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PubMedDate not supplied

Tensile strength of three resin cements following two alloy surface treatments.

Retainers for composite retained prostheses ("Maryland bridges") have traditionally relied upon an etched base metal alloy for micromechanical retention. This study compared the tensile bond strength of three resin cements using two alloy surface treatments. Rexillium III and Olympia disks were cast, oxidized, and given simulated porcelain firings. Paired specimens were cemented with Comspan, Panavia EX, or C & B Metabond after air abrasion with aluminum oxide or silicoating. Air-abraded Olympia disks were tin plated prior to luting with Panavia EX. Electrolytically etched Rexillium III specimens luted with Comspan served as controls. Specimens were thermocycled and tested in tension. Highest tensile bond strengths were achieved with: (1) Olympia specimens, where the bonding surface was air abraded but tin plated before cementation with Panavia EX, and (2) Rexillium III specimens, where the bonding surface was air abraded or silicoated and the disks were cemented with C & B Metabond.

Air↗
PubMed2005

Growth performance and nutrient utilization in black Bengal bucks (Capra hircus) supplemented with graded doses of chromium as chromium chloride hexahydrate.

Black Bengal bucks (Capra hircus) were supplemented with 0, 0.2 or 0.4 mg elemental chromium (Cr) as chromium chloride hexahydrate per day for 70 days. Intake of dry matter (p<0.001), crude protein (p<0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01) increased due to Cr supplementation. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (p<0.01), organic matter (p<0.05), crude protein (p<0.001) and acid detergent fiber (p<0.01) improved and the total body weight gain and the live weight gain to feed intake ratio also increased (p<0.001) due to supplemental Cr feeding. The intake and apparent absorption (p<0.001) of Cr was enhanced due to its supplementation. The intake of copper, zinc, manganese and iron was also more (p<0.001) in the Cr supplemented bucks. As supplementation progressed, plasma glucose concentration was elevated particularly in 0.4 mg Cr supplemented bucks and a significant day x dose interaction effect (p<0.001) with this parameter. The activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase increased (p<0.001) and that of glutamate pyruvate transaminase in plasma decreased (p<0.01) in the Cr supplemented bucks. Supplemental Cr had minimal (p>0.05) effect on the plasma half life (k) and clearance rate of glucose (T1/2) during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Area under the response curve from 0 to 180 minutes after glucose loading was lower (p<0.001) in the control group of bucks. The study revealed that Cr supplementation might promote growth and nutrient utilization in black Bengal bucks. However, little difference between the 0.2 and 0.4 mg Cr supplemented bucks suggested limited benefit of increasing the level of supplementation beyond 0.2 mg per day under the normal management regimes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Adjuvant therapy with intraperitoneal chromic phosphate (32P) in women with early ovarian carcinoma after comprehensive surgical staging.

From 1974-1990, 23 women with stage I and five with stage II epithelial ovarian carcinoma received intraperitoneal chromic phosphate (32P) as the only form of adjuvant therapy after complete debulking and comprehensive surgical staging laparotomy. Surgery consisted of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, peritoneal washings for cytology, multiple biopsies of pelvic and abdominal peritoneum, and selective pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Intraperitoneal 32P therapy was administered a median of 7 days after laparotomy. Significant toxicity was minimal; none of these patients required surgery for bowel obstruction. Overall 5-year survival was 90 and 100%, but disease-free survival was only 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 36-86%) and 60% (95% CI 12-81%) for patients with stage I and II disease, respectively. Two patients developed intraperitoneal and six systemic relapses; all patients received cisplatin regimens after relapse. Univariate analysis of age, stage, histology, Ovarian Cancer Study/Gynecologic Oncology Group risk status, lesion size, and presence or absence of capsular adhesions revealed that only an age of 50 or more years had an adverse effect on disease-free survival (P less than .03). This study suggests that determination of early-stage disease and host-tumor biology may be the most important factors in determining the survival of women with early ovarian cancer defined by comprehensive surgical staging. Intraperitoneal 32P does not appear to be effective adjuvant therapy in these women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vitro targeting of erythrocytes to cytotoxic T-cells by coupling of Thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody.

