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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Detection of gene expression pattern in the early stage after spinal cord injury by gene chip.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of the gene expression pattern of spinal cord tissues in the early stage after injury by DNA microarray (gene chip). METHODS: The contusion model of rat spinal cord was established according to Allen's falling strike method and the gene expression patterns of normal and injured spinal cord tissues were studied by gene chip. RESULTS: The expression of 45 genes was significantly changed in the early stage after spinal cord injury, in which 22 genes up-regulated and 23 genes down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of some genes changes significantly in the early stage after spinal cord injury, which indicates the complexity of secondary spinal cord injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The future of clinical cancer management: one tumor, one chip.

Recent advances in gene expression profiling technology have now made it feasible to consider using microarray technology in the routine management of the cancer patient. Microarray chips are now capable of interrogating up to 48,000 or more different genes in a single experiment using multiple platforms. Sophisticated data analysis has already demonstrated that multiple tumor types can be distinguished on the basis of their gene expression patterns. These analyses have led to the detection of new tumor markers and markers of tumor progression. Gene expression arrays have also been demonstrated to be capable of predicting the survival of patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. The future holds great promise for the rapid development of molecular medicine with diagnosis, prognosis, and even therapy being based on a single microarray chip. These developments signal a significant paradigm shift in the clinical management of human cancer.

Gene Expression Profiling↗
PubMed2002

[Gene chip screen in allergic rhinitis and preliminary analysis of the differential expressed genes].

OBJECTIVE: To discover the etiology of allergic rhinitis(AR) at the genomic level. METHODS: Microarray analysis on a genomic scale was used to find changes in genes expression in AR. The total RNAs were isolated from nasal mucosa of AR and normal, then purified to mRNAs and were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare for the hybridization probes. The genes differential expressed in AR were screened with the gene chip which contained 12,800 human genes in all 8 samples. RESULT: 734 genes were shown in differential expressed profile with 430 upregulated genes and 304 downregulated genes, and all 8 samples were 15 genes upregulated and 6 genes downregulated. The differential expressed genes involved in the functions of inflammation, immunology, neuroendocrine and signal conduct, and they had potential value in AR study. CONCLUSION: The investigation based on gene chip in researching related genes in AR afforded a new idea in studying pathogenesis of nasal allergic diseases.

DNA, Complementary↗
PubMed2003

[Gene chip technology and it's application to genetic toxicology].

Gene chip, also called as DNA array, Oligonucleotide Microchip or Oligonucletide array, is a new technology developed in recent years. It can be applied prospectively in life science research, such as gene expression, gene diagnose and gene polymorphism etc. In this paper, the principle, types, procedures and application of gene chip to genetic toxicological research were reviewed.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

CYTOCENTERING: a novel technique enabling automated cell-by-cell patch clamping with the CYTOPATCH chip.

Automats for patch clamping suspended cells in whole-cell configuration must (1) bring isolated cells in contact with patch contacts, (2) form gigaseals, and (3) establish stable intracellular access that allows for high quality recording of ionic currents. Single openings in planar substrates seem to be intriguing simple solutions for these problems, but due to the low rate of formation of whole-cell configurations we discarded this approach. Single openings are not suited for both attracting cells to the opening by suction and forming gigaseals with subsequent membrane rupture. To settle the three tasks with a mechanical microstructure we developed the socalled CYTOCENTERING technique to apply to suspended cells the same operation sequence as in conventional patch clamping. With this method we immobilized selected cells from a flowing suspension on the tip of a patch pipette by suction with a success rate of 97% and formed gigaseals with a success rate of 68%. Subsequent whole-cell recordings and intracellular staining with Lucifer yellow proved the stable access to the cytoplasm. Currently, a chip with an embedded suction opening in glass surrounding the microstructured contact pipette is under development. The processing of this CYTOPATCH chip is compatible to large-volume production. The CYTOPATCH automat will allow for fully automated, parallel, and asynchronous whole-cell recordings.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Study of DNA microarray chip of associated genes of hydatidiform mole].

