Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ACROMEGALY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Insulin content in the erythrocytes and blood serum of patients with acromegaly and Sheehan's syndrome].

Insulin content was studied by radioimmunological and histochemical methods in the erythrocytes and the blood serum of patients with acromegaly and the postpartum panhypopituitrism (Sheehan's syndrome) in comparison with that in healthy persons on fasting stomach and after glucose-tolerance test (GTT). It appeared that the erythrocytes of healthy persons contained 50 times more insulin on fasting stomach than the blood serum. In persons with acromegaly complicated by diabetes mellitus insulin content in the blood serum was almost double that in healthy individuals. But this "hyperinsulinism" was only seeming, since the hormone reserves in the organism (erythrocyte insulin content) were sharply diminished. Sheehan's syndrome was characterized by hypoinsulinemia (both in the serum and in the erythrocytes). After the GTT the insulin content rose in the serum, and decreased in the erythrocytes. This indicated that erythrocytes participated in the homeostasis regulation of glycemia.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1988

[Endogenous digoxin-like substance level in essential arterial hypertension, renal failure and acromegaly].

The endogenous digoxin-like substance seems to play an important role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of essential and secondary hypertension. Immunoreactive digoxin-like substance was determined in 52 subjects: 17 healthy ones, 15 patients with essential hypertension, 10 cases of chronic renal failure and 10 patients with acromegaly. The substance was not found in healthy subjects, in acromegaly and essential hypertension. In chronic renal failure detectable concentrations of the substance were observed but they showed no correlation with the creatinine level and other clinical data.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1987

[Insulin secretion and action in acromegaly].

17 patients with active acromegaly (7 of them had diabetes mellitus, too), 13 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy controls were examined. The residual beta-cell secretion was determined by venous Tolbutamide test and the insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic clamp-technique. A positive correlation was found between the growth hormone level and prolactin and the size of the basic insulin secretion. In acromegaly (with or without diabetes) the sensitivity of beta-cell apparatus towards the stimulant Tolbutamide is preserved but the insulin reserves are diminished. There exists a positive correlation between the growth hormone level and the degree of insulin resistance and between the increased prolactin level and the degree of insulin resistance in acromegalic patients.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1988

Somatomedin-C in active and successfully treated acromegaly.

Sm-C concentrations in serum were found significantly different in either active acromegaly or following successful treatment with pituitary adenomectomy. Although after normalization of serum GH the Sm-C levels sometimes exceeded the normal range no overlap was found between both groups. Exceptionally two acromegalic patients showed elevated Sm-C levels in spite of normal GH values. Likewise, a high Sm-C concentration was found in one patient suspective of ectopic GH secretion with only moderately elevated serum GH. Sm-C determinations are judged as a good adjunct to usual diagnostic methods which in special cases of acromegaly can be even superior to measurements of serum GH.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1988

Radiological features and diagnosis of acromegaly.

The most constant radiological features of acromegaly include soft tissue hyperplasia, and increased joint spacing, especially in the limbs by articular cartilage overgrowth. Overgrowth is variable in bone. Despite the closure of the epiphysis, articular endochondral overgrowth and subsequent ossification does occur at specific sites as pseudoepiphyseal linear growth. The combined bony apposition-remodeling resorption mechanism, rather than a true osteoporosis, may involve the skull, extremities and spine. Radiological features of the spine have scarcely been reported. The clinical significance of hyperostosis of the spinous process for chronic backache, and vertebral scalloping to compensate for entrapment myelopathy and/or cauda equina syndrome or radiculopathy are overlooked. Further series of radiological assessment of the spine by noninvasive CT scans and plain radiography are recommended. The diagnosis of acromegaly is discussed from a literature review. Deep facial skin-crease testing and dorsal skin-fold assessment of the extremities are recommended as initial screens for evidence of soft tissue hyperplasia.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1987

[Acromegaly and colorectal proliferations].

