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Results for “Adjustment Disorders”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The relationship between agoraphobia and primary affective disorders.

Detailed clinical records were kept on a series of 55 agoraphobic patients who presented to a general hospital psychiatric practice over a 3 year period. A review of the records revealed that 91% of these patients were diagnosed as suffering from a unipolar or bipolar primary affective disorder. The anxiety and phobic symptoms tended to mask the presence of the affective disorder. This observation is consistent with most of the published data on the agoraphobic syndrome. It could also explain the inconsistent effects of treatment of agoraphobia compared with simple phobias. The possible biological and psychological connections between primary affective disorders and the agoraphobic syndrome are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1994

Do therapist experience, diagnosis and functional level predict outcome in short term psychotherapy?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical diagnosis, functional level and therapist experience on the outcome of brief psychotherapy. Patients (N = 123) were clinically diagnosed and assigned to either a psychiatrist, psychiatry resident, family practice resident or medical student. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores and the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90 were rated at baseline, at the end of therapy and at six month follow-up. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire was also scored after therapy. All groups of patients improved significantly. Neither therapist type and diagnostic category nor their interaction were related to outcome GAF or to GSI. Patients improved irrespective of their baseline symptom severity. Satisfaction with therapy was highly related ot increased functioning and decreased symptom severity. The number of therapy sessions attended by patients was modestly related to outcome and patient satisfaction. The results suggest that many diagnostic groups benefit from brief psychotherapy administered by therapists of varying experience. Furthermore, the results support the practice of having medical students conduct psychotherapy under supervision during their training.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1975

[The psychogenic factor in the clinical picture of epilepsy].

A study of 300 epileptic patients depicted that the first seizures in 8% of all cases appear following psychic shock traumas. Epileptic fits, unlike hysterical, appear more frequently not during the crucial phase of emotions, but after several hours or days of a psychic traumatization. The psychogenic factor as a rule is not reflected in the psychopathological structure of the disease. In the process of the disease the psychogenic influence leads to different neurotic conditions (depressive, asthenical, hysterical, phobic) which complicate the psychopathological picture of epilepsy. The epileptic fits as well as other expressions of the disorder also exert certain psychogenic influences.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1992

[Protracted reactive states in the general hospital: the clinico-psychopathological aspects].

A study was made of earthquake-induced mental disorders which did not lead to the patients' admission to psychiatric hospitals. 40 patients were examined at the general somatic hospital 6-7 months after the earthquake. The signs of mental disorders of the neurotic and affective level were revealed in 70% of the patients with lingering reactive conditions. They manifested in asthenic, depressive hypochondriac and conversion syndromes. All the cases were characterized by asthenic disorders and somatized nature of the disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

[Mental disorders during and after natural disasters and catastrophies].

Analysis is made of mental disorders seen in 3431 victims followed up by psychiatrists in 11 large-scale catastrophies and natural disasters. Three periods of the development of the life-threatening situation were distinguished, during which one can see different states of mental disadaptation and morbid disorders. The clinical picture of such disorders is provided.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

The waking nightmare: an overview of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have been recognized for centuries. Only recently, however, has this disorder been the focus of significant research. OCD remains one of the least understood, least diagnosed, and most disabling of the anxiety disorders. Patients are imprisoned in senseless rituals that siphon off energy that could otherwise contribute to their socioeconomic functioning or personal development. OCD often begins in adolescence and persists in some form throughout adulthood. Recent findings shed light on the epidemiology of OCD and its association with other disorders, and point to a neurophysiologic model involving serotonin.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Anxiety and cancer: the patient and the family.

The normal fears and uncertainties associated with the diagnosis of cancer are often quite severe and include fear of death, pain, disfigurement, disability, and disruption of relationships. Although these fears are common to most cancer patients and their families, the level of psychologic distress experienced varies among patients, families, and close family members. It is important to distinguish between "reasonable fears" and more severe fears that may indicate the presence of an anxiety disorder and to recommend appropriate interventions to relieve distress.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1988

[Neurotic and neurosis-like disorders in the school maladaptation of children with retardation of mental development].

