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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Cerebrospinal fluid sorption in the system of complex treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia].

The cerebrospinal fluid was investigated in 16 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Reactions of the local immune system of the liquor was shown to change by the autoimmune type. Medical efficiency of cerebrospinal fluid sorption was proved and it can be considered a method of detoxication aimed at breaking the pathogenetic chain: formation of abundance of the autoantibodies--increased amount of the circulating immunocomplexes--damage of the cell membranes--discharge of deep antigens--appearance of a new generation of autoantibodies. Using cerebrospinal fluid sorption as a test for the detection of latent functional reserves of the neurons not changed irreversibly in the zone of reduced perfusion of the cerebral tissue is thought to be a perspective method.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A paraprotein IgA1 occurring in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): immunochemical and idiotypic evidence of synthesis in situ by the central nervous system (CNS).

A patient affected with multiple myeloma displayed in the serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid a paraprotein with identical electrophoretic mobility. The paraprotein, which was polymeric, appeared in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid mainly as the dimer and tetramer, whereas in the urine the tetramer was predominant. The myeloma protein, identified as an IgA1 kappa, was isolated from the serum and urine and submitted to structural analysis. For reasons of scarcity of material, it was decided to approach the structure of the cerebrospinal fluid paraprotein by means of antiidiotypic antiserum. Complete idiotypic identity between, on the one hand, cerebrospinal fluid and, on the other hand, IgA1 isolated from serum and urine and F(ab)2 alpha derived from serum IgA1 was observed. Adsorption experiments confirmed the idiotypic identity among the three biological fluids. Although the blood-brain barrier of the patient was only slightly disturbed, IgA polymers of MW varying from approximately 280,000 to approximately 840,000 appeared in the cerebrospinal fluid. Consequently the results are good evidence for synthesis within the central nervous system by subsequent generations of a malignant B-cell line which invaded the central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of growth hormone-deficient adults with recombinant human growth hormone increases the concentration of growth hormone in the cerebrospinal fluid and affects neurotransmitters.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the effects of recombinant human growth hormone were studied on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), monoamine metabolites, neuropeptides and endogenous opioid peptides. Twenty patients, 10 patients in each of 2 groups, with adult-onset, growth hormone deficiency were treated for 1 month with recombinant human growth hormone (0.25 U/kg/week) or placebo. All the patients received the appropriate thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormone replacement. In cerebrospinal fluid, the mean concentration of growth hormone increased from 13.3 +/- 4.4 to 149.3 +/- 22.2 muU/l (p = 0.002), during recombinant human growth hormone treatment. The cerebrospinal fluid IGF-I concentration increased from 0.67 +/- 0.04 to 0.99 +/- 0.10 micrograms/l (p = 0.005) and the IGFBP-3 concentration rose from 13.4 +/- 1.25 to 17.5 +/- 1.83 micrograms/l (p = 0.002). The dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid decreased from 282.1 +/- 36.0 to 234.3 +/- 26.5 nmol/l (p = 0.02) and the vasoactive intestinal peptide decreased from 4.1 +/- 0.6 to 3.7 +/- 0.4 pmol/l (p = 0.03). Cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive beta-endorphin increased from 24.4 +/- 1.8 to 29.9 +/- 2.1 pmol/l (p = 0.002). There were no significant changes compared to baseline in the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of enkephalins, dynorphin A, the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-ethyleneglycol, the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, somatostatin or corticotropin-releasing factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The separation and detection of alkaline oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid using immobilised pH gradients.

A method is described for the separation and detection of highly alkaline IgG bands in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These bands are frequently found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, particularly in the case of multiple sclerosis, and their detection is an important aid in clinical diagnosis. An isoelectric focusing technique using an immobilised pH gradient in polyacrylamide gel has been developed over the pH range 7-10, producing a linear and stable pH gradient with excellent resolution. After electrofocusing, the protein patterns were blotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and visualised using anti-human IgG followed by an enzyme-labelled second antibody. Blotting could be carried out by capillary diffusion for up to 16 h duration without any loss in resolution. Using this method, highly alkaline intrathecal IgG bands were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of all of the 14 multiple sclerosis patients. There were also 2 patients with alkaline IgG bands in their cerebrospinal fluid who were not diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. By contrast, no alkaline IgG bands with an isoelectric point (pI) greater than 8.6 were found in any of the serum samples studied (n = 50) from patients with various neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis.

