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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Evidence for a B lymphocyte defect underlying the anti-X anti-erythrocyte autoantibody response of NZB mice.

The autoimmune hemolytic anemia of NZB mice is pathogenetically mediated by a genetically prescribed anti-erythrocyte autoantibody response directed to the X erythrocyte autoantigen. The cellular locus of the immunoregulatory defect underlying the anti-X response was explored by adoptively transferring bone marrow cells (BMC) from NZB mice to lethally irradiated histocompatible recipients. Before adoptive transfer, BMC from donor mice were assayed for antigen-binding lymphocytes with receptors for the X autoantigen (X-ABL) by immunocytoadherence assays and for anti-X autoantibody-secreting cells (X-PFC) by plaque-forming cell assays. Twelve weeks after adoptive transfer, splenic lymphocytes from recipient mice were assayed for X-PFC and humoral anti-X autoantibody by Coombs' tests. Transfer of 15 to 30 x 10(6) BMC containing 6 to 12 x 10(3) X-ABL but no X-PFC from 6- to 8-week-old NZB mice to lethally irradiated BALB/c, B10.D2, C57BL/Ks, and DBA/2 mice produced X-PFC in 70% of the recipients. Development of X-PFC was not simply dependent upon available X-ABL since transfer of 15-30 x 10(6) BMC, containing comparable numbers of X-ABL, from BALB/c, B10.D2, C57BL/Ks, or DBA/2 mice to NZB or syngeneic recipients did not produce X-PFC. Transfer of BMC from NZB mice to BALB/c, B10.D2, and DBA/2 mice with weekly administrations of AKR anti-theta antiserum had no effect on the development of X-PFC; Tlymphocyte ablation was evidenced by the absence of theta+ spleen cells. These results suggest that the pathogenetic anti-X response is not genetically prescribed at the level of macrophages, humoral factors, or T cells, but rather appears to be a phenotypic expression of a primary B lymphocyte defect permitting or promoting differentiation of NZB X-ABL.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1988

Prenatal screening.

Routine obstetric screening for all patients should include a Pap smear, urinalysis and urine culture, complete blood count, blood type, Rh factor and direct Coombs' test. Patients should also be screened for syphilis, rubella, gonorrhea and diabetes. For patients at high risk for certain conditions, additional studies of value include obstetric ultrasound, amniocentesis, serum alpha-fetoprotein level and screening for sickle cell anemia, herpes, hepatitis B, Chlamydia and human immunodeficiency virus.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed1988

Methyldopa hypersensitivity can mimic acute toxic enterocolitis.

The most widely known hypersensitivity reaction of methyldopa, a drug commonly used in the treatment of hypertension, is seroconversion to a positive result of a direct Coombs' test that may lead to a hemolytic anemia. The authors report a case of an infrequently noted, but serious, hypersensitivity reaction to methyldopa, manifesting primarily as acute toxic enterocolitis. A 63-year-old woman was admitted to hospital and underwent aggressive and prolonged investigation of enterocolitis. Withdrawal of methyldopa gave immediate relief of intestinal problems. Rechallenge precipitated a return of symptoms within 14 hours. It is recommended that periodic blood counts and liver function tests be done on patients treated with methyldopa for hypertension. If any abnormalities are noted the drug should be discontinued.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Subclinical autoimmune disease and recurrent spontaneous abortion.

We describe a patient with no clinical complaints except 5 unexplained spontaneous abortions in whom investigations revealed a positive antinuclear factor, antibodies to native double-stranded DNA, LE cells, a positive Coombs' test, a positive lupus anticoagulant test, and anticardiolipin antibodies. Despite preeclampsia our patient successfully completed her 6th pregnancy after treatment with corticosteroids, subcutaneous heparin, and low dose aspirin throughout the pregnancy. Serial measurements of anticardiolipin antibody showed suppression of anticardiolipin antibody levels with corticosteroids. The response of the lupus anticoagulant was less obvious. No anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in the baby.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1987

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia induced by penicillin in horses.

Three horses developed severe, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia after treatment with penicillin. The horses had positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs) tests and high titers of IgG antibody that agglutinated penicillin-coated equine red cells. Two of the horses were tested for antibodies to autologous red cell antigens; autoantibodies were not present. Titers of antipenicillin antibody decreased after penicillin was discontinued but IgG antibody was detectable months after recovery. One of the horses was challenged with penicillin; antibody titer increased slightly, but anemia did not develop. Antipenicillin antibody of the IgM class was present in low titer in 23 (77%) of 30 non-anemic horses tested. Apparently, the horse is similar to man in that penicillin-induced anemia is rare but the percentage of individuals with antipenicillin antibody is high.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1986

[Caval thromboses and systemic diseases].

Sixty-five patients presenting with a vena cava syndrome have been examined over a 7 years period; incidence of systemic diseases as an etiologic factor has thus been studied. A systemic disease was diagnosed in 17 cases, that is 25 p. 100 of cases. This incidence is higher in inferior vena cava syndromes (15 cases out of 45). Two diseases appear as the main factors: on one hand, Behçet disease, liable for 8 vena cava thrombosis, 7 inferior and 8 superior thrombosis; on the other hand, severe disseminated erythematous lupus liable for 5 cases of inferior vena cava thrombosis. Other etiologies are mentioned such as: Churg and Strauss disease (1 case), Horton disease (1 case) and hemorrhagic rectocolitis (1 case). In the patients presenting with lupus, two died from various pulmonary embolisms; a vena cava clip was required in 3 cases. As for lupus, the immuno-hepatologic exploration did demonstrate a thrombopenia in 5 cases, an hemolytic anemia with a positive Coombs test in 2 cases, and a circulating anti-coagulant (antiprothrombinase type) in one case. Though high frequency of systemic diseases in this series may depend on the patients' recruitment, systemic lupus as well as Behçet diseases are to be researched in case of vena cava thrombosis, above all if diagnosed in a young patient and failing to be explained by a congenital abnormality of hemostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of the agglutination test (AT), complement fixation test (CFT) and the antiglobulin test (AGT) in the diagnosis of swine brucellosis. III. Basic studies].

In the examinations of the swine sera obtained from swines immunized s.c. with adjuvant Br.abortus S19 vaccine or Br.suis 1417 vaccine, it was found that agglutinins were present after 3 weeks, and C.F. antibodies or incomplete agglutinins normally after injections. Probably, in the first period of Brucella infection negative results of C.F.T. or AGT or both will be obtained. In the swine sera from Brucella free herds, agglutinins reacting with the Brucellognost antigen were present. The performance of mercaptoethanol test or C.F.T. lead in most cases to suitable diagnosis. In our conditions we have not obtained results which permit to classify AGT as a supplement test in serodiagnosis of swine brucellosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

This serious disorder of young adults is characterized by fever, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic signs, various neurologic abnormalities and renal dysfunction. Laboratory findings include a negative Coombs' test for hemolytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and fragmented erythrocytes on the peripheral blood smear. Without treatment, mortality may exceed 80 percent. Early diagnosis and prompt therapy with high-dose corticosteroids and antiplatelet agents, as well as exchange plasmapheresis when indicated, bring about remission in 60 to 80 percent of patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

[Hemobacterial agglutination--method of determining antierythrocyte antibodies].

A technique of antierythrocyte antibody detection is described. It as based on co-agglutination of red blood cells and S. aureus cells. The method is unsophisticated and non-laborious. It provides massive agglutination, its sensitivity is one order of magnitude higher than that of the Coombs test.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