosed with CVA-K there was an increase in liver weight at 100 mg/kg. Histopathological examination showed a ground glass-like appearance of the hepatocyte cytoplasm and also altered distribution of PAS positive material at 50 mg/kg and above. In the BRL28500 groups, there was an increase in liver weight at 320 mg/kg and above. There were the same ground glass-like appearance in hepatocytes and altered distribution of PAS positive material at 800 mg/kg. In view of the above results, the maximum non-effect dose levels in the present studies were considered to be 20 mg/kg for CVA-K and 80 mg/kg for BRL28500.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the parenteral feeding regimen on postoperative nitrogen sparing. Comparison of 3 regimens containing 0%, 30% and 50% lipid calories].

Forty one non emaciated patients undergoing major visceral surgery were randomly divided into three groups according to the postoperative parenteral diet (0% fat versus 30% or 50% fat). During five days daily nitrogen balance was studied. There was no evidence of any significant difference between the group 0% and the group 50%. On the other hand significant differences occurred in group 30% on the second, third and fifth postoperative days. The responsibility of inappropriate glucose intakes in envisaged.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

[Progressive dysautonomia in hemangioblastoma in the region of the fourth ventricle].

Tumors of the posterior fossa presenting orthostatic hypotension are rare and only nine cases have been reported so far. The locations of almost all these tumors were near the fourth ventricle and three of them were hemangioblastoma. A case of a tumor of the fourth ventricle showing autonomic disturbances mainly composed of orthostatic hypotension is reported. A 42-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Neurology of Chiba University Hospital on June 25th, 1981 because of three years' history of autonomic disturbances including orthostatic syncope, impotence, urinary disturbance and bowel dysfunction such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. He also complained of weight loss and staggering of gait to the left side. On admission, the patient was emaciated being 50 kg in weight and 172 cm in height. Neurological examination revealed hippus of bilateral pupils in light reflex, saccadic eye movement, slightly hypoactive deep tendon reflexes, mild terminal oscillations in bilateral finger-to-nose test, oscillation in the left heel-to-knee test, staggering tendency of gait to the left, slightly impaired tactile and thermal sensations in distal parts of the legs. Autonomic disturbances were showed by orthostatic hypotension (BP 104-50 in supine and 70-40 in sitting position), impotence, weight loss, anorexia, decrease of sweating, spontaneous yawning and loss of sensation of bladder fullness. About 5 weeks after admission, he began to complain of temporal headache and showed impairment of memory, drowsiness, paroxysmal apnea and papilledema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Extrahepatic cholestasis due to pancreas fibrosis in a trotter].

A trotter stallion showing symptoms of emaciation was suspected of disease of the liver associated with cholestasis in view of clinical symptoms (poor appetite, sluggishness, jaundice and oedema) and the results of examination of the blood (increased concentrations of gamma-glutamyl, transpeptidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and markedly increased conjugated bilirubin). A specimen removed at biopsy of the liver revealed the presence of portal fibrosis and severe cholestasis. At autopsy, it was found that very extensive fibrosis of the pancreas (probably due to migrating larvae of parasites) had caused extrahepatic cholestasis accompanied by fibrosis of the liver. The lesions of the coronary border, which were also present in this horse, could not be accounted for.

Animals↗