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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Differences in migration inhibitory factor production by C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.

Two strains of mice, BALB/c and C57Bl/6, which are known to differ in their inflammatory responsiveness to allergens, were analyzed regarding their expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Allergic contact dermatitis to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene and irritant contact dermatitis to croton oil were studied immunohistologically at designated time intervals after elicitation. BALB/c mice presented a significantly more intense ear swelling response than C57Bl/6 mice and showed a strong endothelial MIF expression in the early phase of inflammation in both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Endothelial MIF expression was much weaker in C57Bl/6 mice. Furthermore, the infiltration rate of inflammatory cells (MIF+ and BM8+ macrophages, Lyt2+ and L3T4+ T cells) was significantly higher in BALB/c than in C57Bl/6 mice. We conclude that genetically determined differences of susceptibility to allergens and irritants in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice are reflected by the intensity of MIF expression in the microvascular endothelium and immigrating inflammatory cells. MIF seems to appear as first molecular equivalent of developing inflammation and probably determines the degree of cellular infiltration.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Allergic contact dermatitis to dyclonine hydrochloride simulating extensive herpes simplex labialis.

Two patients developed allergic contact dermatitis to 1% dyclonine hydrochloride gel, a nonprescription topical anesthetic widely marketed for the symptomatic treatment of herpes simplex labialis. Both patients mistakenly believed that the eruption was expanding herpes simplex labialis, which resulted in their more frequent application of the dyclonine hydrochloride and a delay in diagnosis. Dermatologists should recognize that 1% dyclonine hydrochloride gel can cause allergic contact dermatitis that can masquerade as widespread herpes simplex labialis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Ultrastructural features of mast cells in picryl chloride (PCL)-induced contact dermatitis in IQI/Jic mice.

Mast cells are one of the major effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as contact dermatitis. In the present study, ultrastructural features of mast cells in contact dermatitis were examined. Namely, the ear of IQI/Jic mice was topically applied with picryl chloride (PCL) at 4 (1st), 11 (2nd), 18 (3rd) and 25 days (4th) after the sensitization with PCL to the abdominal skin. The changes in the ear swelling responses, total serum IgE levels and histology including mast cell numbers were similar to those of previous reports by our research group (Ikeda et al. 2000; Jung et al. 2001). Ultrastructurally, after the 1st application, a close spacial relationship between mast cells and neutrophils and phagocytosis of mast cell granules by neutrophils were observed. Mast cells generally contained non-fused swollen granules filled with altered contents with low electron density and showed an extrusion of membrane-free granules through membrane pores. In addition, interestingly, a few mast cells secreted membrane-bound granules into the dermis without leaving cell membrane damage. After the 4th application when the number of mast cells prominently increased and the total serum IgE level was greatly elevated, in addition to mast cells showing typical anaphylactic degranulation, many mast cells probably in the recovery process from degranulation and several immature mast cells characterized by well-developed Golgi apparatus, many ribosomes and a few electron-dense secretory granules in the peripheral cytoplasm were also observed at the same time. The present results clarified the ultrastructural features of mast cells in the course of PCL-induced contact dermatitis in IQI/Jic mice.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1994

Identification of causative chemicals of allergic contact dermatitis using a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis. Application to cases from rubber gloves.

