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PubMed1976

Effects of evaluating task competence on the self-concept of children from different socioeconomic status levels.

Previous studies reported low SES children with higher self-concepts than high SES children; this experimental study probes explanatory factors. One hundred sixty second grade boys and girls were measured on self-concept following a design-copying task on which they received either a positive or a negative evaluation, either through the E's evaluative statements or through presentation of standards for the task. Direction of evaluation was reflected in children's ratings of their own work. There was an interaction between direction of evaluation and SES as they affected self-concept, with negative evaluation leading to enhanced self-concept scores of low SES children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Relationships between self-concept, self-esteem, popularity, and social judgments of junior high school students.

This study examined the relationship between social self-concept and popularity for 93 male and female seventh, eighth, and ninth graders. It also assessed ability to make accurate social judgments and social self-esteem as a function of self-concept. The results revealed a moderate relationship (r = .29) between self-concept and popularity. No evidence was found to suggest that either self-esteem or ability to make accurate social judgments was related to accuracy of self-concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Self-concept and sociometric outcomes: a comparison of only children and sibling children from urban and rural areas in the People's Republic of China.

We investigated differences in self-concept between 360 only children and 555 sibling children in the sixth grade of three urban schools and three rural schools in the People's Republic of China. Peer perceptions and teacher perceptions were also collected using sociometric measures. Self-concept was determined by the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985). Comparisons of sibling children and only children showed no differences on self-concept; however, urban residents had higher self-concept scores than children from rural areas, and boys scored higher than girls. No significant interaction effects between sibling status, gender, and residence were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Psychoanalytic theory and loving God concepts: parent referencing versus self-referencing.

We investigated the relationship of college students' conceptions of the wrathfulness-kindliness of God to their parents' nurturance, their parents' permissiveness, authoritarianism, and authoritativeness, and the students' own self-esteem. Although parents' nurturance, authoritarianism, and authoritativeness were related to participants' conceptions of God (thus providing some support for psychoanalytic assertions), the variable of self-esteem far outweighed all other variables in accounting for the variance in God concepts. These results suggest that self-referencing explanations better account for individuals' conceptions of God than do parent referencing (i.e., psychoanalytic) explanations.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Factors affecting the self-concepts of South African students.

Relationships among family macrosocial structures, proximate family settings, attributions of responsibility, and African adolescents' self-concepts were examined. Data were collected from 460 South African high school students (234 girls, 226 boys; mean age = 18.6 years). On the basis of partial least squares path modeling, the results suggest that (a) family macrosocial structure, proximate family settings, and the individual's sense of responsibility for academic outcomes had modest to strong associations with different dimensions of self-concept; and (b) there were gender-related differences in the structure of the adolescents' social status backgrounds and self-concepts and in the relationships among social status, perceptions of parents' support for learning, personal responsibility, and self-concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-concept of siblings of children with cancer.

Childhood cancer can have detrimental effects on the psychosocial well-being of healthy siblings of children with cancer. The limited research done over the past 40 years has identified adjustment difficulties such as poor self-concept, depression, sorrow, anxiety, and feelings of loneliness in children who have a sibling with cancer. To date, clinical research investigating self-concept is scarce as it relates to siblings of children with cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine self-concept in siblings of children with cancer who attended summer camp. A nonprobability purposive sample consisted of 50 school-age siblings of children with cancer. Using the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children (PAIC) to measure children's self-concept, the researcher found that healthy siblings who attended summer camp scored higher on the PAIC than healthy siblings who did not attend camp. This research suggests that social support such as a camp experience may play an important function in coping with having a brother or sister with childhood cancer.

Camping↗
PubMed2002

Self-concept and introversion in adolescents with cleft lip and palate.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if adolescents with cleft lip, or palate, or both (CLP), have an altered self-concept, and to assess their degree of introversion, compared with a control group. The CLP group consisted of 55 adolescents (aged 17-20 years) and the control group consisted of 31 adolescents (16-19 years). The Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) was used to measure the subjects' self-concept, while the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Inventory (EPQ-I) was used to measure introversion. The results indicate that those with CLP have a normal or even a high self-concept, and no signs of introversion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Age, personality, and the spontaneous self-concept.

