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PubMedDate not supplied

Mapping Australia's basic research in the medical and health sciences.

The Institute for Scientific Information indexes most of the major international basic research journals in science in the Science Citation Index (SCI). Australia's presence in the medical and health sciences journals in the SCI and the citations its published research receives in these journals show that Australia's basic medical research has high international "visibility". Mapping the source of the most highly "visible" Australian medical research articles shows high impact research coming from several different sectors (research institutes, universities, hospitals, etc.), but with a concentration in the member institutions of the Australian Association of Medical Research Institutes (AAMRI). Published research from the AAMRI is cited at a rate two-thirds higher than the Australian average for medical and health sciences.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

Medical textbook summarization and guided navigation using statistical sentence extraction.

We present a method for automated medical textbook and encyclopedia summarization. Using statistical sentence extraction and semantic relationships, we extract sentences from text returned as part of an existing textbook search (similar to a book index). Our system guides users to the information they desire by summarizing the content of each relevant chapter or section returned in the search. The summary is tailored to contain sentences that specifically address the user's search terms. Our clustering method selects sentences that contain concepts specifically addressing the context of the query term in each of the returned sections. Our method examines conceptual relationships from the UMLS and selects clusters of concepts using Expectation Maximization (EM). Sentences associated with the concept clusters are shown to the user. We evaluated whether our extracted summary provides a suitable answer to the user's question.

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PubMed2006

Development of WAIS-III General Ability Index Minus WMS-III memory discrepancy scores.

Analysis of the discrepancy between intellectual functioning and memory ability has received some support as a useful means for evaluating memory impairment. In recent additions to Wechlser scale interpretation, the WAIS-III General Ability Index (GAI) and the WMS-III Delayed Memory Index (DMI) were developed. The purpose of this investigation is to develop base rate data for GAI-IMI, GAI-GMI, and GAI-DMI discrepancy scores using data from the WAIS-III/WMS-III standardization sample (weighted N = 1250). Base rate tables were developed using the predicted-difference method and two simple-difference methods (i.e., stratified and non-stratified). These tables provide valuable data for clinical reference purposes to determine the frequency of GAI-IMI, GAI-GMI, and GAI-DMI discrepancy scores in the WAIS-III/WMS-III standardization sample.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

An alternative to the hand searching gold standard: validating methodological search filters using relative recall.

BACKGROUND: Search filters or hedges play an important role in evidence-based medicine but their development depends on the availability of a "gold standard"--a reference standard against which to establish the performance of the filter. We demonstrate the feasibility of using relative recall of included studies from multiple systematic reviews to validate methodological search filters as an alternative to validation against a gold standard formed through hand searching. METHODS: We identified 105 Cochrane reviews that used the Highly Sensitive Search Strategy (HSSS), included randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials, and reported their included studies. We measured the ability of two published and one novel variant of the HSSS to retrieve the MEDLINE-index studies included in these reviews. RESULTS: The systematic reviews were comprehensive in their searches. 72% of included primary studies were indexed in MEDLINE. Relative recall of the three strategies ranged from .98 to .91 across all reviews and more comprehensive strategies showed higher recall. CONCLUSION: An approach using relative recall instead of a hand searching gold standard proved feasible and produced recall figures that were congruent with previously published figures for the HSSS. This technique would permit validation of a methodological filter using a collection of approximately 100 studies of the chosen design drawn from the included studies of multiple systematic reviews that used comprehensive search strategies.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1996

Creating a virtual materials and resources index for health education using the World Wide Web.

The Internet represents the principal system for distributing information worldwide, offering health educators a powerful communications medium. This article describes an assignment that teaches students how to use the World Wide Web (WWW). The first part provides an overview of the Internet, its principal services. browser software, and Netscape Navigator. The second part describes the assignment, complete with instructional objectives, computer facilities used to implement the strategy, and a summary of classroom and laboratory activities. The third part describes procedures for teaching students how to use the WWW. Students learn how to explore the WWW and to develop a customized virtual directory of health materials and resources using Netscape Navigator Bookmark tools. Recommendations on how the approach can be modified are offered.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1986

Measuring severity: how sick is sick? How well is well?

The need to measure severity of illness of hospitalized patients is becoming more and more apparent. Numerous studies have found that DRGs (and other case-mix systems based only on discharge abstract data) provide a poor explanation of variations in resource use. If inequitable prospective payment results, difficulties in hospital management may be dealt with by strategies based on socially undesirable patient selection. The manual Severity of Illness Index was designed to quantify severity of illness of hospital inpatients, but was subject to a number of criticisms. Therefore, a second-generation system, called the Computerized Severity Index, has been developed that incorporates many state-of-the-art features and meets criticisms of the manual Severity of Illness Index.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Progress: simultaneous searching of protein databases by sequence and structure.