OBJECTIVE: To screen genes which may associate with the development and malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. METHOD: The differentially expressed genes were analyzed between the tissues of two cases of hydatidiform mole and the normal placental tissues of two cases of pregnancy which had almost the same pregnant ages as hydatidiform mole, using cDNA chips containing 4,096 genes. RESULTS: There were total 89 genes significantly differently expressed in all hydatidiform moles, counting for 2.2% of total genes. Compared with normal villi, 24 genes in hydatidiform mole were up-regulated and 65 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatical analysis of genes showed genes associated with cell proliferative inhibition, such as Ras GTPase activating protein, TGF-beta IIR alpha, BTG2 were significantly down-regulated, whereas genes associated with cell proliferation, malignant transformation and tumor metastasis as thymidine kinase, ribonucleotide reductase, glucose transport protein were highly up-regulated. CONCLUSION: cDNA chip technique is one kind of very effective methods in screening associated genes in hydatidiform mole.

Chorionic Villi↗
PubMed2001

Progress in DNA chip technology.

DNA chip technology employs light-directed in situ oligonucleotide synthesis and/or DNA microarray printing device to produce arrays of large number of probes in the tiny surface of silicon substrates, which makes it possible that the gene detection be conducted efficiently with high speed and sensitivity. The DNA chip may take important part in genome research, gene diagnoses and so on.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Gene chip technology and its advances in medical science].

Gene (DNA) chip or DNA microarray is a new technique developed during human genomic research programs. When DNA chip containing thousands of DNA or oligonucleotide are hybridized to labeled samples, gene expression, DNA sequencing as well as DNA mutation and polymorphism can be analyzed with high efficiency in large scale. We are able to perform this technique on dozens of specimens at once in tumor differentiation, tumor typing, tumor diagnosis, tumorigenesis, and new tumor-associated genes discovery.

Gene Expression Profiling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Placement of autogeneic bone chips or bovine bone mineral in guided bone augmentation: a rabbit skull study.

PURPOSE: Our primary aim was to use a rabbit guided bone augmentation model to evaluate whether use of autogeneic bone grafts or bovine bone mineral (BBM) combined with a space-making barrier enhances bone augmentation compared with a barrier alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen rabbits were studied. In each rabbit, 2 titanium cylinders, each with 1 titanium lid, were placed subcutaneously in perforated slits made in the cortical bones, with their open ends facing the parietal bones. One cylinder was left empty and the other was filled with either autogeneic skull bone chips or BBM. Bone labels were injected after 4 and 11 weeks. After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed to obtain ground sections for histology and histomorphometry. RESULTS: Significantly more tissue was augmented in the 2 test groups than in the control group. Most of the autografts were resorbed, leaving only minute amounts in the upper third of the cylinders. Slender new bone trabeculae were distributed mainly from the contiguous bone plate that had no contact with the remaining graft material. In the BBM group, most of the BBM remained evenly distributed in the cylinder. In the upper third of the cylinder, the BBM was surrounded by soft connective tissue, while in the lower two thirds, mainly mineralized bone enclosed the BBM. Equal amounts of mineralized bone were found in both test groups. Comparisons of contact between bone and BBM on one hand and bone and bone cylinder wall on the other revealed that the greatest bone contact was with the BBM in the lower third of the cylinder. In the middle and upper third of the cylinder, bone-BBM contact and bone-cylinder wall contact were similar. Fluorescent label intensity was higher in the autograft group than in the BBM group. In all 3 groups the intensity of the early label was similar to that of the late label, indicating that the graft materials do not seem to retard mineralization. DISCUSSION: BBM was found to promote as much new bone as did autogeneic bone. In addition, BBM appears to have at least the same osteoconductive properties as titanium, provided BBM is contained in a stable environment. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of autogeneic bone or BBM in conjunction with a stiff space-making barrier generated more tissue than a barrier only. In this model, autogeneic bone chips and BBM augmented similar amounts of new mineralized bone.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A preliminary study to assess the value of the DNA chips SpectralChip to detect subtle constitutional chromosome imbalances].