A method was explored to develop a general means to target erythrocytes to T-cells in vitro. Mouse erythrocytes were coupled with an anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody by two methods. Chromic chloride coupling of antibody was preferred to biotinylation. The morphology, osmotic fragility, and the hematological values of treated cells were normal compared with those of control erythrocytes. Antibody-coupled erythrocytes were incubated with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLL) in vitro at a 20:1 ratio. Approximately 60-70% of the CTLL formed rosettes. The cell mixture was subjected to gradient centrifugation and separated into four fractions. THe rosettes were clearly identified only in the treated group containing anti-Thy-1.2-coupled erythrocytes. No rosettes were found when aspecific monoclonal antibody was coupled to erythrocytes. Examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed CTLL with 4-5 erythrocytes attached to them but did not show any evidence of membrane fusion. Rosettes of CTLL incubated in vitro proliferated as well as CTLL alone and maintained their dependency on interleukin-2. Targeting of erythrocyte carriers to lymphocytes offers the potential for delivery of molecules directly to the target cell.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Determination of distribution and effective distribution coefficient of Cr3+ in LiNbO3 single crystals using UV/Visible absorption spectra and ICP].

The LiNbO3 crystals doped with Cr3+ ion (Cr:LN) and co-doped with Cr3+ and Zn ions (Zn:Cr:LN) were grown by the Bridgman method. The absorption coefficient and concentration of Cr3+ in crystals were measured by UV/Visible spectra and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, respectively. The effective distribution coefficients (k) of Cr3+ in the crystals were calculated. The results indicated that the k for Cr:LN crystal decreased from 3.75 to 2.49 as the incorporating concentration of Cr3+ increased from 0.1 to 0.5 mol%; the introduction of ZnO in Cr:LN induced the reduction of k value effectively. However, the k value increased from 1.85 to 2.25 as the incorporating concentration of ZnO increased from 3 to 6 mol%. The variation of the k value was explained by the suppressing effect of ZnO on the incorporation of Cr3+ ions and the distribution of Cr3+ in LN.

Chromium↗
PubMed2006

Synthesis of nanocrystalline La(Ca)CrO3 through a novel gel combustion process and its characterization.

La(Ca)CrO3 (LCC) powders have been prepared through a novel gel combustion route using metal nitrates as oxidizers and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a fuel. The process involves the combustion of a viscous gel obtained through mixed metal nitrate-EDTA solution. The effect of amount of EDTA used in the process on the nature of combustion reaction, phase formation, and densification has been studied. It was found that use of the fuel-rich precursor facile in controlling the reaction, which in turn helps in the scale up of the batch size. The calcination of the fuel-rich gel precursor at 650 degrees C resulted in the well-crystalline LCC along with a small amount of calcium chromate as a secondary phase. The HRSEM studies on the powder showed agglomerated nanoparticles. The average agglomerate size was found to be 0.54 microm. The cold pressing and sintering of the calcined powder at 1250 degrees C resulted in the mono-phasic La0.70Ca0.30CrO3 with 94% of its theoretical density. The sintered sample exhibited conductivity of 51 S/cm at 1000 degrees C. The average linear thermal expansion coefficient was found to be 10.3 x 10(-6) degrees C(-1).

Chromium Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Changes in selected biomarkers in freshwater teleost fish, Cyprinus carpio var. communis exposed to sublethal concentrations of chromium sulphate toxicity.

The toxicity of chromium sulphate on plasma electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-) level and Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity of an economically important fish, Cyprinus carpio var. communis was evaluated. During sublethal treatment, plasma sodium level was increased, whereas plasma chloride level decreased throughout the experimental period. Plasma potassium level increased upto 10th day and then declined in the rest of the study period. The Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity decreased upto 15th day of treatment and slowly recovered showing significant increase upto 25th day of treatment. The significant changes in the plasma electrolytes levels and Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity can serve as a valuable biomarker of pollutant exposure and effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Chemical burn].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acetates↗
PubMed2006

Synthesis and characterization of glibenclamide complexes of magnesium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, zinc and cadmium salts.