Hypersomatotropism causes not only the typical acromegalic symptoms but also very often a splanchnomegaly with participation of the enteron. We performed a colonoscopy in 16 patients with a persistent active acromegaly in spite of full used therapy possibilities. Only in four cases (25%) we could find a polyp. They were distributed on the colon transversum (one), descendens (one) and sigmoideum (two). Three of them (histology: tubular adenoma) had a diameter of less than 5 mm. Only one adenoma had an extent of 3.5 x 3 x 2.5 cm (histology: tubular-villous adenoma). Not any polyp showed signs of malignity. There existed no relations between the coloscopic findings, the degree of activity and the duration of illness. Localisation, histology, frequency and age distribution of the found out polyps of our patients were in the range of real frequency of the occurrence of colorectalic neoplasms. We conclude: Acromegaly is correlated not more than accidentally with colorectalic neoplasms (benign, malignant). Therefore preventive medical examinations of acromegalic patients are not rich in meaning.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1978

Acromegaly--results of long term treatment with bromocriptine.

Bromocriptine, a long acting dopamine agonist, has been used to treat 73 patients with active acromegaly for between 3 and 25 months. Clear clinical improvement occurred in 71 patients (97%). This included improvement in facial appearance, reduction in hand and foot size and sweating, relief of headaches and increased energy and libido. Abnormal visual fields became normal in two patients, but one of these was given concomitant radiotherapy. A significant reduction in growth hormone occurred in 58 patients (79%), but only 15 patients had levels persistently below 5microgram/l. Carbohydrate tolerance improved with the reduction in growth hormone and of 23 patients with diabetes mellitus before treatment, glucose tolerance became normal in 15 and improved in a further 5. Administration of bromocriptine should begin slowly in order to minimise early side effects. Long term side effects have been minor to date and the deaths of two patients whilst taking the drug were not considered to have been caused by it. Bromocriptine offers a major advance in the management of acromegaly, but further careful follow-up is required to determine whether serious side effects will be a problem with the long term use of high doses.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1978

[Study of hemodynamics in patients with acromegaly by means of radiocardiography].

Determination of the indices of central hemodynamics by means of radiocardiography shows them to be essentially changed in patients with acromegaly in the active stage. A clear correlative relationship has been established between the shifts in hemodynamics and the heart volume determined by X-ray. The diagnosis of preclinical stage of circulatory insufficiency is based on revealing a statistically significant increase in the stroke index and a decrease in the circulation volume and total peripheral resistance. In the early stage of acromegaly there is a statistically significant increase in the minute and stroke indices, in the index of minute work, and in the coefficient of circulation effectiveness. With an increase in the duration of the disease, these indices decrease considerably, which denotes hemodynamics deterioration.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New bone formation in acromegaly: pathogenetic implications for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

Radiographs of spinal and heel entheseal areas and the skull were examined for new bone formation in 30 acromegalic patients. Forty-seven percent satisfied accepted criteria for Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), 67% had marked heel enthesopathic change and 87% had Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI). Such hyperostotic changes were indistinguishable from those seen in DISH and the extent and degree of such changes increased with duration of acromegaly. It is proposed that a common metabolic factor, e.g., hyperinsulinaemia, may be responsible for the hyperostotic changes seen in both DISH and acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1978

[Drug therapy of hyperprolactinemia and acromegaly].

Hyperprolactinemia can be treated medically. Thus all patients with a normal sella turcica and those patients with only slight enlargement of the sella turcica can be treated medically with the dopaminagonist bromocriptine. This treatment is also indicated in paitents with postoperative persisting hyperprolactinemia. In contrast to hyperprolactinemia medical therapy of acromegaly is still in the experimental stage, through the dopaminagonist bromocriptine induces a decrease of growth hormone levels and improvement of the disease in many patients with acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant osteoma of the cranial vault with acromegaly and hydrocephalus. A case report.

A case of acromegaly associated to a giant osteoma of the cranial vault and hydrocephalus in a young woman is reported. It can be suggested that acromegaly favoured the marked growth of the osteoma. Hydrocephalus resulted consequent to both the compression of the superior longitudinal sinus by the tumor and alteration of the CSF resorption. The rarity of giant osteomas of the cranial vault associated with intracranial hypertension is pointed out.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1985

Multidisciplinary management of acromegaly and its deformities.

The skeletal deformities associated with acromegaly are not reversed by correction of abnormal growth hormone dynamic. We describe a patient with acromegaly in whom facial reconstruction was undertaken after successful removal of a pituitary adenoma.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1986

[Acromegaly and insulin-like growth factors].