Comparative genomic hybridization on a microarray (microarray-CGH) allows to detect genomic chromosome imbalances. In order to assess its value to detect small chromosome imbalances observed in a clinical setting, using a DNA chip available commercially (Spectral Genomics, Houston, Texas, USA), we studied the DNA of 9 patients carrying a well characterized chromosome imbalance and the DNA of 11 patients where cytogenetic techniques such as high resolution banding karyotype, FISH using subtelomeric probes and comparative genomic hybridization on metaphase chromosomes conclude to a normal and/or balanced karyotype. A result was obtained for 19/20 patients. Failure of hybridization was observed for one patient. For all the other cases the sex of patients was correctly identified. Microarray-CGH was able to correctly diagnose the chromosome imbalance in 6/8 patients carrying such a defect i.e 9/11 imbalances (deletion or duplication) were detected. No chromosome imbalance was observed in 11 patients considered normal and/or balanced using cytogenetic techniques. Several clones were found to be polymorphic and required FISH studies to eliminate duplication or deletion. In conclusion, we think that this commercially available DNA chip might be useful to screen for chromosome imbalances. However, technical improvements are still necessary before using it in a clinical setting. Also, further studies are necessary to assess its sensitivity and specificity.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2004

CHIP: new opportunities in adolescent health care delivery.

Children's Health Insurance Programs (CHIP), usually targeted to infants, toddlers, and school-aged children, have been expanded to include adolescents. Adolescents need some form of health insurance in order to access needed care. Moreover, programs and services that provide them with health care must be adolescent-friendly, adolescent-focused and adolescent-sensitive, and include specialized training for primary care providers. Translating this philosophy into a successful health care delivery program involves addressing the psychological, institutional and financial barriers that make it difficult for adolescents to access health care. Overcoming these barriers, especially the financial ones, requires that primary care providers advocate for teenagers and take advantage of resources made available for them. CHIP provides a critical opportunity for policy-makers and health care providers to further improve adolescent health care and to more fully integrate adolescents into the health care system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of protein glycosylation using chip-based infusion nanoelectrospray linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.

Mass spectrometry (MS) has the potential to revolutionize structural glycobiology and help in the understanding of how post-translation events such as glycosylation affect protein activities. Several approaches to determine the structure of glycopeptides have been used successfully including fast atom bombardment, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, and electrospray ionization with a wide variety of mass analyzers. However, the identification of glycopeptides in a complex mixture still remains a challenge. The source of this challenge is primarily due to the poor ionization efficiency and rapid degradation of glycopeptides. In this report we describe the use of a chip-based infusion nanoelectrospray ionization technique in combination with a recently developed linear ion trap for identification and characterization of glycosylation in complex mixtures. Two standard synthetic glycans were analyzed using multiple-stage fragmentation analysis in both positive and negative ionization modes. In addition, the high mannose type N-glycosylation in ribonuclease B (RNase B) was used to map the glycosylation site and obtain the glycan structures. We were able to map the glycosylation site and obtain the glycan structures in RNase B in a single analysis. The results reported here demonstrate that the fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray linear ion trap platform is a valuable system for oligosaccharide analyses due to the unique MS/MS and MS(n) capability of the linear ion trap and the extended analysis time provided by the ionization technique.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

[Research on the application feasibility of HLA-DRB1 genotyping for forensic identification by oligonucleotide chip].

OBJECTIVE: Research on the application feasibility of HLA-DRB1 genotyping for forensic identification by oligonucleotide chip. METHODS: Population studies on HLA-DRB1 was carried out in a sample of 561 unrelated Chinese Han individuals using oligonucleotide arrays for genotype detection. Meanwhile, we explored the feasibility of typing HLA-DRB1 by DNA chip for forensic identification. RESULTS: No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be found. The Observed heterozygosity(Ho) was 0.888. The Expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.902. The Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.893. The Average exclusion probability (PE) was 0.801. Pedigree analysis showed no deviation from Mendel's Law. CONCLUSION: The data and results of pedigree analysis and case application demonstrated that HLA-DRB1 typing by oligonucleotide probe arrays was a useful technique for paternity testing and individual identification.