We consider the problem of similarity searches on protein databases based on both sequence and structure information simultaneously. Our program extracts feature vectors from both the sequence and structure components of the proteins. These feature vectors are then combined and indexed using a novel multi-dimensional index structure. For a given query, we employ this index structure to find candidate matches from the database. We develop a new method for computing the statistical significance of these candidates. The candidates with high significance are then aligned to the query protein using the Smith-Waterman technique to find the optimal alignment. The experimental results show that our method can classify up to 97% of the superfamilies and up to 100% of the classes correctly according to the SCOP classification. Our method is up to 37 times faster than CTSS, a recent structure search technique, combined with Smith-Waterman technique for sequences.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cross-sectional analysis of family medicine publications in the indexed medical literature.

BACKGROUND: Publications are important to the academic development of the field of family medicine. Not all manuscripts written by family physicians or family medicine faculty are published in family medicine journals. The purpose of this study was to determine where manuscripts generated by US family medicine department faculty are being published. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was performed for all English language articles published in 1979 and 1989. The search technique involved identifying articles that included the words "family" and "medicine" or "family" and "practice" in the institution field of the MEDLINE index. All identified articles were then manually reviewed to confirm authorship by family medicine department faculty. Article types were classified according to previously published schemata. RESULTS: The research identified 178 articles from 1979 and 328 articles form 1989. In 1979, 52% of the articles had been published in family medicine journals. In 1989, the percentage was exactly 50%. Biomedical articles comprised the largest category (approximately half) of articles. Educational articles were the second most common type. CONCLUSIONS: The number of publications generated by family medicine faculty has grown, as has the number (but not the percentage) of articles published in non-family medicine journals.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CISMeF: catalog and index of French-speaking medical sites].

The Internet has now become a major source of health information. The aim of CISMeF is to catalogue and index the main French-speaking sites and documents concerning health. This project was initiated by Rouen University Hospital. Its URL is http://www.chu-rouen.fr/cismef. CISMeF covers all areas of health care and medical sciences, and is indexed both alphabetically and according to subject. It was set up on a Sun workstation under the Sun UNIX operating system and is entirely based on static HTML. By May 1999, the number of sites and documents indexed was already over 6,500, with a mean of 75 new sites added each week. CISMeF is updated via a five-step process: resource collection, filtering, description, classification, and indexing. The Net Scoring criteria are used to assess the quality of health information on the Internet. These criteria concern eight categories: credibility, content, links, design, interactivity, quantitative aspects, ethics and accessibility. CISMeF uses two standard tools to organize information: the MeSH (medical subject heading) thesaurus from the Medline reference database (National Library of Medicine, USA) and the Dublin core metadata format. The sites and documents included in CISMeF are described using the following elements from the Dublin core project: title, author or creator, subject and keywords, description, publisher, date, resource type, format, identifier, and language.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1994

Selecting CD-ROM databases for nursing students: a comparison of MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL).

With the introduction of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) on CD-ROM, research was initiated to compare coverage of nursing journals by CINAHL and MEDLINE in this format, expanding on previous comparison of these databases in print and online. The study assessed search results for eight topics in 1989 and 1990 citations in both databases, each produced by SilverPlatter. Results were tallied and analyzed for number of records retrieved, unique and overlapping records, relevance, and appropriateness. An overall precision score was developed. The goal of the research was to develop quantifiable tools to help determine which database to purchase for an academic library serving an undergraduate nursing program.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Development of an indexing search engine for the UMVF: proposal for an indexing method based on Dublin Core and XML.

The UMVF (French Virtual Medical University) has many heterogeneous resources hosted by the servers of university partners of the project. One of its objectives is to develop an efficient tool to perform a single search on these resources. We first defined a standardized and interoperable indexing method. For each document, an XML file containing information on the fifteen elements of Dublin Core was created. We checked its structure and content with a DTD. If the XML file was valid, its data were then integrated into a central database from which the engine carried out a search. We tested our tool successfully with the resources hosted by the Rennes Laboratory of Medical Informatics in cooperation with the Radiology Medical Campus [1]. Our method allows the standardization of the production of information by the various servers and it conforms to the constraints of the semantic Web owing to the technologies chosen.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Image acquisition context: procedure description attributes for clinically relevant indexing and selective retrieval of biomedical images.

OBJECTIVE: To support clinically relevant indexing of biomedical images and image-related information based on the attributes of image acquisition procedures and the judgments (observations) expressed by observers in the process of image interpretation. DESIGN: The authors introduce the notion of "image acquisition context," the set of attributes that describe image acquisition procedures, and present a standards-based strategy for utilizing the attributes of image acquisition context as indexing and retrieval keys for digital image libraries. METHODS: The authors' indexing strategy is based on an interdependent message/terminology architecture that combines the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard, the SNOMED (Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine) vocabulary, and the SNOMED DICOM microglossary. The SNOMED DICOM microglossary provides context-dependent mapping of terminology to DICOM data elements. RESULTS: The capability of embedding standard coded descriptors in DICOM image headers and image-interpretation reports improves the potential for selective retrieval of image-related information. This favorably affects information management in digital libraries.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

Automated semantic indexing of imaging reports to support retrieval of medical images in the multimedia electronic medical record.

