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PubMed1975

Comparative response of castrate and intact male rats to diethylstilbestrol.

Treatment of castrate and intact male rats with DES in the feed was used to note its comparative effect on feed intake vesicle, testicle, spleen and liver weights, and DES similarly reduced gain and feed efficiently in both castrate and intact male rats. Thus, there appears to be a basic difference in the response of rats to DES, compared to cattle and sheep, that does not depend on whether they are intact or castrate males.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Predictability of Gleason score and reduction time (tau) of prostatic volume after castration for the prognosis of prostatic cancer].

PURPOSE: The efficacy of the reduction time (tau) after castration as a prognostic factor was examined by comparing to Gleason score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The change of prostatic volume after castration was observed from the castration to 3 months after in 24 cases of prostatic cancer. Prostatic volume was examined by transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate. Survival curves was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Differences among survival curves were analyzed using Cox-Mantel test. RESULTS: tau had a close relationship to the prognosis of each case (Wilcoxon test: p < 0.05, Cox-Mantel test: p < 0.05). Gleason score had a weak relationship to prognosis (Wilcoxon test: N. S., Cox-Mantel test: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: tau was efficient as prognostic factor compared to Gleason score.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Influence of castration and testosterone on pineal multi-unit activity in quail.

Pineal multiple unit electrical activity was recorded in unanaesthetized quail maintained under a short or long daily photoperiod. Both spontaneous and flash-induced multiple unit firing were recorded in intact, castrated or superior cervical ganglionectomized birds. The effects of testosterone administration were tested in each experimental group. 10 Whereas orchidectomy led to a substantial rise in pineal multi-unit activity (MUA), testosterone propionate injection resulted in a markedly decreased MUA in castrates. A smaller decrease in MUA was caused by androgen treatment in intact or ganglionectomized birds. Androgen treatment of controls and ganglionectomized quail was not so effective in reducing pineal activity as was lengthening the photoperiod from 6L-18D to 18L-6D. 20 Repetitive photic stimulations resulted in a significant suppression of pineal MUA in all intact, castrated and ganglionectomized quail, whether or not testosterone was administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of an anabolic agent on N deposition, growth, and slaughter quality in growing castrated male pigs.

The conversion of feed protein into body protein in growing pigs is rather unfavourable. With Dutch Landrace pigs only 30--40 percent of the digestible crude protein is converted into body protein. To study the influence of implanting 20 mg 17beta-estradiol + 140 mg trenbolone acetate per animal on this conversion ratio, three nitrogen-balance experiments were performed with castrated male pigs of 55--75 kg liveweight. In experiment 3 the energy balance was also measured. N-retention was significantly improved by the treatment. In none of the experiments the digestibility of the ration was influenced. With the pigs implanted at around 55 kg live weight, N-deposition during the period from 6--9 till 26--32 days after treatment was increased by on an average respectively of 24 percent (experiment 1), 60 percent (experiment 2) and 56 percent (experiment 3) as compared with a placebo. Where pigs of 75 kg were implanted, N-deposition was increased over the period from 2 till 28 days after implantation by 39 percent as compared with a placebo. In experiment 3 it was shown that the conversion of the metabolizable energy of the ration into energy deposited in the body (= protein + fat) was not considerably altered at 13--17 days after the treatment of pigs (weighing 55 kg) with anabolic agents. As compared with the placebo, N-deposition was increased by 40 percent and fat deposition was descreased by 15--20 percent. So the implantation with the anabolic agents has resulted in shift to a higher protein deposition and a lower fat deposition. The results of the balance determinations were confirmed in a comparative growth experiment, in which 14 castrated male Large Wht& x Landrace pigs of 56 kg weight (i.e. 69 days before slaughter at 90 kg live weight) were implanted with the aforementioned combination; 14 animals served as control. In the period from treatment till slaughter live weight gain was significantly improved by 6.5 kg; feed conversion was 0.3 units significantly lower than the control. Carcass weight was significantly higher for the treated group (difference compared with control 4.5 kg). Carcass quality was also improved; the carcasses of the treated pigs were longer and the thickness of the backfat was less. In a second comparative experiment on growth of castrated male pigs from 66 to 100 kg, the effect of the oral application of the combination ethinylestradiol (0.6 ppm, 1.2 ppm, and 2 ppm respectively in the feed) and trenbolone acetate (2 ppm in the feed) was studied. The three experimental groups and the control group consisted of 15 animals each. Live weight gain was significantly improved in the two groups with the higher levels of ethinyl estradiol (i.e. 4.4 kg and 6.9 kg respectively), feed conversion was significantly lower in all three anabolic agroups (i.e. 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 respectively). Backfat thickness was less in all three anabolic groups and the carcasses were longer in the two higher dosage groups compared with the control group...

