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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

High pressure liquid chromatography of zearalenone in cereals.

A high pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determining zearalenone in cereals. The sample is extracted with phosphoric acid and chloroform. The extract is cleaned up by washing on a silica gel column with benzene-hexane or cyclohexane-ethylene dicholride-ethyl ether and eluting with chloroform, and further purified by extracting into alkaline solution, washing with water, adjusting pH, and back-extracting into chloroform. Zearalenone is determined by using a liquid chromatograph with 2 columns in series packed with Spherisorb 10 micron ODS and with an ultraviolet detector set at 236 nm. The detection limit of the method is 2 microgram/kg. Recovery is about 90% when benzene-hexane is used in the washing step and about 80% when cyclo-hexane-ethylene dichloride-ethyl ether is used.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1983

[Degradation of cereal straw with lye].

Straw is a plentiful agricultural waste product. It cannot be used as the sole feed for ruminants and it cannot even serve to satisfy maintenance requirements. The rumen microbes are not capable of breaking down the cell walls in cereal straw rapidly enough or to a sufficient extent. To improve the utilization of straw, efforts were made to treat this material by physical, chemical and biological methods. Some of these procedures will only improve the intake of straw by the animal, whereas the primary object continues to be the improvement of digestibility. Alkali treatment of straw is the most suitable method for this purpose. The mode of action of alkali on the cell walls of straw is described in the present paper.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

[Contamination by lead and cadmium during smoke drying of cereals].

Direct drying of cereals with diesel oil as a fuel does not increase the lead and cadmium contents. From the viewpoint of food hygiene and in the interest of the consumer's protection, however, it is recommendable to abandon this kind of drying since previous studies have shown that it involves the risk of contamination by cancerogenic hydrocarbons.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1980

Extraction of light filth from barley, oatmeal, and mixed dry infant cereals: collaborative study.

A new method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from oatmeal, barley, and mixed dry infant cereals which involves HCl digestion followed by wet sieving. The residue is defatted in a paper cup, using isopropanol, and transferred to a 2 L Wildman trap flask with 40% isopropanol. Filth elements are extracted with light mineral oil. Interlaboratory studies resulted in 92 and 86% average recoveries of rodent hairs and insect fragments, respectively. The proposed method has been adopted as official first action.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1982

[Na-Dis disc electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane of cereals].

Na-DS disc electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane proteins of cereals on polyacrylamide plates resulted in 37 to 44 subunits with molecular weights ranging from 10 000 to 300 000. The high affinity of electrophoretic patterns of the mitochondrial membranes of rye, oats and two selectively different wheat varieties and their identicity in 3- and 10-day-old sprouts and roots are indicative of evolutionary and functional stability of this protein group.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1982

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of mono- and disaccharides in presweetened cereals: Collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted using a modified AOAC method (sugars in chocolate) for the determination of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in presweetened cereals by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eight samples consisting of 6 products were analyzed in duplicate by the HPLC method and the AOAC Lane-Eynon method. The AOAC method was modified to use water-alcohol (1 + 1) and Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for sample cleanup. The HPLC results indicate precision comparable to the lane-Eynon method and the chocolate method. The modified HPLC method has been adopted official first action.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1977

Provocation with cow's milk and cereals in atopic dermatitis.

Oral provocation test with cow's milk and cereals were performed in 81 children with atopic dermatitis, all below 5 years of age. In 15 of the children exacerbation of the dermatitis occurred on the second or third day after initiation of the tests. These patients, whose mean age was 13 months, underwent repeated provocation during the ensuring 18 months. Eleven children lost their sensitivity to the offending foods and 2 children became more tolerant during this period. Initial levels of serum IgE and specific reagins against the foods tested did not distinguish those patients who were positive to the provocation tests. In this group, however, reagins against egg white were significantly increased. The specific serum reagins were unaltered or increased in the majority of cases during the period of study. The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was found of limited value as a screening tool in patients with atopic dermatitis in whom exacerbation of the condition appears to be caused by food sensitivity.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

Capillary gas-liquid chromatographic determination of vomitoxin in cereal grains.

