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PubMed1995

A study comparing the prevalence and distribution of traumatic dental injuries among 10-12-year-old children in an urban and in a rural area of Jordan.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, aetiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among 459 Jordanian schoolchildren aged 10-12 years, 234 from urban Amman and 225 from rural South Shouna. The prevalence of injuries in Amman was 19.2% (23.9% in boys, and 14.9% in girls) and in South Shouna 15.5% (19.1% in boys and 12.2 in girls). Significantly more boys than girls suffered injury. The difference in prevalence between urban and rural children was not statistically significant. The most common type of injury in both communities was enamel fracture, and the most common causes of injury were falls and collisions with other children. Children with an overjet greater than 5 mm sustained significantly more injuries to the incisor teeth than children with normal overjet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Patients' experiences of injury as a result of epilepsy.

PURPOSE: The increased risk of mortality among people with epilepsy is well documented; people with epilepsy are more likely than the general population to die as a result of an accident. Data about incidence of nonfatal accidents and associated factors are not so readily available, even though such accidents are more common than fatal injuries. We report the proportion of people who sustain various injuries during a seizure and the key variables predicting injury. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to an unselected, community-based population of patients with epilepsy. The questionnaire included clinical and demographic details, previously validated scales of psychosocial well-being, and questions about seizure-related injuries. RESULTS: Of patients who had had at least one seizure during the previous year, 24% sustained at least one head injury, 16% sustained a burn or scald, 10% a dental injury, and 6% some other fracture. Seizure type, seizure severity, and seizure frequency were key predictors of having sustained at least one of these four seizure-related injuries. Key predictors of burn/scald were seizure severity, seizure frequency and sex; those of head injury were seizure severity and type; that of dental injury was seizure severity; and those of some other fracture were seizure severity, duration of epilepsy, and three or more drug-related adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: These data help identify significant risk factors associated with seizure-related injuries and so facilitate sensible patient counseling about how the risks of such injuries can be minimized.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

Eating as a hazard to health: preventing, treating dental injuries caused by foreign objects in food.

The Food and Drug Administration maintains a passive surveillance system for reporting and follow-up of complaints related to food items. The most commonly reported complaint is the discovery of foreign objects in food. The most common injuries are abrasions to the throat and buccal mucosa. Although dentists are qualified to treat oral injury resulting from foreign object ingestion, more physicians than dental professionals treat soft tissue trauma.

Digestive System↗
PubMed2004

[Prevalence, treatment needs, and predisposing factors for traumatic injuries to permanent dentition in 11-13-year-old schoolchildren].

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors and the association with clinical predisposing factors and parents' schooling. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with schoolchildren aged 11 to 13 years in Biguaçu, Brazil. Dental examinations were conducted by a dentist, and the criteria for traumatic dental injuries used in the children's dental health survey in the United Kingdom were adopted. the study recorded the type of damage sustained, treatment performed or needed, the size of incisal overjet, and whether lip coverage was adequate. Socio-demographic data included sex, age, and parents' level of schooling. a total of 2,260 children were examined, and prevalence rates were 10.4%, 10.6%, and 11.2% in 11, 12, and 13-year-old children, respectively. Treatment need was 6.3 interventions per thousand incisors. Male gender and overjet greater than 5mm were significantly related to having a traumatic dental injury. Inadequate lip coverage and parents' educational level were not associated with dental trauma. The study concluded that male gender and incisal overjet greater than 5mm are associated with the occurrence of dental injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical experience of tracheal intubation using Trachlight in patients with unstable dentition].

BACKGROUND: Trachlight is a light-tipped stylet designed to guide tracheal intubation. It obviates the need for direct laryngoscopy and is reported to be particularly useful for managing difficult tracheal intubation. Its clinical application, however, is not limited to difficult airway management. METHODS: Here we report our experience of the use of Trachlight in 64 adult patients who were at risk of dental injury during direct laryngoscopy because of unstable teeth around the incisors or severe alveolar disease. RESULTS: Of 64 patients (33 men and 31 women) aged between 30 and 85, the trachea was successfully intubated using Trachlight without dental damage in 63 patients. In 1 patient, a tracheal tube was smoothly placed, but a tooth was injured after the removal of the stylet. No other complications associated with the use of Trachlight were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that Trachlight can be a helpful tool for intubation in patients having dental problems. Because of the blind nature of the technique, but preexisting lesions of the larynx and vocal cords might be overlooked in intubation using Trachlight. Further investigation is warranted to recommend Trachlight as a intubation technique of choice in patients with unstable dentition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bacterial penetration of the root canal of intact incisor teeth after a simulated traumatic injury.

One of the aims in treating traumatised teeth is to maintain the vitality of the pulp or allow conditions favourable for pulp revascularisation. However, infection of the pulp and root canal system may prevent this. A number of pathways have been proposed that allow bacteria to invade the root canal system, however most of these pathways cannot account for pulp infection in teeth that did not sustain injury to the periodontal attachment. Enamel/dentine cracks have been proposed as a portal for bacterial invasion of seemingly intact teeth and the aim of this study was to determine if bacteria could invade the root canal system after a simulated traumatic episode. Twenty intact and sound upper central incisors were chosen and prepared. One tooth was selected as a sterility control and the external crown surface of the remaining 19 teeth was subjected to infection with Streptococcus gordonii in a bacterial microleakage model. Over 7 days samples of growth media from the root canal system were taken and tested for bacteria. Sixteen of the teeth did not demonstrate bacterial invasion over the time frame. These teeth were then prepared for testing in a pendulum impact device and were subjected to a blow which did not fracture the crowns or dislodge the tooth from its simulated alveolus. The teeth were then prepared and tested in the bacterial microleakage model. After impact seven of the teeth demonstrated bacterial invasion of the root canal system (P = 0.002). These teeth were then reprepared for testing in the bacterial microleakage model. The crowns of five teeth, selected at random, were coated with two layers of light cured unfilled resin, the remaining two were used as positive controls. All the teeth coated with resin did not demonstrate bacterial invasion (P = 0.00), while the positive controls demonstrated invasion. The results suggested that enamel/dentine infractions were pathways for bacterial invasion of the root canal system of traumatised teeth. The application of unfilled resin to the anatomical crown prevented infection.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed2002