The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II are structural homologues of insulin with a molecular weight of 7500. In contrast to insulin, their insulin-like effects are not suppressible by insulin antibodies. They are mainly produced by the liver under the influence of growth hormone and are bound to specific carrier proteins in the circulation. According to the somatomedin concept, they mediate the effects of growth hormone on growth. IGF I is identical to somatomedin A and somatomedin C. In acromegalic patients oversecretion of growth hormone is accompanied by a significant increase in the serum IGF I level, whereas IGF II levels are normal. IGF I can, therefore, serve as a useful additional laboratory index in the diagnosis of acromegaly and in evaluating successful surgery and/or radiotherapy of this disease. Bromocriptine therapy often improves the clinical symptoms of acromegaly and lowers growth hormone levels without normalizing IGF I. In most of these patients, however, suppression of growth hormone under oral glucose load is not normal. In our opinion the determination of IGF I should not replace growth hormone determinations during an oral glucose tolerance test; rather, it should be performed to complement this test, above all when its results cannot be unambiguously interpreted.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1986

Current concepts in acromegaly: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Acromegaly is an insidious disorder of somatic growth and metabolic derangements that results from the chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) in the adult. While its precise incidence in this country remains undocumented, a recent epidemiologic study of a stable population of 3.1 million in England suggested an annual incidence of approximately 0.3 cases per 100,000, with a prevalence of diagnosed cases approaching 4 per 100,000. In the majority of cases the diagnosis, once considered, is not difficult, although in recent years the spectrum of possible etiologies has been considerably broadened. As with most diseases, the problems of diagnosis arise with the more subtle or less classical examples of the syndrome. This review will briefly discuss the possible etiologies and clinical presentation of acromegaly, and then focus on the diagnosis and management of this potentially devastating disease.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1982

Histochemical characterization of the cutaneous involvement of acromegaly.

We evaluated the pathogenesis of skin thickening in three patients with acromegaly. Growth hormone levels were normal in one patient and were elevated in two patients. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from the forearm. Hematoxylineosin staining showed slight epidermal thinning and, in two of the patients, a small increase in the number of fibroblasts. Selective stains for collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers disclosed normal connective tissue. The most striking abnormality was increased glycosaminoglycan deposition on the slides stained with colloidal iron. Glycosaminoglycan infiltration occurred mostly in the papillary and upper reticular dermis and was not directly related to the simultaneous growth hormone levels. Tissue digestion with specific enzymes identified hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4- and 6-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate as the most prominent glycosaminoglycans in the dermis. The skin ultrastructure appeared to be preserved on electron microscopy. We conclude that cutaneous mucinoses is the main cause for the thickening of the skin in acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of acromegaly by transethmoidal hypophysectomy.

The results of transethmoidal hypophysectomy are recorded in 34 patients with acromegaly. The post-operative growth hormone (GH) level was reduced to normal in 27 (80 per cent) and to less than 18 mu/l in 33 of the 34 cases. Two patients failed to respond clinically though in one of these the serum GH fell from 100 to 14 mu/l. Both the failures had had previous surgical interference. Amongst the responders there have been no recurrences. In view of these results we are of the opinion that transethmoidal hypophysectomy is at present the treatment of choice for acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1982

[Functional morphology of pituitary adenoma in acromegaly].

Twenty-one pituitary adenomas removed from patients with acromegaly were studied electron microscopically. In 9 cases the tumors underwent immunohistochemical analysis by Coons' indirect immunofluorescent technique. Before the operation, all the patients were found by radioimmunoassay to have concentrations of pituitary hormones in the blood serum. A clinico-morphological analysis performed showed that in all cases of acromegaly pituitary adenoma consisted of somatotropocytes differing by the degree of cell granulation. The concentration of the somatotropic hormone (STH) in the blood serum of the patients did not depend on the intensity of the ultrastructural signs of the secretory activity of the cells. In 4 adenomas, a positive immunohistochemical reaction to two hormones, STH and prolactine, was demonstrated.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of acromegaly by the surgical approach through the sphenoid bone. I. Clinical results].

Forty-five cases of pituitary adenomas with clinical characteristics of acromegaly treated surgically from an approach through the nose and sphenoid sinus are presented. After the operation the somatic features of acromegaly decreased in 66% of cases, headaches regressed in 88%, visual field defects disappeared in 20% of cases. Selective removal of pituitary microadenoma caused return of regular menstrual cycles in 12 women and in 3 of them successful pregnancy and labour resulted. In cases of extrasellar growth of the tumour no satisfactory clinical remission was obtained.

Acromegaly↗