Kuhn and McPartland's (1954) Twenty Statements Test (TST) was examined as a measure of the spontaneous self-concept. In the first study, using 60 men and 60 women aged 32 to 84, responses were scored to indicate the salience of different aspects of self-concept content; global ratings of five personality dimensions and self-esteem were also made and compared to scores on the NEO Personality Inventory. Although age itself was infrequently mentioned, there were some age differences in the salience of different elements of the self-concept, and older individuals scored somewhat lower on TST-rated Neuroticism. In the second study, age identification and self-esteem were considered in the responses of 245 men and women. As in Study 1, self-esteem was related to low Neuroticism and high Extraversion, but was unrelated to age. Social structural variables like age are reflected in the content of the spontaneous self-concept, but personality traits appear to be more important in explaining self-esteem.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cigarette smoking in teenage girls: exploring the role of peer reputations, self-concept and coping.

Reducing the prevalence of smoking among teenagers is an important goal for health and education professionals. In the present study, self-reported cigarette smoking status was examined among 241 adolescent females from four metropolitan, independent girls' schools in suburban Melbourne, Australia. This study was particularly concerned with the role of peer reputations, coping and self-concept as influences on teenage girls' decision making with respect to smoking. Coping strategies, levels of self-concept and reputation enhancement were assessed using the High School Student Activity Questionnaire. Three separate multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) revealed that six of the 11 reputation variables, three of the four self-concept variables and two of the three coping variables contributed to the main effect of smoking status. Post hoc analyses allowed some profiling of current cigarette smokers as compared to never smokers. This study offers support to reputation enhancement theory with regard to cigarette smoking in adolescent girls, and also provides continued evidence for the importance of particular aspects of self-concept and coping skills with respect to cigarette smoking. Suggestions for further research are discussed and some possible implications of the findings for school-based health education programmes are raised.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Concept mapping: an introduction to structured conceptualization in health care.

Structured conceptualization is a specific form of concept mapping that is a mixed methods participatory approach that combines group processes (brainstorming, sorting, group interpretation) with a sequence of multivariate statistical analyses (multidimensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis). Concept mapping's relevance to health care quality and services is described. The basic steps and analysis sequence in the concept mapping method are outlined and a brief example of the results for a health planning project are presented. Several examples of the use of concept mapping in health are provided.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Physical conditioning and altered self-concept in rehabilitated hemipelegic patients.

Level of physical conditioning and self-concept are two factors important to all functions of physically disabled persons, both during and after formal rehabilitation. The level of physical conditioning as a determinant of physical fitness and functional status and the measure of self-concept as a determinant of behavior were studied in seven hemiplegic patients who had completed a formal rehabilitation program. Before the rehabilitation program, subjects were physically deconditioned and had altered self-concepts, including lowered self-esteem and other devaluations of the self. Following a 12-week physical conditioning program, subjects demonstrated improvements in physical fitness and functional status and a return to more normal values in some aspects of self-concept.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Children's concepts of the family.

The past decade has witnessed increased research emphasis on children's developing conceptions of their social environment. In the present study, 64 children in grades 1 through 6 were interviewed to examine age-related changes in their understanding of the concept of family. The study also explored whether children's developing conceptions of the family were mediated by their own family structures. Results indicated five levels of family concept understanding that reflected a growing (i.e., age-related) facility in children's application of kinship criteria across traditional and nontraditional family groupings. However, the sophistication of children's understanding of the family was not related to the structure of their own families. These findings suggest that children's level of cognitive development is more important for their comprehension of the family than the specific experiences derived from living within their own unique family. Implications of these findings for mental health professionals who work with families in transition are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Life adjustment correlates of physical self-concepts.