This paper describes preliminary work evaluating automated semantic indexing of radiology imaging reports to represent images stored in the Image Engine multimedia medical record system at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The authors used the SAPHIRE indexing system to automatically identify important biomedical concepts within radiology reports and represent these concepts with terms from the 1998 edition of the U.S. National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus. This automated UMLS indexing was then compared with manual UMLS indexing of the same reports. Human indexing identified appropriate UMLS Metathesaurus descriptors for 81% of the important biomedical concepts contained in the report set. SAPHIRE automatically identified UMLS Metathesaurus descriptors for 64% of the important biomedical concepts contained in the report set. The overall conclusions of this pilot study were that the UMLS metathesaurus provided adequate coverage of the majority of the important concepts contained within the radiology report test set and that SAPHIRE could automatically identify and translate almost two thirds of these concepts into appropriate UMLS descriptors. Further work is required to improve both the recall and precision of this automated concept extraction process.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1987

Knowledge-based indexing of the medical literature: the Indexing Aid Project.

This article describes the Indexing Aid Project for conducting research in the areas of knowledge representation and indexing for information retrieval in order to develop interactive knowledge-based systems for computer-assisted indexing of the periodical medical literature. The system uses an experimental frame-based knowledge representation language, FrameKit, implemented in Franz Lisp. The initial prototype is designed to interact with trained MEDLINE indexers who will be prompted to enter subject terms as slot values in filling in document-specific frame data structures that are derived from the knowledge-base frames. In addition, the automatic application of rules associated with the knowledge-base frames produces a set of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keyword indices to the document. Important features of the system are representation of explicit relationships through slots which express the relations; slot values, restrictions, and rules made available by inheritance through "is-a" hierarchies; slot values denoted by functions that retrieve values from other slots; and restrictions on slot values displayable during data entry.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Design and implementation of a common drug information database for a university hospital.

BACKGROUND: Providing high quality problem-oriented drug information relies on the ability to easily collect appropriate background information on clinical cases, to access relevant information from published sources by defined search strategies and to store and retrieve previously answered questions. To do this efficiently, an easy-to-use, flexible and reliable drug information database is necessary. METHODS: We designed and implemented an Intranet-based drug information database for a major university hospital in Germany. The overall design and the technical details of its design are discussed. We developed a generic, XML-based data model for pharmaceutical inquiries including a MeSH-oriented system of 99 pharmaceutical qualifiers to enable efficient indexing of questions and the searching of indexed questions. RESULTS: The system provides query statistics and various search algorithms. The software implementation takes into account recent FDA recommendations for software used in clinical trials; internal review for quality control is supported. The database currently consists of 4224 records after 3.5 years of operation. Each inquiry consists of 50 items, 18 of 50 are categorized; 135 text elements support data entry. Our evaluation is focused on technical feasibility, user acceptance and query patterns. CONCLUSION: The intensive use and widespread acceptance of the database indicates a need for a computerized drug information system and suggests that Intranet technology can perform this task.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined age-, sex-, and race-specific gradients in US mortality by area deprivation between 1969 and 1998. METHODS: A census-based area deprivation index was linked to county mortality data. RESULTS: Area deprivation gradients in US mortality increased substantially during 1969 through 1998. The gradients were steepest for men and women aged 25 to 44 years and those younger than 25 years, with higher mortality rates observed in more deprived areas. Although area gradients were less pronounced for women in each age group, they rose sharply for women aged 25 to 44 and 45 to 64 years. CONCLUSIONS: Areal inequalities in mortality widened because of slower mortality declines in more deprived areas. Future research needs to examine population-level social, behavioral, and medical care factors that may account for the increasing gradient.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1983

Measuring severity of illness: comparisons across institutions.

Conventional methods for classifying patients with respect to utilization of health care resources are based almost exclusively on diagnostic criteria. We review a new severity of illness index which is generic to most medical and surgical conditions in a hospital, and which has been found to produce subgroups of patients more homogeneous with respect to hospital resource use (as assessed by total charges, length of stay, routine charges, and laboratory charges) than diagnostic-related groups, staging, and generalized patient management paths. We use the severity of illness groups to compare total charges and length of stay across hospitals. We find that charges and length of stay in an academic teaching hospital are similar to those in community hospitals with and without teaching programs when controlling for severity of illness. (Am J Public Health 1983; 73:25-31.)

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated diagnostic indexing by natural language processing.

Developing tools for natural language understanding by computers represents an important and intense field of research. This paper describes a system developed for interpreting medical natural language in the domain of symptoms and diagnoses from complete discharge summaries and locating the correspondent category into the International Classification of Diseases, through indexing by the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. The indexing program makes use of the MEID dictionary and some auxiliary semantic databases for identifying adjectival forms, synonyms, hypernyms and other semantic relations while searching for the longest consistent match into SNOMED. A further subdivision of the SNOMED structure was also proposed in order to find the hierarchically superior representative of a conceptual class when this association is not assigned by the related SNOMED code number. The system can be used by any language that possesses a translation of SNOMED and ICD. The knowledge base was built using a conversion file that maps the terms of the nomenclature into the classification, which can be improved by learning from users.

Abstracting and Indexing↗