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Changes in the weights of the accessory sex organs in male CD/IGS rats (Rattus norvegicus) after castration.

This study was designed to detect time-course changes in the weights of accessory sex organs after castration. Crj:CD(SD) IGS rats (Rattus norvegicus) were castrated at age of 6-weeks and sacrificed within 14 days of the procedure. The ventral prostate, vesicular gland, bulbospongiosus/levator ani muscle, glans penis and bulbourethral glands were then weighed. The ventral prostate and vesicular gland had significantly decreased in weight 8 and 6 days after castration, respectively. The other organs did not decrease in weight significantly between time periods though there was an overall decrease in weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Partial and complete castration of fat-tailed sheep in northern Iraq.

30 (3 X 10) male Karadi lambs aged 6 to 10 months were left uncastrated (group I), were partially castrated (group 2) and completely castrated (group 3) and kept for 14 weeks under experimental conditions. During the experimental period, the partially castrated animals surpassed the animals of groups 1 and 3 in live body weight. The total gain weight was highest in group I. There were highly significant differences between the three groups in some body dimensions investigated. The TDN units required per unit increase of live weight were 10.70 (group I), 12.35 (group 2), and 13.01 (group 3). The mortality rate was 20% in group 3, and zero per cent in the other two groups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fractional content of androgens in the urine of young sexually mature, old and castrated dogs].

Fractional composition of 17-KS was studied experimentally in the urine of young sexually-mature, old and castrated dogs. A reduction of the dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, ethiocholanolone and of the fraction of 11-oxidized 17-KS in the old, and particularly in the castrated dogs was demonstrated. Androsterone and ethiocholanolone fractions were subject to the greatest reduction in excretion in the animals under study; the androsterone/ethiocholanolone coefficient was decreased more in old dogs than in the castrated ones. A relative prevalence of dehydroepiandrosterone and of 11-oxdized ketosteroids was noted.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Effect of intratesticular injection of xylazine/ketamine combination on canine castration.

This study was performed to compare the effect of intratesticular (IT) injection of xylazine/ketamine combination for canine castration with those of intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection. Xylazine and ketamine was administered simultaneously via intratesticularly (IT group), intramuscularly (IM group) or intravenously (IV group) at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Pain response at the time of injection, mean induction time, mean arousal time, mean walking time and cardiopulmonary function during anesthesia were monitored after the xylazine and ketamine administration. In IV and IM groups, heart rates were significantly decreased 30 and 45 min after xylazine and ketamine administration, respectively (p < 0.05). Respiratory rates were significantly decreased in the IV group (p < 0.05). In the IT group, there was no significant changes in heart and respiratory rates. The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was less severe in IT group compared with those in IM and IV groups. The route of administration did not affect rectal temperature. Mean induction time was significantly (p < 0.05) longer in IT group than in IM and IV groups. On the contrary, mean arousal time and mean walking time were shortened in IT group. Clinical signs related to pain response at the time of injection and vomiting were less observed in IT group than in IM group, and head shaking was less shown in IT group than in IM and IV groups during recovery period. These results indicated that intratesticular injection of xylazine/ketamine for castration has several advantages such as less inhibition of cardiopulmonary function and fast recovery from anesthesia without severe complications, and would be an effective anesthetic method for castration in small animal practice.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed2006

Effect of tibolone on cytochrome c oxidase I, beta-2-microglobulin and vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in the lower urinary tract of castrated rats.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tibolone on cytochrome oxidase I (COX I), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in the lower urinary tract of castrated rats. These genes are related to cell energy, cellular immunity and vascularization processes. METHODS: Fifty adult castrated rats remained at rest for 28 days. Thereafter they were randomly divided into two groups of 25 animals each. The lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) was extracted in animals of one group and the other group received tibolone at a dose of 0.25 microg/animal/day for another 28 days followed by removal of the lower urinary tract. Total RNA was extracted from animals of both groups, forming two pools. After RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), expression of COX I, B2M and VEGF genes was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis, visualized by UV illumination. RESULTS: Expression of the three genes (COX I, B2M and VEGF) was greater in the group treated with tibolone. CONCLUSION: The use of tibolone increases the expression of COX, B2M and VEGF genes in the lower urinary tract as compared with that in castrated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of long-term oral oestriol succinate therapy on the skin of castrated women.