Buffers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gallbladder carcinoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid as the first manifestation of a tumor. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) rarely occurs as the first evidence of a tumor. In such cases cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid is crucial to the diagnosis. The most frequent primary MCs are lung and breast cancers. MC from a gallbladder carcinoma is uncommon. CASE: A 58-year-old woman presented with paroxysmal headaches, seizures and coma. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed carcinoma cells and a low protein concentration. Only postmortem examination discovered gallbladder adenocarcinoma to be the source of the tumor cells. CONCLUSION: A case with the onset of MC secondary to rare mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is presented. Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid was the only examination that uncovered malignancy. Nine similar cases were found in the literature. Low cerebrospinal fluid protein seems to be of diagnostic value.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

A reevaluation of choline acetyltransferase activity in human cerebrospinal fluid and serum.

Choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) was studied in human cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Sensitivity, precision and reproducibility of the radioactive assay were evaluated with a homogenate from pig brain and with partially purified enzymes from bovine brain and human placenta. Contrary to other reports, with the assay used in the present study, choline acetyltransferase activity was not detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of 50 patients with various neurological disorders. Only a very slight but significant non-enzymatic formation of a radioactive product by concentrated cerebrospinal fluid was observed. Nonenzymatic but enzyme-like formation of acetylcholine by thiol reagents and other compounds is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin determination in cerebrovascular diseases].

The levels of oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in 46 cases of subarachnoideal haemorrhage and cerebromeningeal haemorrhage, 18 cases of haemorrhagic infarction. Autopsy confirmation was available in 18 cases of haemorrhages and 18 cases of infarction. Determination of oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid is not sufficient as a reliable basis for differentiating between cerebral haemorrhage and haemorrhagic infarction. High values of oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin seem to indicate bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces. Assessment of oxyhaemoglobin level and cerebrospinal fluid sediment suggests in some cases the diagnosis.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1987

[Detection of beta 2-transferrin with agarose gel electrophoresis, immunofixation and silver staining in cerebrospinal fluid, secretions and other body fluids].

A method is described for the detection of beta 2-transferrin (asialotransferrin) in 1 microliter cerebrospinal fluid. Owing to its low content of sialic acid, beta 2-transferrin migrates more slowly than the main transferrin component (beta 1-transferrin) in electrophoresis. The high sensitivity and specificity of the test depend on immunofixation of the electrophoretically separated transferrin in the agarose gel, and on the visualization of the immune complex by staining with alkaline silver nitrate solution. Since beta 2-transferrin occurs practically only in cerebrospinal fluid and not in other body fluids, its detection in secretions from the nose or ear can be used for the diagnosis of rhinoor otoliquorrhoea. Even under unfavourable conditions, 10% cerebrospinal fluid can be detected in a secretion. Operator time for investigation of a secretion sample is 110 minutes and the analysis time is 5 hours. The direct costs are 95 German marks. Forty two secretions have been investigated so far. Eighteen were shown to contain cerebrospinal fluid, and this was confirmed by subsequent operative findings on the patients.

Asialoglycoproteins↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of slide coagglutination test and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for detection of group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid from infants with meningitis.

The usefulness of Phadebact streptococcus reagents for the detection of group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated in 54 infants with meningitis and in 22 normal infants. Antigens was detected by slide coagglutination in 19 (82.6%) and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in 20 (87.0%) of 23 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from infants with group B streptococcal meningitis at admission. After initiation of antimicrobial therapy, antigen could be detected in 11 of 19 (by slide coagglutination) and 7 of 18 (by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis) cerebrospinal fluids. False-positive reactions were noted by slide coagglutination in one infant with S. bovis meningitis and one with group B streptococcal bacteremia without meningitis; none occurred with countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. The commercial availiability, simplicity, sensitivity (82.6%), and specificity (96.4%) of the Phadebact slide coaggluatination test for detecting group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid suggest that it may be useful for the early and rapid diagnosis of group B streptococcal meningitis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

Isoelectric focusing of rabbit transcobalamin from serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Isoelectric focusing in agarose gel separated rabbit transcobalamin into five to eight isopeptides with isoelectric point (pI) 5.4-6.8. Three different sets of patterns were observed in serum samples from 34 rabbits and in cerebrospinal fluid samples from 10 rabbits as a given pattern in serum corresponded to a given pattern in cerebrospinal fluid. Serum contained higher substance concentrations of acidic isopeptides than cerebrospinal fluid. No correlation was found between the isopeptide patterns and the unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity. The unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity of cerebrospinal fluid was high in relation to the protein concentration (0.5-1.3 nmol/l) compared to that of serum (6.6-22.8 nmol/l). The data suggest synthesis of transcobalamin into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Catecholamines in cerebrospinal fluid are increased by behavioral arousal and myocardial ischemia.