Sixty-six schoolchildren aged 6 to 11 attending community schools suffered from various types of psychophysical infantilism and encephalopathic forms (in the cerebrasthenia and psycho-organic syndrome background) of mental retardation. The decompensation of the residual organic cerebral insufficiency with enhancement of neurosis-like and cerebrasthenic disorders resulting from increased mental load was the first stage of these children disadaptation to the school demands. At the 2nd stage, as the self-esteem lowered and negative attitude of other schoolchildren arose, the neurotic disorders emerged alongside with prevalent depressive reactions and fear of getting bad marks and being an object of ridicule at school. Children with lesser degrees of intellectual and encephalopathic disorders were better adapted to school environment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Postpartum psychiatric disorders: their relationship to psychological adjustment and marital satisfaction in the spouses.

The authors examined mental health and marital quality in an index group of spouses of women with postpartum psychiatric disorders and a control group of men whose wives had recently given birth but had no such disorders. At 6 to 9 weeks postpartum, couples underwent a psychiatric interview and completed self-report measures of psychological symptoms, marital satisfaction, and changes in couple and family functioning since the birth. Index spouses reported more symptoms and had lower Global Assessment of Functioning (R. L. Spitzer, J. B. W. Williams, M. Gibbon, & M. B. First, 1990) scores than controls. Index men reported greater marital dissatisfaction and more change in household routines, recreation, and intimacy with their partners than controls.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Income inequality and the prevalence of common mental disorders in Britain.

BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesised that the association between greater income inequality and increased mortality is mediated by poor psychosocial health. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that individuals in regions of Britain with the highest income inequality have a higher prevalence of the common mental disorders, after adjusting for individual income. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of 8191 adults aged 16-75 in private households in England, Wales and Scotland. The prevalence of common mental disorders was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: The association between income inequality and prevalence of the common mental disorders varied with individual income level. Among persons with the highest incomes, common mental disorders were more frequent in regions with greater income inequality (as indicated by high Gini coefficient) (adjusted OR 1.31,95% C1 1.05-1.65; P: = 0.02). The opposite was true for those with the lowest incomes. CONCLUSIONS: Income inequality was associated with worse mental health among the most affluent individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Clinic comparisons as an instrument for quality assurance in the treatment of patients with mental disorders: the significance of risk adjustment].

It is becoming increasingly more relevant for health care providers to also participate in external quality assurance measures. A few systematic approaches that also integrate outcome quality and include a comparison of different clinics have only recently been developed for the area of the treatment of patients with mental disorders. In this context, a key issue is the appropriate consideration of confounders, i.e., of unevenly distributed patient characteristics that are causally related to the treatment results. Using a sample of consecutive patients from four psychotherapeutic clinics, we exemplarily examined the significance of the confounders for the comparison of the clinics with regard to short-term outcome. The results show that an adjustment is principally advisable and is generally associated with a reduction of the differences in treatment results. The discussion asserts that the use of regression weights, which were ascertained using an independent, representative sample, allows for a more valid risk adjustment. Finally, reference will be made to the relevance of giving consideration to varying resource usage in the assessment of the risk-adjusted clinic comparisons.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Health attitudes of psychiatric inpatients.

Despite the high prevalence of medical illness in the mentally ill population, little is known about the health attitudes of patients with combined medical and psychiatric disorders. We compared the health attitudes of a group of inpatients with concomitant medical and psychiatric illness, a group of physically healthy psychiatric inpatients, and a group of normals. The instrument used was the Illness Attitude Scales, a self-rating scale designed to explore beliefs which can be responsible for hypochondriacal attitudes. A self-rating scale of psychological distress, the Symptom Questionnaire, was administered as well. Compared to normals, psychiatric patients displayed more hypochondriasis. There were no significant differences in psychological distress or health attitudes between patients with concomitant physical and psychiatric disorder and physically healthy psychiatric patients.

Adjustment Disorders↗