Alleles↗
PubMed2004

[Optimization of the conditions for protein chip preparation].

OBJECTIVE: To define the optimal conditions for preparing protein chips on aldehyde-coated slides. METHODS: The proteins were diluted in PBS containing 40% glycerol and spotted on aldehyde-coated slides. After the spots were dried for 1 hour at room temperature, the slides were stored at 4 degrees Celsius;. Following block and rinse, the slides were used for immunoassay and the results detected with a scanner. Several key factors that might influence the results were tested, including the number of spots, concentration of protein in the spotting solution, time of immobilization and the blocking reagent. RESULTS: Pre-spotting of 10 to 15 spots achieved good homogeneity of the subsequent spots on aldehyde-coated slides. The protein immobilized at 4 degrees Celsius; for 24 to 48 h showed higher fluorescence intensity and clearer images, and the slides blocked with 3% BSA produced the lowest background signal. The concentration of protein in the spotting solution significantly affected the fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSION: To ensure good results in preparing protein chips on aldehyde slides, pre-spotting of 10-15 spots can be necessary followed by immobilization at 4 degrees Celsius; for 24-48 h and 3% BSA blocking.

Protein Array Analysis↗
PubMed2004

Distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in routine pap smear of 2,470 korean women determined by DNA chip.

PURPOSE: We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and prevalence from routine Pap smear cases in Korean women using DNA Chip. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 2,470 cervical specimens from women attending routine Pap smear cytology screening in local hospitals was subjected to HPV test. HPV detection and genotyping were done using DNA Chip. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 44.8% of the patients and in 58.7% of the 861 atypical lesions based on the Bethesda system, including 52.6% of 627 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 69.0% of 168 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 89.4% of 66 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) cases. The most frequently found genotypes in all HPV-positive cases were HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-58. HPV-16 was the most prevalent type in within normal limits, ASCUS, and HSIL categories, whereas HPV-51 was most frequently found in LSIL. Multiple infection was identified in about 20% of HPV-positive cases and most of them were that by two different types. HPV-16 was present in the majority of multiple infection cases. A significant decrease in the percentage of multiple infection was observed in HSIL cases compared with ASCUS and LSIL. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of HPV genotypes in Korean women was revealed to have differences to that of other regions, showing higher frequencies of HPV-52, HPV-58, and HPV-51. HSIL cases were mostly infected by sole HPV-16 whereas LSIL that by various HPV types, suggesting a certain type may become dominant over others as the disease progresses.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Detection of transgenic crop with gene chip].

Some selected available sequences of reporter genes,resistant genes, promoters and terminators are amplified by PCR for the probes of transgenic crop detection gene chip. These probes are arrayed at definite density and printed on the surface of amino-slides by bioRobot MicroGrid II. Results showed that gene chip worked quickly and correctly, when transgenic rice, pawpaw,maize and soybean were applied.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2003

[Analysis of polymorphic RAPD fragments in P. Taiwanensis Hayata using an integrated microflluidic chip-based system].

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers quickly provide linkage information, especially in conifers where haploid megagametophytes can be used for genotyping. Traditionally use of slab gel electrophresis results in qualitative data that can be manually manipulated to gain semiquantitative information about the polymorphic RAPD fragments. We have proposed the use of an integrated microfluidic chip-based system as a new tool in the analysis of polymorphic RAPD fragments. The chip-based method was found to be very sensitive,requiring much less sample and only quarter the time compared to the agarose gel method. The automated data analysis sizes and quantitates the DNA fragments, thus yielding a more thorough,reproducible, sensitive, and rapid analysis.

English Abstract↗