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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Studies on the sacculant portion of the kidney of Biomphalaria glabrata Say (1818) as a haemopoietic organ.

The term immunity signifies all those properties of the host which confer resistance to a specific infectious agent. This resistance may be of all degrees ranging from complete to incomplete susceptibility. The defensive functions is performed by various cellular and humoral components which interact with each other producing a co-ordinated immune response directed towards eliminating the pathogen or minimizing its danger. Snails as other members of the Animal Kingdom have their own immune system. The present study concentrated on the sacculant portion of the kidney of B. glabrata as a haemopoietic stem cell. The histological picture of this portion in the kidney as well as in-vitro culture was studied. (I) The histological studies showed that (a) the sacculant portion constituted the last fifth of the kidney highly folded with primitive epithelial tissue, (b) amoebocytes (10.7 +/- 0.98m) rounded, oval or amoeboid, showing flattening and spreading when encapsulated around foreign particles, when doing so, both the cytoplasm and nucleus were more basophilic, (c) the haemocytes in the sacculant portion were distributed either as clustering forming amoebocytic plugs or dense aggregation or being normal in distribution (d) there was a significant correlation between haemocytic diameter and shell weight and between shell weight and shell diameter but no significant correlation between haemocytic diameter and shell diameter. (II) The in-vitro studies showed that (a) The medium 199 and fetal calf serum (3:1) produced higher number of granulocytes, (b) the cells differed in shape and size from those shown in histological studies of the kidney itself (c) the majority of the cells were large sized granulocytes and very few small sized hyalinocytes, (d) granulation of cytoplasm took place in the culture medium used more than in the sacculant portion, (e) only the smaller granulocytes showed greater ability for mitotic division. The results were photographed and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of UV-irradiation, gamma irradiation and praziquantel on infected Biomphalaria alexandrina snails.

Schistosomiasis control represent the main target of many research programme allover the world. Effect of physical (UV- and gamma-irradiation) treatment as well as chemical (PZQ) treatment on infected laboratory bred Biomphalria alexandrina snails have been studied. Gamma irradiation and PZQ-treatment induced high rate of mortality than UV-irradiated and non-treated control snails. The cercarial production was severely reduced as a result of UV-, gamma-irradiation and PZQ-treatment. Pre-patent period was significantly increased in gamma-irradiated and PZQ-treated groups than UV-irradiated and control groups. Gamma irradiation and PZQ-treatment showed severe effects on hermaphrodite gland and cercariae. Trials of experimental infection in swiss albino mice revealed that low rate of infection (9.7% and 1.3%) was induced by cercarial shedding from UV-irradiated and PZQ-treated snails respectively. Whereas, cercarial production of gamma-irradiated snails failed to induce infection in swiss mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Susceptibility of Biomphalaria alexandrina to the plant Azolla pinnata and some herbicides in relation to infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.

Molluscicidal activity of the herebicides 2,4-D and Graminol, as well as both extracts and dry powder of the plant Azolla pinnata were evaluated against B. alexandrina snails. It was observed that 2,4-D proved to be the most toxic compound among he tested ones, showing LC90 of 52 ppm after 24 h of exposure. Ethanol extract of Azolla showed the highest molluscicidal activity against the tested snails compared with the other extracts and dry powder (LC90 = 3300 ppm). Ethanol extract at 6600 ppm after 3 h of exposure killed 100% and 19.4% of S. mansoni miracidia and cercariae, respectively. The molluscicidal activity of 2,4-D was not influenced by the presence of Azolla (900 plants/liter) for 7 days, while Graminol effect was significantly reduced. However, the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to B. alexandrina snails was not affected by Azolla existence.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Control of Biomphalaria pfeifferi population and schistosomiasis transmission in Ethiopia using the soap berry endod (Phytolacca dodecandra), with special emphasis on application methods.

The endod (Phytolacca dodecandra)-based schistosomiasis mansoni control project was implemented in Ethiopia between 1994 and 1999. The aim was to develop an effective, cheap and sustainable method of controlling schistosomiasis. First, different formulations of the Ethiopian endod strain 44 (E-44) were compared for potency in the laboratory. Secondly, spray and drip-feeding methods were compared for simplicity and effectiveness in the field. Lastly, the efficacy of endod powder soap was compared with the endod spray method. In Bati stream, endod powder soap was distributed to the residents every weekend at laundry sites. In Worke stream, endod was sprayed along a 1-km stretch of the stream at 3-month intervals. No endod was applied in Harbu stream. The immediate and long-term effects of endod application on the snail population and schistosomal infection were determined. Using the spray method, 100% snail mortality could be obtained, and it was simpler and more effective than the drip-feeding method. Snail mortality ranged from 20 to 100% using endod soap. There was a progressive decline in the snail population and infection in Bati stream compared with Worke stream, mainly due to sustained use of endod soap. The advantages and disadvantages of the different endod delivery systems are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Laboratory evaluation of the molluscicidal properties of some Saudi Arabian euphorbiales against Biomphalaria pfeifferi.

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the molluscicidal properties of three Saudi Arabian Euphorbiales. The results showed that the methanol extract of Euphorbia schimperiana has a high molluscicidal potency. The activity remains stable over a wide range of temperature and pH values, in the presence of organic and inorganic substrates and after exposure of the solutions to ultraviolet radiation.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2003

The FREP gene family in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata: additional members, and evidence consistent with alternative splicing and FREP retrosequences. Fibrinogen-related proteins.

Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) found in hemolymph of the snail Biomphalara glabrata are hypothesized to be involved in non-self recognition. Among 150 cloned FREP cDNAs examined, we have identified three additional FREP members, FREPs 3.3, 12.1 and 13.1, bringing the total of FREP subfamilies to 13. The new FREPs each encode two immunoglobulin superfamily domains and a fibrinogen domain. Additionally, five truncated cDNAs with >99% nucleotide identity in coding regions to FREPs 3.2, 12.1 or 13.1 were identified. The truncated forms, the first reported for FREPs, lack a partial exon, one complete exon, or two complete exons plus the 3'UTR. Our preferred hypothesis is that all five truncated cDNAs observed arise from alternative splicing of full-length FREP genes. Genomic sequences lacking at least two introns and corresponding to the 3' ends of the cDNAs of FREP12.1 and its two truncated forms were also recovered. Although these could be the source of the truncated cDNAs, they are believed to be retrosequences.

Alternative Splicing↗