A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method, using an electron capture detector, is described for determining vomitoxin in cereal grains at levels as low as 0.05 ppm. Samples are extracted with chloroform-ethanol and initially purified by using a Sep-Pak silica cartridge, followed by column chromatography using Sephadex LH-20. Additional purification is achieved by using a disposable cyano cartridge. Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBI) is added to form esters of the analytes. The HFB esters of vomitoxin are separated on a 30 m X 0.25 mm fused silica column coated with SE-54 and measured with a 63Ni electron capture detector. Samples were confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization and single ion monitoring at the molecular ion mass of 884.05 and at 10 000 resolving power. The method has been applied to wheat, oats, barley, and corn. The limit of detection is 0.05 ppm vomitoxin. Average recoveries were 89.8% with a coefficient of variation of 4.0%.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1980

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of satratoxins G and H in cereal grains.

A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the detection and quantitative determination of satratoxins G and H in cereal grains. The toxins are extracted from the sample by blending with methanol--water (55 + 45) in the presence of hexane, followed by partitioning into chloroform. The chloroform extract is further purified on a 10 g silica gel column. A high pressure liquid chromatograph, equipped with a microparticle silica gel column and a 254 nm absorbance detector, is used for the determination. Additional confirmation of identity is obtained by mass spectrometry or by a brine shrimp bioassay of the HPLC eluates corresponding to the retention times of satratoxins G and H. The recoveries of added satratoxins G and H from wheat samples averaged 65% for G and 71% for H (200--1000 mg/kg). The coefficients of variation (CV) were 15% for G and 14% for H. The lower limit of detection was 200 microgram/kg for wheat. Analysis of corn, oats, and barley samples (400 microgram/kg of each toxin added) gave comparable recoveries. Only the corn extract exhibited HPLC interferences at the retention time for satratoxin H. The method was also used to analyze samples of corn, oats, wheat, barley, and rice on which Stachybotrys atra had been cultured.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The genetic polymorphism of cereals demonstrated by PCR with random primers].

Polymerase chain reaction of DNA amplification with the use of random primers is a new approach in investigations of genome specificity. Nucleotide sequences that showed polymorphism in RFLP analysis were used as primers. Optimal temperature conditions and Mg2+ concentrations were determined for studying inter- and intraspecific DNA polymorphism in the most important cereals.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Cereal bars with peanut and puffed amaranthus: chemical composition and stability in accelerated storage].

Three different cereal bars, CM3A-CM3B and CM3C were prepared following the flow sheat of Escobar et al: different amount of oat, wheat germ, and puffed amaranthus were used: to stick them together, natural sweeteners and fats were added. Proximate analysis, were run on raw materials and snack bars. They were evaluated organoleptically to know their quality and acceptability. Bars were kept in accelerated storage at 37 degrees C during 15 days to know their stability. Every 5 days were measured the water activity (Aw), moisture, and peroxides development; also appearance of organoleptic randicity. Acceptability of bar CM3B was 91.67% with 0.0% of rejection; CM3A and CM3C got the same acceptability (66.67%) and 8.33% of rejection. In accelerate storage, Aw and moisture content decreased until reaching a value of 0.48 and 5.9 in the CM3B bar, respectively. Peroxide content of CM3B and CM3C increased gradually up to 12 and 17 meq/kg respectively at 15 days. Rancyd aroma appearance was not the same in the bars, CM3A and CM3B had a decreasing at 15 days, while CM3C showed an increasing at the same time. In brief, CM3B showed the best sensory quality, the higher acceptability and the greater stability in accelerated storage.

Arachis↗
PubMed1994

[Nutrient content in raw and processed foods derived from cereals and legumes. I: Centesimal composition and energetic value].

Proximate composition and metabolizable energy of raw and processed foods derived from cereals and legumes, were determined. Results can be used to revise the out of day national composition table, to incorporate data of ash, new data of dietary fiber obtained by an enzimatic hydrolysis method, asimilable carbohydrates and metabolizable energy. They also replace the composition of various foods which were compiled from foreing tables. Difference observed on values of lipids in those foods with low lipid content, are imputed to the solvents used in the extraction.

Dietary Fiber↗
PubMed1977

Allergic evaluation of cereal smuts.

