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PubMedDate not supplied

[Antiplatelet antibodies in patients with acute myocardial infarct].

Seventy-seven patients with myocaridal infarction and ten normal individuals were studied in order to establish the presence of serous antibodies against platelets. With the complement fixation test antibodies were found in 6.4% of the patients and in none of the normal individuals. Leukoaglutinating and lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in 3.8% and 1.2% of the patients, respectively. No anti-platelet antibodies were found by immunoelectrophoresis or by double microimmunodiffusion neither in patients nor in normals. Rabbits immunized with human platelets had up to four antigen-antibody systems as shown by immunoelectrophoresis and double microimmunodiffusion. These rabbit sera were anticomplementary and thus they could not be tested by complement fixation test nor by lymphocytotoxicity. The data obtained suggest that circulating antiplatelets antibodies are rare and thus the possibility of their contributing further damage during myocardial infarction is also low. The alternatives to explain the low frequency of antiplatelet antibodies in patients with myocardial infarction are discussed.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnosis of paratuberculosis in the preclinical stage].

Those tests which are common practice in the diagnosis of Johne's disease in the Netherlands, namely the intradermal johnin hypersensitivity test, the complement fixation test and microscopic examination as well as examination of the faeces by culture, were carried out in twenty-one cattle from four herds infected with Johne's disease. In addition, the johnin lymphocytic stimulation test was performed. A number of animals of various ages, which were tested, showed positive johnin hypersensitivity tests prior to the beginning of the 1982 grazing period (Table 1). M. paratuberculosis was isolated from five of these twenty-one animals after death. Six animals showed a positive complement fixation test one or several times; M. paratuberculosis was isolated from four of these animals after death. On the other hand, M. paratuberculosis was isolated from an animal in which this hypersensitivity test had been constantly negative. The other animals from which M. paratuberculosis was isolated, showed positive johnin hypersensitivity tests in some and negative tests in other cases. Not a single shedder of M. paratuberculosis was identified using microscopic examination of the faeces. When the faeces were examined by culture, one of the three animals found to be positive after death was identified. The animals from the suspected herds showed a higher average johnin stimulation index (SI) than did those from herds free from Johne's disease. However, when the LST was used, all carriers of M. paratuberculosis also were not detectable. In conclusion, it has to be stated that none of the tests studied in these cases removed all doubt as to whether the animals were or were not subclinically infected with M. paratuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparative evaluation of microagglutination test and serum agglutination test as supplementary diagnostic methods for brucellosis.

The diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants requires the use of more than one serological test. The complement fixation test (CFT), the rose bengal test (RBT), and the serum agglutination test (SAT) are among the most useful tests for routine diagnosis. The microagglutination test (MAT) was developed as a simpler and more efficient test than the SAT. The relative efficacy of this test compared with that of the SAT was evaluated by using brucella-free sheep and goats prior to and after vaccination treatment. The specificities of the MAT and the SAT were 100%. Of the ewes and goats with a vaccination history, one ewe, expectedly a negative responder, had reactions in the MAT, the complement fixation test, and the rose bengal test but not in the SAT, suggesting a lower sensitivity of the SAT in this case. The calculated sensitivities of the MAT and the SAT were 93.9%. The agreement between MAT and SAT results from nonresponders was examined by using sera from unvaccinated lambs and kids (95.2% agreement), unvaccinated ewes and goats (84.4%), and ewes and goats with a vaccination history (43.9%). For the latter group higher levels of agglutination units were observed by the MAT than by the SAT in 51.5% of the samples. In testing sera from positive reactors after vaccination neither method was superior (MAT values were greater than SAT values for 23.5% of the samples, and MAT values were less than SAT values for 21.9% of the samples). Comparison of the methods on the individual sample level revealed a significant correlation between the MAT and the SAT (r = 0.96 +/- 0.005; P < 0.001). Since the MAT is simpler to perform than the SAT and can potentially be automated, the inclusion of the MAT as a supplementary test in brucellosis control programs is recommended.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2000

Interaction between human complement and a pectin type polysaccharide fraction, PMII, from the leaves of Plantago major L.