Glibenclamide is the commonly used hypoglycemic agent in NIDDM. Metal complexes of glibenclamide have been synthesized by reaction with different metals such as magnesium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, zinc and cadmium in the form of their chlorides. These complexes were characterized by their physical characteristics, 1H-NMR, IR and Atomic absorption studies.

Cadmium Chloride↗
PubMed2005

Value added eco-friendly products from tannery solid wastes.

Chrome shavings are the prominent solid wastes in tanning industry. Since chromium is known for its toxicity, the disposal of chrome shavings has been identified as a serious problem from the environmental point of view. At present, the popular utilization mode for chrome shavings is the manufacture of leather boards and related products. But this does not offer complete utilization of chrome shavings. Moreover, return per ton of chrome shavings is low if used for leather board production. In view of this, two processes have been developed to offer an alternative and better solution for the disposal of chrome shavings. The first process is preparation of parchment like membrane and the second process is related to development of leather like material. These products are analyzed for their mechanical behavior and other physicochemical properties. Parchment membrane can be used in the preparation of lampshades, chandeliers, wall hangers, table tops etc. and leather like material can be used in the preparation of chappal uppers, hand bags, purses, valets etc. The utilization of the chrome shavings in preparation of those two products not only reduces the environmental pollution but at the same time value added products can also be obtained.

Chromium Compounds↗
PubMed2006

HPLC determination of dexamethasone in human plasma and its application to an in vitro release study from endovascular stents.

A simple, accurate and precise HPLC assay was developed and validated for determination of dexamethasone in human plasma. Triamcinolone acetonide was used as internal standard (I.S.) and plasma samples were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatography was performed on a C-18 column with acetonitrile-triple distilled water (28:72% v/v, pH adjusted to 2.3 with phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and detection wavelength 254 nm. The assay was linear at a concentration range of 0.25-6 microg/mL with recoveries >77%. Precision and accuracy were within the acceptable limits. The method was used to determine dexamethasone release from different material coated endoluminal vascular stents in in vitro human plasma experiments. The results were useful in identifying a good coating material for the stents.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2006

[A case of chrome asthma induced by exposure to the stone cutter dust].

The case of a forty-six year old, male patient with asthma caused by exposure to dust containing chrome is presented. When the patient was nineteen years old, he started working as a stonemason in a factory. He cut and ground stone with a stone-cutter to make statues and tombstones. Three years after staring to work, contact dermatitis was observed on his arms and hands. Within six years of work, he suffered from chronic coughing. After eight years, he experienced bronchial asthma attacks with wheezing and dyspnea. He had been exposed to dust for eight years before developing asthma. The symptoms increased gradually. He fell into severe asthma attacks causing unconsciousness and dyspnea. Several common therapies were not effective. The characteristics of his clinical course and occupational history suggested that the asthma must be caused by exposure to dust containing metal generated in the factory. Skin Patch Tests (SPT) were performed for cobalt, copper, iron, chrome, tin, and manganese salt. The result of the SPT indicated a strong positive result for potassium dichromate and positive for chromium sulfate, but did not show any indications in the control or for other metallic salt. Fluorescent X-ray analysis detected that chrome was present in the powder dust under the stone-cutter machine. However, the fluorescent X-ray analysis did not detect chrome in the stone materials. It was suggested that chrome must be contained in the metal dust generated from the steel cutter used to cut off and grind the stone. The metal component in the used cutter edge and the unused cutter edge were analyzed with electro-probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The result revealed that chrome was contained in the used, dull cutter edge and not in the new sharp cutter edge. Thus, the patient had been exposed to the dust containing chrome generated from part of the stainless steel of cutter. He had sensitized to chrome and this had caused the occupational chrome-asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

A simplified micro-method for quantification of fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols for outpatient studies in humans.