Weekly atmospheric sampling in the Pocatello, Idaho, area and skin testing with a standard inland smut mixture of the smuts of common cereal grains and grasses have shown that smut is a prominent antigen and, used rationally in a mixture of related antigens, is useful in all seasons in the treatment of allergies. The history, agricultural aspects and medical significance of smuts are discussed.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1995

Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids inhibit H2O2-induced peroxidation of biological membranes.

Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids (5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols) at micromolar concentrations are able to protect the erythrocyte membrane against hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid oxidation. The antioxidative effect is dependent upon chain length of alkylresorcinol molecules. The C15:0 homolog (IC50 of 10 microM) exhibited strongest activity whereas for long chain homologs (C19:0 and C23:0) IC50 values were higher, 32.5 and 59 microM, respectively. The protective effect of alkylresorcinolic antioxidants was also dependent on their incorporation into the membrane, that is governed by their water-membrane partition coefficient. The results obtained show that alkylresorcinols should be recognized as hydrophobic, membrane-localised antioxidants.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of semiautomated and manual methods for the determination of thiamine in baby cereals and infant and dietary formulas.

Using a semiautomated method, the mean thiamine content of specific products ranged from 88 to 101% and 83 to 93% for baby cereals and infant and dietary formulas, respectively, of those obtained with the AOAC manual method. The best results were obtained when data for the semiautomated method were calculated from a standard curve obtained by using thiamine solutions which had been digested and hydrolyzed along with the samples.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1995

The cholesterol-lowering properties of a psyllium-based breakfast cereal in hamsters.

Hamsters were fed high fiber diets containing cellulose, wheat bran or psyllium. The psyllium was incorporated into high fiber, ready-to-eat (RTE) flakes that were used to formulate the test diet. All the diets contained 0.125% cholesterol. The study was terminated after three weeks. Food intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different in the three groups. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels were reduced significantly by the psyllium diet. Serum triglycerides were 26% lower in the hamsters fed psyllium but because of the large variation the difference did not reach statistical significance. Liver total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester levels were significantly lower in the hamsters fed psyllium. Liver triglycerides were highest in the psyllium-fed hamsters and liver phospholipid levels were similar in the three groups. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in hamsters fed cellulose than in those fed wheat bran. Psyllium formulated into an RTE cereal was effective in reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels in hamsters.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Identification of a masked allergen, alpha-lactalbumin, in baby-food cereal flour guaranteed free of cow's milk protein.

We report on a baby food, cereal flour P (CFP), which, although guaranteed free of cow's milk protein, caused failure to thrive and diarrhea, vomiting, and coughing fits in a 22-month-old child. The purpose of this study was to identify the allergen involved. The investigation used prick tests, RAST, and the RAST inhibition method. Specific IgE was elevated to 100 kU/l for cow's milk and to 15.3 kU/l for alpha-lactalbumin (2.5 kU/l for casein, 0.7 kU/l for beta-lactoglobulin). Antibovine IgG IgEs were associated. RAST inhibition experiments demonstrated the presence of alpha-lactalbumin in "food-quality" lactose used in this flour, at a dose of 1-5 micrograms/g of CFP. The daily intake of alpha-lactalbumin was found to be less than 70 micrograms. This exquisite clinical sensitization was attributed to the intestinal hyperpermeability (IH) which favors the access of milk allergen to the blood, leading to an ever-growing state of hypersensitivity. It could have been due to egg- and mustard-associated allergies as well as to giardiasis and intestinal candidosis. This work underlines the risk of masked food allergens and the need of thoroughly informative labeling.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiation-induced changes in the cellular chromatin of cereal plants cultivated in the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The changes in chromatin and DNA of seedling and callus tissues of cereals grown in the Chernobyl NPP zones with contamination levels of 15, 40 and 60 Ci/km2 were studied. Test samples produced by germinating and culturing seed cells of grown in contaminated areas were notable for the content of soluble polydesoxiribonucleotides, amount of DNA damages, DNA distribution over separate compartments of cell nucleus as compared to the control. Analogy between radiation-induced changes in chromatine and processes occurring in cell nucleus senescence was observed.

Chromatin↗