To study the central neural mechanisms involved in malignant ventricular arrhythmia, concentrations of norepinephrine in the cerebrospinal fluid were measured during behavioral stimulation and during coronary artery occlusion. Pigs were instrumented via thoracotomy with catheters to measure mean arterial pressure and plasma catecholamines and with silk snares around the left anterior descending coronary artery for occlusion after recovery from surgery. Cannulas were placed in the lateral ventricle of the brain to sample cerebrospinal fluid. Behavioral arousal was induced by lifting the pig in a canvas sling for 5 min. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine concentrations increased significantly after lifting stimulation. In a separate experiment, 5 min after coronary artery occlusion, both plasma catecholamines and norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly elevated. Furthermore, pigs in which ventricular fibrillation occurred after occlusion had significantly higher concentrations of norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid before coronary artery occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in cerebrospinal fluid from meningitis/encephalitis patients.

The neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 61 patients with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, or encephalitis, and other diseases by means of two-site enzyme-linked immunoassay. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurotrophin-4 were demonstrated in four of the 11 patients with bacterial meningitis, and seven of the 23 patients with viral meningitis or encephalitis. None of the other patients demonstrated elevation of the neurotrophin-4 level in cerebrospinal fluid. The neurotrophin-4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with the numbers of total and mononuclear cells in patients with viral meningitis/encephalitis. In patients with bacterial meningitis, three of the four patients with elevated neurotrophin-4 levels exhibited persistent abnormalities on computed tomography, and one revealed transient subdural effusion. On the other hand, none of the seven patients without neurotrophin-4 elevation had persistent computed tomography abnormalities, and five patients demonstrated transient computed tomography abnormalities. The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels were below the detection limit, or only slightly higher than the detection limit, in the patients with or without central nervous system infections. Although the precise roles of neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in central nervous system infections remain to be determined, neurotrophin-4 might play a neuroprotective or immunomodulatory role in central nervous system infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

The possible significance of IgA in abnormal cerebrospinal fluid.

In a study of 21 patients with disease of the central nervous system IgA, which is normally absent, could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of meningitis of bacterial or fungal origin: the concentration of IgA in the cerebrospinal fluid could not, however, be correlated with serum levels. A reaction of non-identity has been demonstrated between serum and cerebrospinal fluid IgA using the diffusion technique on cellulose acetate. These data seem to suggest that cerebrospinal fluid IgA is produced independently of serum IgA and can be detected in measurable amounts where microorganisms are the cause of inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.

Cellulose↗
PubMed2005

[Combining exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with small dose of urokinase injection for subarachnoid hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of combining exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with small dose of urokinase injection for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: One hundred thirty-four SAH patients diagnosed by CT or MRI and lumbar puncture were randomly divided into two groups: 68 patients in the treatment group were given exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and small dose of urokinase injection; 66 patients in the control group were treated with exchange of cerebrospinal fluid. The main complications, the neurological deficit scale and curative effect of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Complications about cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus were fewer than those in the conventional therapeutic group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of rebleeding between the two groups (P > 0.05). The neurological deficit scale in the treatment-group was significantly lower than that in conventional therapeutic group (P < 0.01). There was obvious difference the curative effect in the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combining exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with small dose of urokinase injection is an effective method for treating SAH, and it can improve the survival rate and life quality of SAH patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Cytomorphological study of the cerebrospinal fluid. II. Leukemias and lymphomas (author's transl)].

A cytological study of the cerebrospinal fluid from 25 patients with acute leukemias and five patients with malignant lymphomas (Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) has been performed. All patients had clinical manifestations of central nervous system involvement at the time of lumbar puncture. Cytological abnormalities were observed in 13 out of the 30 samples examined (positivity: 44 percent). The group of 17 patients with lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for the highest cytological positivity (12 our of 17 cases --70.5 percent--). Cerebrospinal fluid from eight patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and from four patients with Hodgkin's disease was normal. Numerous cell atypias were found in a case of lymphocytic lymphoma. The importance of systematic cytological study of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with leukemia in order to prevent recurrences and to control intrathecal administration of cytostatics and/or radiotherapy is stressed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Cerebrospinal fluid interleukins, immunoglobulins, and fibronectin in neuroborreliosis.

Intrathecal synthesis of IgM and IgG, oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands, and the levels of fibronectin, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were investigated with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 46 paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from 32 patients with meningopolyradiculoneuritis due to Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme borreliosis stage 2). Cerebrospinal fluid and serum interleukin 6, although not specific for neuroborreliosis, were good indicators of disease activity, while the serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor level was only mildly elevated. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was never detected in cerebrospinal fluid or serum specimens, and cerebrospinal fluid IgM, IgM index, and cerebrospinal fluid IgM/cerebrospinal fluid IgG ratios were significantly higher than in all other neuroimmunologic disorders evaluated and may be valuable diagnostic indicators for neuroborreliosis. The estimation of intrathecally synthesized IgG and IgM fractions for the differential diagnosis of neuroimmunologic disorders did not add to IgG and IgM index calculations.

Antibody Formation↗