This research tested relationships between physical self-concepts and contemporary measures of life adjustment. University students (119 females, 126 males) completed the Physical Self-Perception Profile assessing self-concepts of sport competence, physical condition, attractive body, strength, and general physical self-worth. Multiple regression found significant associations (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) in hypothesized directions between physical self-concepts and positive affect, negative affect, depression, and health complaints in 17 of 20 analyses. Thirteen of these relationships remained significant when controlling for the Bonferroni effect. Hierarchical multiple regression examined the unique contribution of physical self-perceptions in predicting each adjustment variable after accounting for the effects of global self-esteem and two measures of social desirability. Physical self-concepts significantly improved associations with life adjustment (P < 0.05 to P < 0.05) in three of the eight analyses across gender and approached significance in three others. These data demonstrate that self-perceptions of physical competence in college students are essentially related to life adjustment, independent of the effects of social desirability and global self-esteem. These links are mainly with perceptions of sport competence in males and with perceptions of physical condition, attractive body, and general physical self-worth in both males and females.

Body Image↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concept mapping. Navigating the learning process.

Critical thinking, meaningful learning, and concept synthesis are key phrases pervading nursing literature as educators strive to promote optimal learning and improve clinical instruction and problem solving across levels of nursing education. Concept mapping offers a state-of-the-art metacognitive approach to achievement of these important goals. The author explores concept mapping from the perspective of cognitive theory, analyzes its strengths and drawbacks, presents examples of various concept maps and graphic organizers, and suggests pragmatic applications to nursing clinical, classroom, curriculum, and research situations.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1985

Toward an understanding of mother-daughter identification using concept analysis.

Mother-daughter identification was analyzed using a concept analysis strategy proposed by Walker and Avant. This strategy was selected because of its utility in clarifying a concept requiring refinement. It was toward this goal that the concept analysis of mother-daughter identification was initiated. Rogers's conceptual model was used to add a new dimension to past conceptualizations of mother-daughter identification, one that allows the concept to be added to a nursing perspective.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An analysis of the concept of self-neglect.

A dimension of self-care that has rarely been studied but that nonetheless poses serious problems for efforts to enhance health is self-neglect. Self-neglect here refers to clients who display a pattern of intentionally neglecting prescribed self-care activities despite available resources and knowledge. This article presents the results of a concept analysis of self-neglect as a first step toward further theory development, research, and eventual practical applications. The literature review addresses suicidology and noncompliance as areas significant to analysis of the concept. Ethical, personal, and esthetic as well as empirical sources of knowledge are included as relevant to the conceptualization of self-neglect. Several case examples are constructed to distinguish self-neglect from other health-related behaviors that are potentially harmful. Measures designed to address the complexity of the concept are outlined as the empirical referents. It is concluded that the concept analysis of self-neglect can help to extricate nurse theoreticians and clinicians from conceptual ruts so that new answers to old but challenging problems related to self-care will be discovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An analysis of the concept of empowerment.

This paper is an analysis of the concept of empowerment and its use in nursing practice, education, research and health promotion. The paper adopts an eclectic approach to concept analysis, incorporating the methods advocated by Walker & Avant and Rodgers. The concept is analysed and a theoretical definition given. Defining attributes, related concepts, antecedents and consequences of empowerment are proposed and a model case presented. The analysis demonstrates that empowerment is: a helping process; a partnership valuing self and others; mutual decision making; and freedom to make choices and accept responsibility. Implications for practice conclude the paper.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2005

The continuum of care: a concept development study.

AIMS: The aim of this paper is to communicate attributes, antecedents, and consequences identified within the 'continuum of care' using the process of concept development. BACKGROUND: The term 'continuum of care' is embedded in health care experience and is consistently taken for granted in health care literature without adequate analysis or definition. METHODS: Using EndNote and MS Excel software, a sample of 153 articles from 638 nursing and allied health journal articles retrieved by electronic search were reviewed; keywords descriptive of the concept were manually extracted. An electronic library was created and searched for keyword frequencies and words were ranked and sorted into unifying categories. FINDINGS: Four major unifying categories of attributes: people, environment, events and time, were identified, described and encorporated into a definition of the concept. An exemplar case was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The continuum of care was identified as a concept with specific, describable attributes evidenced in an exemplar case.

Concept Formation↗