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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Enhanced accuracy of the X-ray diagnosis of acute abdomen with patient in the supine (pregnancy standard) position].

The value of exposed to vertical central ray supine (dorsal decubitus or pregnancy standard) plain films was determined in this retrospective study in diagnosing pneumoperitoneum based on comparing of exposed to horizontal X-ray beam abdominal radiographs in 54 patients associated with perforation of hollow viscus (48 stomachs or duodenums of them). Until the anteroposterior erect or sitting and semi-recumbent positioning views moreover laterolateal supine and posteroanterior left lateral projections were negative in all cases, then in 24 of 54 subjects free intraperitoneal gas collections as spotted radiolucencies were detected inside the right upper quadrant of abdomen on pregnancy standard dorsal aspects. The orientation of gas to left upper abdominal quadrant was noted in additional 2 cases. The 18 of 26 perforations were not proceeded to free intraperitoneal space. The pregnancy standard plain film is a sensitive technique for visualisation of pneumoperitoneum after perforation of the hollow viscus between 3-6th penetration hours just as in unable to cooperation patients, particularly.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute solitary diverticulitis of the cecum, a rare cause of acute abdomen. Apropos of 9 cases and review of the literature].

The natural history of colonic diverticulitis rarely includes acute solitary localization in the cecum. Complications are even more rarely seen. We report retrospectively nine cases seen in our unit. There were 5 males and 4 females, mean age 54 years. The patients presented with a more or less painful abdomen with localization in the right iliac region and signs of peritoneal irritation. Physical examination revealed a painful mass in this zone. Fever and hyperleukocytosis were not found in all patients. Barium enema demonstrated signs of pseudocompression of the cecum in four cases suggesting a tumoral formation in two and diverticulitis in the two others. A right hemicolectomy was performed in five patients as peroperative pathological diagnosis could not be ascertained on the macroscopic specimen. Diverticulectomy in the four other patients was unsuccessful in direct relation with the disease course and late diagnosis.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

[Hypermedia software for teaching anatomy of the upper abdomen with computerized tomography and magnetic resonance].

The authors have developed a hypermedia program for creating a tutorial of CT and MR anatomy of the upper abdomen. The program was created on a Mcintosh computer, with the Supercard software: it is made up of a series of windows, each of them containing images, texts, schematic representations and sound. Moreover, each window contains buttons which are activated with the mouse and allow different kinds of function, all created by the authors to be displayed. In particular, navigation buttons allow the users to move in the program either sequentially or non-linearly, according to their needs. The possibility of obtaining information and schematic representations is given by specific buttons. There are also multiple buttons hidden in the images which, when activated, allow the name of the selected organ to be displayed. In conclusion, this program can be especially helpful since it allows different data sets to be integrated to provide the user with complete information. Moreover, the program allows learning to be controlled, that is the user to be informed on timing and methods for more effective studying.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

[Early reoperations in urgent surgery of the abdomen, after interventions on stomach and duodenum (author's transl)].

The problem of early re-operations in urgent surgery of the abdomen is taken into account in the light of a wide range of cases admitted into the urgent surgical ward of the Ospedale Maggiore "Cà Granda" in Milan. These cases refer to the 1950-1975 period necessitating repeated operations. The Author, after analysing the different and most important pathogenetic mechanisms, examines each case tabulating them. In the cases reported, the percentage of the re-operations is less than 20% with a total mortality rate of 33,3%, values which do coincide with the observations of other Authors.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Atypical presentation in the elderly--case report of an acute abdomen.

An elderly woman with an acute abdomen due to a perforated peptic ulcer is discussed to illustrate the problem of atypical presentation of illness in the elderly. The importance of not dismissing non-specific symptoms and signs such as confusion, restlessness, abdominal distention and non-localising abdominal tenderness in the elderly, is highlighted. In addition, the useful radiological features of pneumoperitoneum are described. The need for functional assessment and rehabilitation are emphasised as important components in the practice of geriatric medicine.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical significance of lymphadenopathy in the upper abdomen; ultrasound demonstration].

Little attention has been paid to the ultrasound differentiation of benign abdominal lymphadenopathy from the malignant type. We reviewed 133 ultrasound examinations of 116 patients with lymphadenopathy seen over the upper abdomen and high retroperitoneum to clarify the differences in ultrasound findings of enlarged lymph nodes caused by benign and malignant abdominal diseases. The location, number, internal texture, size, length/thickness ratio of the lymph nodes, and relation with hepatitis virus infection were evaluated. Among 75 patients with benign diseases, 63 patients showed liver dysfunction and 42/65 (65%) showed positive hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab). Enlarged lymph nodes were seen over the common hepatic artery or hepatoduodenal ligament in 84%. Most patients had fewer than 4 enlarged nodes, and 46 patients had a single enlarged node. The length/thickness ratio of nodules was more than 2.5 in 63%. In 41 patients with malignant diseases, enlarged lymph nodes tended to be more widespread in location, larger in number, and smaller in length/thickness ratio than those of benign diseases. Lymphadenopathy over the common hepatic artery or hepatoduodenal ligament may suggest the presence of chronic active hepatitis, especially relating to HCV infection, even though hepatic sonotexture is normal on ultrasound examination.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

A case of tetanus mimicking acute abdomen.