The effect of three years oestriol succinate therapy (2 mg/day) on the skin was studied in 20 castrated women whose average age was 48 years. A control group whose average age was also 48 years, consisted of 7 patients who did not receive any treatment after castration. There was no significant reduction in epidermal thickness during the three year course of oestriol succinate therapy. On the other hand the significant thinning of the epidermis in the control group was observed three years after oophorectomy. The difference between the 3H-thymidine labelling indices in oestrogen and control groups was not significant three years after castration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Incidence of chronic inflammations in gilts and castrated boars].

Investigations in approximately 18,000 pigs showed that the incidence of a number of forms of chronic inflammation (pericarditis, pleurisy, pneumonia, inflammation of the tails and inflammation of the feet) was significantly higher in castrated boars than it was in gilts. These differences between castrated boars and gilts is mainly attributable to the changes in hormonal pattern, which result from castration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of hormone deprivation on the karyometric development of the medial and lateral preoptic area of the male mouse. I. Neonatal castration.

We have analysed the karyometric development of the nuclear neuronal sizes in the medial and lateral preoptic area of male albino mice castrated within 24 hours of birth. We have analysed six different age groups of animals: 10th, 20th, 35th, 45th, 55th and 85th postnatal day, and we have compared our results to those of a control group of male mice. Both hypothalamic areas respond to neonatal castration showing lower values of the nuclear sizes than those of the control group. The reaction of these areas to gonadal hormone deprivation at birth is more striking than that obtained after prepuberal castration of the animals, studied in a previous report. Neonatal gonadal hormone deprivation also produces changes of the nuclear shape of the nuclei towards sphericity.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Effect of castration and 17 beta-estradiol pulse on cell proliferation in the uterus and the MXT mouse mammary tumor.

The effects of a single 17 beta-estradiol (E2) injection on cell proliferation were studied in 3 groups of 30 mice transplanted with the MXT ovary-dependent mammary tumor. In group A, all animals were castrated prior to tumor implantation; groups B and C had intact ovaries at the time of transplantation, but group B was left intact throughout the experiment, while group C underwent castration 4 weeks later. On day 40 in groups B and C and on day 80 in group A, in which tumor development was significantly delayed, the same procedure for testing the effects of E2 was applied: Ten controls received 0.1 ml saline ip and were killed on the next day; 4 lots of 5 mice received 0.25 micrograms E2 ip and were killed one by one at 12-hour intervals. Exactly 1 hour prior to sacrifice, each animal received 25 microCi [methyl-3H]thymidine ip. Histologic sections of tumors and uteri were processed for autoradiography, and nuclear thymidine (dThd) labeling indices (LI) were determined. All tumors of group A grafted under unfavorable hormonal conditions were poorly differentiated, and E2 injection induced no appreciable changes in their dThd LI. Tumors B and C were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, in which E2 induced significant modifications of cell proliferation. In group B, complex changes in dThd LI occurred in tumors as well as in uteri, probably due to interferences with the ovarian hormonal production. In group C, E2 produced a marked rise in dThd LI in tumors, lasting from the 12th to the 36th hour after its injection. Stimulation was maximum at the 24th hour, representing a 2.8-fold increase over mean basal dThd LI. It is concluded that the presence of an intact ovarian function at the time of transplantation is critical for maintaining the properties of hormone dependence in MXT tumors. In mice castrated after tumor implantation, a single E2 injection induces a marked and partially synchronous proliferation of neoplastic cells. The hypothesis that such hormonal manipulation might amplify the killing effect of cell cycle- or phase-specific cytotoxic drugs could be adequately tested with this model.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of castration on the development of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the albino rat during growth].