A simple and precise micro-method for measurement of daily fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols has been developed which utilizes sitostanol (24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta-ol) as fecal flow and recovery marker. Extractions of sterols were performed from 50 microliters of fecal homogenate (feces-water 1:1), and analyses of neutral and acidic sterols were carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. The method is sensitive, precise, and easy to perform; the intra-assay variability yielded coefficients of variations of 1.9% and 3.5% (n = 6) for neutral and acidic sterols, respectively. The results from this method were compared with those obtained with the standard fecal flow marker chromic oxide. The correlation coefficients between the two markers were compared in 16 subjects and were 0.938 and 0.998 for excretion of neutral sterols and acidic sterols, respectively. Comparison of the fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols in 12 subjects determined from frozen samples and aliquots (approximately 1 g) sent by ordinary mail to the laboratory (transport time 1 to 5 days) gave identical results using sitostanol as fecal flow marker (818 +/- (SEM) 85 mg/day vs. 838 +/- 89 mg/day for neutral sterols and 417 +/- 59 mg/day vs. 414 +/- 60 mg/day for acidic sterols). The new micro-method is ideally suited for research laboratories in need of a simple, accurate, inexpensive, and high through-put method for measuring daily fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols, as well as total cholesterol synthesis, and can be performed on an outpatient basis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chromic oxidation and synthesis of barbiturate metabolites].

Chromic oxidation using chromium trioxide in acetic medium is presented as a tool for the synthesis of models of metabolites of various barbiturates. When the pyrimidinetrione is monosubstituted in position 5, a hydroxy group is introduced on the ring. For 5,5-disubstituted barbiturates, branched chains are preferentially converted into tertiary alcohols, while ethylenic chains are, according to their substitution, oxidized into ketones or carboxylic acids. Secondary alcohols lead to ketones but an alcohol function can be protected by esterification. Oxidations followed by other transformations and oxidations of related heterocycles are also described.

Barbiturates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of morphological transformation, anchorage-independent growth and plasminogen activators in non-tumorigenic human osteosarcoma cells by lead chromate.

The possible carcinogenicity of insoluble chromium (VI) compound, PbCrO4, in human cells has been tested using a nontumorigenic human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS, TE 85). Electron microscopic studies show that PbCrO4 is phagocytosed by HOS cells and accumulates within the vacuoles in the cytoplasm. A number of cell lines have been isolated following multiple treatment of HOS cells with PbCrO4. These cell lines are morphologically different from HOS cells, form anchorage-independent colonies in soft agar and form quickly regressing small tumor nodules in athymic nude mice. The cellular and secreted plasminogen activator (PA) levels of 5 cell lines isolated after PbCrO4 treatment are increased up to 8 fold and up to 10 fold respectively as compared to untreated HOS controls. SDS-PAGE analysis in the presence of copolymerized substrates is consistent with increase in 55 kDa urokinase-type PA (u-PA) and 68 kDa tissue-type PA (t-PA). These results show that PbCrO4 treatment leads to stable phenotypic changes indicative of the transformation of HOS cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuvant internal hepatic radiotherapy using colloidal 32P chromic phosphate in colorectal cancer.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the value of adjuvant radiotherapy given in the form of colloidal chromic phosphate 32P suspension administered via portal vein, in preventing the growth of occult metastases in the liver. Twenty two patients (10 patients of treated group with 12 controls) were followed 12 months after operation. There was no significant change in the CBC and liver functions after administration of 32P labeled colloidal chromic phosphate. Although local recurrence rates were very similar in both groups of colorectal cancer (3/12 in the control group and 4/10 in the treated group), liver metastasis rates were quite different: 4/12 in the control group and none (0/10) in the treated group. In conclusion, 32P labeled colloidal chromic phosphate is expected to prevent liver metastases of completely resected colorectal cancer.

Chromium↗
PubMed1990

[Reactions at the nonprecious metal-ceramic interface during porcelain firing. (3) A commercial alloy forming much Cr oxide during firing].

To examine the interface reaction between porcelain and a commercial Ni-Cr dental alloy (containing higher Cr and Mo) during porcelain firing, electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize the interface which has emerged by means of selective dissolution of the alloy caused by a bromine-methanol solution. Much Cr oxide was formed at the early stage of firing, and remained in the reaction layer even if the holding time at 960 degrees C was up to 8 minutes. As a result, many Cr atoms diffused into the porcelain layer, most of which was found to form oxides through X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the porcelain layer nearest to the oxide layer was deduced to be modified seriously.

Chromium↗