5 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from rubber gloves were investigated by our recommended procedures using a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis of causative rubber products by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We previously confirmed that zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate (ZEPC), a dithiocarbamae-type accelerator (DTC), was causative in a case of allergic contact dermatitis from rubber work gloves. Subsequently, we have clarified that DTCs such as zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ZDMC), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) and amines such as dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine (DEA) and piperidine (PIP) were also causative in cases from surgical rubber gloves. Thus, our investigative studies revealed that, although thiurams have been taken much more notice of as allergenic compounds than their corresponding DTCs and amines, not only DTCs such as ZDMC, ZDEC, ZDBC and ZEPC, but also amines such as DMA, DEA and PIP were noteworthy causative candidates of allergic contact dermatitis from rubber gloves.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis is a significant cause of cutaneous disease affecting many individuals. Patch testing, when used properly, often provides support for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: This article reports patch testing results from July 1, 1994, to June 30, 1996, by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG). METHODS: Patients evaluated in our patch test clinics were tested with the same screening series of allergens by the use of a standardized patch testing technique. The data from these patients were recorded on a standard computer entry form and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-nine allergens were tested on 3120 patients. Budesonide was added to the series in July 1995 and tested on 1678 patients. Of these patients, 66.5% had positive allergic patch test reactions, and 57% had at least one allergic reaction that was felt to be clinically relevant to the present or past dermatitis. The 20 screening allergens commercially available to United States dermatologists in the Allergen Patch Test Kit, accounted for only 54.1% of the patients with positive allergic reactions. The additional 30 allergens on the NACDG screening series accounted for 47% of patients with positive allergic reactions. Had the Allergen Patch Test Kit alone been used, 12.4% of all patients tested may have had their disease misclassified as a nonallergic disorder, and an additional 34.4% of all tested patients would not have had their allergies fully defined. Among those patients with positive responses to the supplemental allergens, 81% of the responses were of present or past relevance. The 12 most frequent contact allergens were nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, thimerosal, quaternium-15, neomycin sulfate, formaldehyde, bacitracin, thiuram mix, balsam of Peru, cobalt chloride, para-phenylenediamine, and carba mix. The present relevance varied with the specific allergen from 10.7% (thimerosal) to 85.7% (quaternium-15). Among newer allergens, methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol (cosmetic preservative) caused positive allergic reactions in 2% of the patients; tixocortol-21-pivalate and budesonide (corticosteroids), in 2.0% and 1.1% of the patients, respectively; and ethylene urea/melamine formaldehyde mix (textile resin), in 5% of the patients. CONCLUSION: The usefulness of patch testing is enhanced with the number of allergens tested, because allergens not found on the commercially available screening series in the United States frequently give relevant allergic reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed1976

Contact dermatitis from radiata pine.

Sawdust from radiata pine trees which are grown extensively throughout South Australia causes various forms of contact dermatitis. The various forms are described in nine cases which illustrate that the early diagnosis of industrial dermatitis is necessary to prevent the condition from becoming chronic. A chance association between colophony in radiata pine sawdust and colophony in adhesive plaster, which caused contact dermatitis when used in patch testing, led to the discovery of these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A single accidental exposure may result in a chemical burn, primary sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis.

It is known from experimental studies that antigenic potency and the concentration of antigen determine whether exposure to an antigen will result in sensitization. A single accidental exposure to concentrated antigen may therefore induce primary sensitization. The purpose of this report was to collect clinical cases in which a single exposure had resulted in contact dermatitis suspected to be allergic. Only patients without previous relevant skin symptoms were included. Patch testing was used to demonstrate sensitization. 6 patients developed occupational allergic contact dermatitis from accidental exposure. Patch testing revealed allergy to diglycidylether of bisphenol A epoxy resin, polyfunctional aziridine hardener, methyl acrylate, phenol-formaldehyde resin, and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (Kathon LX), respectively. Furthermore, 2 patients developed allergic contact dermatitis from their first exposure to tear gas chemicals, namely omega-chloroacetophenone and ortho-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile. A single exposure can therefore induce both sensitization and subsequent allergic contact dermatitis without further exposure. The allergens described must be considered strong allergens. The skin should immediately be cleaned if an accidental splash with such an allergen has taken place.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

Fungicide-induced contact dermatitis.

Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TCPN) is an agricultural and horticultural fungicide used in many parts of the world. In Northern Europe it is also used as a wood preservative. The substance has well-known toxic properties through skin contact, and has recently been reported as inducing allergic contact dermatitis. We report an epidemic of contact dermatitis in a Norwegian wooden-ware factory, which we attribute to TCPN. 14 out of 20 workers had skin complaints which were work related. Half of these cases were shown to be of allergic origin. The toxic and allergic properties of TCPN render this compound unsuitable for use in the wooden-ware industry. A re-evaluation of its use in agriculture and horticulture seems appropriate.

Dermatitis, Contact↗