The interaction between a pectin type polysaccharide fraction, PMII, isolated from the leaves of Plantago major, and human complement was tested in two different hemolytic complement-fixation tests and in addition by two ELISA methods detecting complement-activation products. Sera were used as a complement source of 10 arbitrary human volunteers, individually and as a pool. The complement-fixation tests were designed to measure the concentration of the pectin necessary to inhibit 50% of the hemolysis (ICH(50)). The ELISA tests for complement-activation products were measured in AU/mg using a fully activated serum as a standard. We observed a more than 200-fold difference in ICH(50) activity of the PMII pectin in one of the hemolytic tests by varying the individual sera used as complement-source. On the other hand, the ELISA complement-activation tests showed no significant variation in activity of the PMII depending on the complement-serum used. The level of antibodies against PMII detected in the complement-sera did not correlate with the ICH(50) activity of PMII. The results show that PMII is a potent complement activator with an activity of the same order of magnitude on a weight basis as that of aggregated human immunoglobulin (Ig)G. This activation leads to a complement consumption probably explaining the PMII's effect in the complement-fixation tests. PMII seems to be an activator both on the classical and the alternative pathway of activation. The results might be related to the reported wound-healing effect of the leaves of Plantago major.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of Helicobacter pylori infection using single serum specimens: comparison of five commercial serological tests.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Various commercial kits have been developed for serological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, but data on their diagnostic accuracy and direct comparisons between the tests are often lacking. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and relative agreement of three assay kits which have not been evaluated in published studies so far. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined a self-contained card-based enzyme immunoassay (ImmunoCardR H. pylori IgG; Meridian Diagnostics, Milano, Italy), a microwell-based enzyme immunoassay (Enzygnost Anti-Helicobacter pylori/IgG; Behringwerke, Marburg, Germany), and an indirect immunofluorescence test (Immunfluoreszenz IgG Test; Bios, Graefelfing, Germany). We also examined a latex agglutination test (PylorisetR Dry; Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) and a complement fixation test (CFT H. pylori; Institute Virion, Rueschlikon, Switzerland) which have been evaluated by others previously. Sera originated from 110 patients, sent to the outpatient clinic of a large tertiary hospital for gastrointestinal endoscopy. RESULTS: We found that the latex agglutination test, card-based enzyme immunoassay, and microwell-based enzyme immunoassay had overall sensitivities of 74.4%, 95.4%, and 90.7%, and specificities of 94%, 76.1%, and 79.1% respectively. Indirect immunofluorescence test and complement fixation test yielded sensitivities/specificities of 62.8%/86.6%, and 74.4%/77.6%, respectively, when compared with gastric biopsy findings. Combining two tests did not increase the diagnostic yield. The relative agreement of the latex test, card-based enzyme immunoassay, microwell-based immunoassay, immunofluorescence test, and complement fixation test was 86.4%, 83.6%, 83.6%, 77.3%, and 76.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that for serology based on single serum specimens the enzyme immunoassays and the commercial latex test represent helpful noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Complement fixation test and IIFT might be more suitable for serological tests on multiple serum specimens, e.g. monitoring the effect of antimicrobial eradication therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Experimental maedi virus infection in sheep: early cellular and humoral immune response following parenteral inoculation.

The early immune response (19 weeks) in sheep inoculated parenterally with maedi virus was studied, using the lymphocyte transformation test, immunodiffusion test, complement-fixation test, and neutralization test. Cellular immune responses were detected between 3 and 7 weeks after the sheep were inoculated. Antibodies were detected by immunodiffusion test in 3 of 5 animals in weeks 7 to 11 and by complement-fixation test in weeks 15 to 19. Neutralizing antibodies were not detected. There was no sign of virus-induced immunosuppression as determined by lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens or by in vivo and in vitro immune responses following BCG vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens II. Detection of early antigen (S) using anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) et complement fixation (CF) tests.

Using human sera having antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigens (EA) but lacking antibodies directed against the EB nuclear antigen (EBNA), the detection of EBV/EA was possible both by the anticomplement immunofluorescent test (ACIF) and by the classical complement fixation test (CF). The latter is particularly suitable for biochemical studies on EA.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Reactions of extracts of Reiter treponeme with syphilitic and non-syphilitic human sera in the single radial haemolysis technique.