A 47-year-old man presented with backache and signs of acute abdomen. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. Post-operatively he developed hypoxaemia in the operating theatre and was brought to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit for ventilatory support and further investigations. History was then retaken and revealed a minor foot injury one month ago with subsequent development of muscle spasm and dysphagia. The diagnosis of tetanus was made. The patient was then treated with human antitetanus immune globulin and crystalline penicillin. Ventilatory support was continued, aided by infusion of morphine, diazepam and alcuronium. The recovery course was complicated by chest infection, urinary tract infection and sympathetic overactivity. He improved later and ventilatory support was discontinued three weeks after admission. He then made uneventful recovery and was discharged from the hospital forty days after admission.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

[Acute abdomen--anesthesiologic and intensive care management].

The expression "acute abdomen" is a provisional destination of a complex of various abdominal diseases which require quick diagnostic as well as urgent surgical therapy. A close interdisciplinary cooperation during the whole perioperative period is of high importance for the prognosis of this potentially life-threatening syndrome. The anesthetist must have profound knowledge on causes and clinical signs of this disease, on diagnostic measures and on therapeutic principles. Anaesthesiological problems arise from the discrepancy between an urgent operation on one hand and the necessity of an improvement of the preoperative status of the patient on the other. Furthermore, these patients have high risks of aspiration due to disturbed motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Intensive therapy of these patients is characterized by the peculiarity that a primarily local abdominal disease is frequently followed by severe extraperitoneal general reactions and multiple organ failure, respectively.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

[Nephropathia epidemica. Hantavirus nephritis--a differential diagnosis in acute abdomen].

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is an infectious disease caused by hantavirus of the Bunyavirus family and carried by little rodents, in Denmark presumably by the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). The disease usually presents with self-limiting renal failure, thrombocytopenia, fever, lower back and/or abdominal pain. As such it might be confused with for example acute abdomen as shown by the two cases given. Final diagnosis is based upon demonstrating antibody formation against hantavirus.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1976

The role of diagnositc ultrasound in the assessment of masses in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.

The usefulness and advantages of diagnostic ultrasound (sonar) scanning as an aid in the investigation of soft-tissue masses, are illustrated in a number of patients with such masses in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. These illustrative cases show that sonar scanning can reveal the size, shape, anatomical relations, and consistency of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal masses. Sonar scanning is particularly valuable in differentiating cystic from solid masses. Furthermore, clinically unsuspected masses can be detected. Sonar scanning is harmless, relatively quick, non-invasive and causes no pain or discomfort. These factors are of particular importance in postoperative and acutely ill patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute abdomen in systemic vasculitides.

A presentation is made of abdominal vasculitis in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). The disease is not yet completely known and therefore it is often incorrectly diagnosed as acute abdomen requiring surgery. An accurate diagnosis of this disease is essential for the choice of the correct therapeutic attitude. Some theoretical aspects of the disease are discussed and the personal experience of the authors resulting from the study of some cases hospitalized in the Institute of Internal Medicine, are discussed.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

[Acute abdomen due to cytomegalovirus in AIDS patients. Apropos 2 cases].

Two cases of acute abdomen--because of acute appendicitis and paralytic ileus--due to cytomegalovirus infection in AIDS patients are reported. In both patients evolution was subacute and cytomegalic inclusions were seen in the histologic examination of the surgical samples. The two patients died after surgery. The possibility of cytomegalovirus infection must be kept in mind in AIDS patients who undergo urgent abdominal laparatomy and early treatment should be instituted.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen.

The use of intravenous gadolinium chelates in imaging of the abdomen is helpful in the detection and characterization of disease entities. It is well recognized that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is more sensitive to the presence or absence of gadolinium chelates than computed tomography is to iodine. By exploiting this strength of gadolinium and MR sequences that reduce artifacts, the usefulness of abdominal MR examinations can be maximized. As a nonspecific extracellular contrast agent, the enhancement of gadolinium chelates reflect blood delivery (capillary phase imaging), capillary permeability (interstitial enhancement), and venous drainage (late interstitial/washout enhancement). In general terms, MR evaluation of abdominal organs is benefited by imaging in both capillary and interstitial phases of enhancement since these separate phases reflect different physiological aspects of disease processes. In this review, optimized investigation using intravenous gadolinium chelates is described for diseases of the kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and adrenal glands. The use of newer intravenous and oral contrast agents, particularly relating to the investigation of bowel and liver diseases, is also discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

[Acute abdomen caused by eosinophilic gastritis].

The authors describe a case of acute abdomen operated in emergency for obstruction in a patient with eosinophilic gastritis. This is very unusual pathology characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastric antral wall combined with peripheric eosinophilia. This particular case was operated for a small bowel obstruction but in those rare cases, when we can reach a diagnosis with endoscopic biopsy, a prudential attitude becomes inevitable as this pathology is very responsive to medical treatment with corticosteroids.

Abdomen, Acute↗