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PubMed1991

International evaluation of cause-specific mortality and IDDM. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Mortality Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: A cross-cultural study was completed to evaluate differences in mortality patterns in four population cohorts in Japan; Israel; Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; and Finland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Cases were diagnosed between 1 January 1965 and 31 December 1979. Mortality was determined as of 1 January 1985. There were 147 deaths occurring in the 8212 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients in the four countries. A standardized protocol for assessing causes of death (cause-specific mortality) was developed; in this article, we report the causes. RESULTS: Major overall mortality differences by country appeared, with IDDM subjects in Japan much more likely to die than in the other countries. In Japan, the elevated mortality was the result of acute diabetes-related complications and kidney disease. For all countries, mortality from acute diabetes-related complications accounted for a surprisingly high percentage of deaths (greater than 25% in each country). A larger percentage of cases in Finland died as a result of suicide than for the other three countries. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there are major cross-country differences in cause-specific mortality and that much of the premature mortality associated with diabetes is potentially preventable.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating alcohol and drug prevention strategies and models across cultural boundaries: preliminary report on an ILO/WHO/UNDCP [International Labour Office/World Health Organization/United Nations International Drug Control Program] Interagency Program.

The joint ILO/WHO/UNDCP collaborative program "Prevention of Drug and Alcohol Problems among Workers and their Families" represents transfer of an innovative model to a culturally diverse group of nations: Egypt, Mexico, Namibia, Poland, and Sri Lanka. The concept is to move from reactive programs-led by alcohol and drug experts, reactive to problem employees-to proactive prevention led by management. Nontechnical language and metaphors have been developed to secure the commitment of managers in the private and public sectors. Participating countries and enterprises adapt the program to local conditions, fostering "local ownership" with the objective of creating self-sustaining activities. The objective is to describe elements of the program which may be readily transferable worldwide across the cultural borders that characterize nations, enterprises, and public sector workplaces.

Communication↗
PubMed1980

Symposium: international challenges and perspectives: internationalism and survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle and food products.

Foot-and-mouth disease is a serious world-wide economic disease of livestock and diverse animal species. The closing of borders to infected countries is a frequent aftermath of disease outbreaks. Historically, animals and animal products have been implicated as vehicles for transmission of the disease. Control programs encompass stringent importation policies, vaccination, quarantine, and slaughter. Joint efforts have been instituted successfully in previous control campaigns and would be the logical approach to large-scale eradication schemas.

Animals↗