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Dark-field microscopy, fuchsin stain and Fontana silver stain were used for a rapid detection of spirochaetes in fresh materials from patients with Lyme-borreliosis. The spirochaetes were shown to be present in 2 cerebrospinal fluids, 2 synovial fluids and in one brain cyst fluid. It is pointed out that these techniques require further improvement and optimization.
A series of 39 dogs bearing spontaneous mammary carcinomas or melanomas were tested for tumor-directed immune response against allogeneic Formalin-treated tumor cells. The immune response was assessed by the direct leukocyte migration inhibition technique. Comparison of leukocytes from tumor bearers and healthy donors by chi-square analysis showed no statistical difference between the groups. The findings did not provide evidence for the existence of specific tumor antigens in the dog.
A new frameshift mutation due to an insertion of G between codon 14/15 of the beta-globin gene was found in two unrelated Chinese patients with Cooley's anemia. The first patient (W.S.) was homozygous for haplotype 5 (Chinese) and carried a codon 41/42 (four base pair deletion) mutant, while the second patient (C.K.) was homozygous for haplotype 2 (Chinese), and also had a codon 17 (A----T) nonsense mutation. Molecular cloning and M13 sequencing of the beta gene in patient W.S. revealed that the new mutant was found in a beta-globin gene framework type 3 (Asian). Direct sequencing was performed on polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA from patient C.K. With the new mutation, an additional BstNI or EcoRII recognition site is generated and the abnormal restriction fragment (134 basepair) can be directly visualized on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the amplified genomic DNA.
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The predominant procoagulant factor VIII (VIII:C) form in normal human plasma containing various combinations of anticoagulants and serine/cysteine protease inhibitors is a protein with mol wt 2.6 +/- 0.2 X 10(5). This protein can be detected by 125I-anti-VIII:C Fab binding and gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and is distinct from the subunit of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (VIII:vWF) multimers. No larger VIII:C form is present in plasma from patients with severe congenital deficiencies of each of the coagulation factors, other than VIII:C. The mol wt approximately 2.6 X 10(5) VIII:C form is, therefore, likely to be the in vivo procoagulant form of VIII:C, rather than a partially proteolyzed, partially activated derivative of a larger precursor. About 60% of this procoagulant mol wt approximately 2.6 X 10(5) VIII:C form in plasma is present in noncovalent complexes with larger VIII:vWF multimers, which attach reversibly to platelet surfaces in the presence of ristocetin. This VIII:vWF-bound protein of mol wt approximately 2.6 X 10(5) may be the plasma procoagulant form of VIII:C which, after proteolytic activation, accelerates the IXa-mediated cleavage and activation of X postulated to occur on platelet surfaces.
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It is possible to define a strategy for experimentally demonstrating that natural selection acts directly on a particular polymorphic locus, rather than on other loci in linkage disequilibrium with it. This strategy has been applied to the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster and has provided very strong evidence that the polymorphism is directly subject to selection. It is equally applicable to other polymorphisms and offers the hope of resolving the long-standing debate about the causes of enzyme variation.
The effect of the sample matrix type (water and aqueous solutions containing phosphate buffer, 3-[cyclohexylamino]-1-propanesulfonic acid [CAPS], and sodium chloride solutions) on the migration behavior and peak parameters of As(III), As(V), and dimethylarsinate was studied. CAPS is found to be the most effective additive for As(III) peak amplification. The reasons for additive influence are discussed. The pH of the carrier electrolyte has been optimized with respect to As(III) peak height and shift of the peak position in electropherograms from the position of the sample matrix plug. Under optimal conditions, a peak efficiency expressed as the number of theoretical plates per meter (N) of 50,460 and a detection limit of 0.05 mg L-1 for As(III) were achieved.