With the purpose to show a possible sexual difference in the evolution of the juxtaglomerular granular cells during the albino rat post-natal development, the authors have compared groups of male and female animals of crescent ages from 2 to 90 days old. During the first 30 days, the granulation indexes, which express the secretory activity of the Ruyter cells, are regularly increasing as the body and renal weights. On and after the 30th day, the growth becomes more important for males than for females but, in spite of these weight differences, the granulation indexes are not significantly different in terms of sex, at the same age. In order to control these results, castrations have been performed during the period of granular cells increase, on the 17th day of life. The comparison of castrated and uncastrated animals on the 35th day shows that castration causes repercussions on the body and renal growth. On the other hand, no significant modification of the granulation indexes occurs, which brings the demonstration that the Ruyter cells development is independent of the animal sex.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[Operative castration in sexual delinquency--a survey of topical literature and an attempt at forming an opinion].

An attempt is made to form an opinion regarding the indication of operative castration for sexual delinquents, from a survey of recent literature dealing with methods of treatment for cases of sexual deviation/sexual delinquency (operative/medicinal castration, combined psychotherapy and medicinal castration, stereotactic operation on the hypothalamus).

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

[Modifications of the accessory glands of male genital tract of intact and castrated rats after sulpiride treatment (author's transl)].

Sulpiride or Dogmatil (Delagrange, Paris) was injected to male rats at the rate of 40 mg/day for either 10 or 20 days. Ponderal fluctuations of the accessory organs followed by a quantitative analysis of fructose and of serum acid phosphatases issued from testis epididymis and prostates (PAP) were studied. The coagulating glands alone reacted strongly and their initial weight doubled in 20 days. On the contrary, the fructose decreased sharply in all accessory glands especially in the coagulating glands. The PAP decreased slightly. The fact the concentration of serum PAP remained relatively high even in the castrated males, can be explained by the increase in the lysosomial activity due to retention and diminution of secretion granules. Fructose and PAP are conditioned by androgens and their quantitative decrease suggests that the testosterone level decreased. Hyperprolactinemia induced by Sulpiride is concomittent to testosterone diminution and the effect of each hormone cannot easily be separated. In the castrated animals the effects of Sulpiride were minimized due to the difficulty in observing significant variations between treated and untreated castrates.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructural surface alterations of guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium during postnatal development and after castration.

We have designed a topographic anatomic study using scanning electron microscopy to define surface changes in seminal vesicle epithelium during normal development and after bilateral orchiectomy. Scanning electron microscopy of seminal vesicles from 1-day, 4-week, and 3-month-old intact animals revealed a microvilli-studded luminal epithelial surface with high polyhedral cell profiles extending into the luminal area. Deep furrows outlined all intercellular junctions. Microvilli profiles ranged from short knob-like projections located preferentially along cell margins in 1-day-old animals to 1 mu-long microvilli wih random distribution in mature animals. The most striking finding was that the seminal vesicle epithelium in castrated animals did not revert to the prepubertal state. Rather, cell apices receded from the luminal surface to a level below that of the cell borders and microvilli generally remained somewhat longer in the castrate than in the prepubertal animal. These morphologic findings suggest that the seminal vesicle epithelium in the prepubertal animal and the long-term castrate are quite different.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructural and enzyme-histochemical alterations of the dog prostate following castration (author's transl)].

Orchiectomy leads to morphologic and functional alterations of the prostate in dogs within 120 days. The glandular epithelium of the acini under the light microscope shows an advanced atrophy with some remaining slit-like lumina. Ultrastructurally, castration results in loss of cell polarity with preserved epithelial compounds. The columnar epithelium is transformed into small polygonal cells with regressive alterations of nucleus, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. These cells show depositions of lipoids and glycogen. Functionally, gonadectomy results in a loss of secretory activity correspondingly secretory granules that are normally present in large numbers are conspicuously absent, the reduction of rough endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi apparatus too are expressions of the cessation of synthesis of secretion. This is also indicated by the activity of acid phosphatase that is barely demonstrable in the apical portion of the cytoplasm of atrophic glandular epithelium following castration. Only insignificant changes on the other hand are found in the activity of alkaline phosphatase following withdrawal of androgens, this enzyme does not mirror the atrophy due to castration.

Acid Phosphatase↗