A single radial haemolysis (SRH) technique, using Reiter protein or Reiter lysate as the coating antigen, was investigated. Results obtained with syphilitic and presumed non-syphilitic human sera were compared with results obtained in the absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody test (FTA-ABS), the Reiter protein complement fixation test ( RPCFT ), the Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory Slide test (VDRL) and the Cardiolipin Wasserman reaction ( CWR ). The SRH reaction, with either Reiter antigen, was more sensitive than any of the screening tests ( RPCFT , VDRL and CWR ) for detecting positive syphilitic antibodies. Although the SRH test used almost the same materials as the RPCFT , it was appreciably more sensitive for the detection of the group-specific antibodies in syphilitic human serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental paratuberculosis: biological diagnosis in calves inoculated with strains of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria].

During an experiment on the pathogenicity of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria strains for calf, the kinetics of antibody formation during infection was studied. The progress of cellular immunity was followed by examining delayed hypersensitivity using four allergens (bovine tuberculin HCSM, avian tuberculin HCSM, avian tuberculin PPD, and johnin PPD), and that of humoral immunity using complement fixation test and ELISA. Simultaneously, the elimination of bacilli in the faeces was examined. The excretion of bacilli, although intermittent, appeared to be the most demonstrative proof of infection: it could be shown at any stage of the disease. On the contrary, the delayed hypersensitivity using the avian tuberculin, and the serologic tests (the complement fixation test and ELISA), were positive only at defined periods of the disease: hypersensitivity reactions developed earlier than humoral reactions. The results obtained during these experiments confirmed that the mycobactin-dependent strains of "wood-pigeon" mycobacteria caused a disease in calves similar to the disease caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Standardized, automated procedure for measurement of serum hemolytic complement activity.

In the interest of standardizing and automating complement fixation procedures, an AutoAnalyzer manifold was designed in which the reagents are mixed in proportions similar to that of the Laboratory Branch Complement Fixation test. By bypassing the fixation stage, the manifold proved useful for measuring serum hemolytic complement activity (C'). As many as 21 serum samples per hour can be screened by testing two appropriate dilutions. Normal adult C' titers measured by the automated procedure ranged from 58 to 103 C'H(50) units per ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Human IgM antibodies do not activate guinea-pig complement after interaction with soluble antigen.

Activation of guinea-pig complement by human IgM antibodies after interaction with a particulate antigen is well established. Human IgM antibodies directed against meningococcal group-C capsular polysaccharide, however, were not able to fix guinea-pig complement in a classical complement fixation test with soluble antigen. In the same test, human complement was readily activated by these antibodies. This inability of human IgM antibodies to activate guinea-pig complement after interaction with soluble antigen was confirmed in other antigen systems. In contrast, efficient activation of both human and guinea-pig complement was found with the same antigen in a particulate form.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of automated large-scale screening tests for syphilis.

Two methods of performing serological screening tests for syphilis are compared. One consisted of the Venereal Diseases Reference Laboratory (VDRL) slide test, the cardiolipin Wassermann reaction (CWR), and the Reiter protein complement fixation test (RPCFT) performed manually; the other was a fully automated system using two Technicon AutoAnalyzers (AAII), one for the automated reagin test (ART) and the other for automated complement fixation tests. The absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody test (FTA-ABS) was used as a final arbiter in all cases found to be seropositive by either method. A pooled antigen consisting of a mixture of cardiolipin and Reiter protein was used for the automated complement fixation test, thus increasing the scope and capacity of the system. The AutoAnalyzer was shown to be capable of performing 400 cardiolipin and Reiter complement fixation tests and 700 automated reagin tests in an 8-hour day. Modification of the complement fixation test method to take advantage of the highly sensitive colorimeter resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity and a corresponding saving in reagents. Of the 7843 sera tested, 258 gave a positive result in one or more of the screening tests. The automated test detected many more Reiter positive sera (127) than the manual test (83). Conversely, fewer CWR positive sera were detected by the automated test (60) than by the manual test (82). There was little difference between the number of positive sera detected by the ART (73) and the VDRL slide test (71). In 19 instances the automated tests detected positive sera which registered as completely negative in the manual tests, and four seropositive cases which the automated tests had failed to detect were detected by the manual tests, and four seropositive cases which the automated tests had failed to detect were detected by the manual tests. It was concluded that a combination of the ART and automated Reiter protein complement fixation test (ARPCFT) would be ideal for use in a large-scale screening programme for the detection of syphilis.

Autoanalysis↗