Application of enamel matrix derivative in autotransplantation of an impacted maxillary premolar: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The success of tooth transplantation or replantation depends on the viability of periodontal ligament in the planted tooth. Mechanical injury to periodontal tissues frequently results in dental root resorption and dental ankylosis, which leads to the failure of transplantation or replantation. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been recently used to induce periodontal regeneration. In this report, we show a clinical case of EMD application in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth. METHODS: An impacted second premolar was found in the right maxilla of a 16 year-old girl. The tooth was inversely impacted and the dental root was incomplete. When transplantation was carried out, EMD was applied to the periodontal tissues of the extracted premolar. The tooth was fixed at the correct position and the clinical condition was followed for evaluation for 6 months. RESULTS: Radiographs after 3 months exhibited new bone formation surrounding the transplanted tooth. After 6 months, considerable growth of dental root was evident, periodontal ligament-like radiolucency appeared, the vital reaction of the planted tooth was detected, and there were no signs of root resorption or ankylosis. CONCLUSION: Short-term results from this case indicate that EMD application was effective in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth and that EMD might contribute to the growth of dental root and to the prevention of ankylosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Oro-dental injuries and their management among children and adolescents in Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, by utilising patient records, the occurrence of the various types of dental trauma and the treatment provided among children aged one to seventeen years. DESIGN: A retrospective survey of dental clinic records. SETTING: Paedodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. SUBJECTS: Records of 130 dental patients aged one to seventeen years who were treated in 1995 and 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Types of injuries (periodontal, soft tissue, dental tissues). Types of treatment given in relation to type of injury. Evaluation of treatment provided by using European treatment standards. RESULTS: Soft tissue injuries were recorded in 49% of the patients. Periodontal and dental tissue injuries were recorded in 34% and 8% of the patients respectively. While injured teeth were extracted in 30% of the cases, soft tissues were stitched in 70% and antibiotics were prescribed in 34% of the patients respectively. Evaluation of treatment provided showed that 31%, 52% and 17% of the teeth received the correct, wrong and unnecessary treatment respectively. CONCLUSION: Our observations correlate well with other reports. However, efforts on standardisation of treatment for oro-dental injuries should be undertaken.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Expert evaluation of damage to health in dental injuries].

Discusses problems in forensic medical expert evaluation of the severity of dental injuries. Analyzes the classification of dental injuries and criteria for their expert evaluation. Considers some disputable and contradictory problems in expert interpretation of dental injuries involving complete loss of teeth and evaluation of injuries in subjects with maxillodental diseases. Offers approaches to solution of these problems.

Forensic Dentistry↗
PubMed2001

Splinting of traumatized teeth with a new device: TTS (Titanium Trauma Splint).

Displacement injuries of permanent teeth are an increasing emergency in the dental office. Children and adolescents are particularly prone to dental trauma due to participation in risky activities. Repositioning or replantation with subsequent stabilization by a dental splint is the standard of care for most displaced or avulsed permanent teeth. Non-rigid fixation allowing physiologic tooth mobility has been shown to be desirable for periodontal healing. A flexible splint of short duration appears to reduce the risk of dentoalveolar ankylosis or external replacement resorption. Different splinting techniques are currently recommended for stabilization of repositioned or replanted teeth, including a wire-composite splint, an orthodontic bracket splint or a resin splint. Each splinting option has its specific advantages and shortcomings. This paper describes a new splinting technique which offers improved comfort and handling to the patient and dentist alike.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical observation of dental pulp and root changes of juvenile anterior permanent teeth after concussion and luxation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the incidence of pulp necrosis and root resorption of the juvenile anterior permanent teeth with concussion and luxation injuries and analyze the relationship between the type of injury and form of root resorption. METHODS: 157 teeth of 79 patients were chosen from 201 patients with concussion and luxation treated with functional-bite-plate at the Department of Pedodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Medical University from 1984 to 1996. RESULTS: High occurrence of pulp necrosis and root resorption were found in teeth with intrusion, and pulp necrosis occurred most within 3 months after the injury, while root resorption occurred during 3 weeks to 2 years. At the same time, surface resorption occurred mainly in the teeth with intrusion, extrusion and lateral luxation, and replacement resorption occurred only in intrusive teeth, however inflammatory resorption occurred in extrusive teeth whose pulp was infected. CONCLUSION: Intrusion is the most severe type of tooth trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Appliance to protect maxillary teeth and palate during endoscopy.

To avoid traumatizing maxillary teeth and edentulous ridges during endoscopy, a device or appliance must be used to prevent direct contact of the teeth and mucosa with endoscopic instruments. Because previous appliances have been minimally protective, easily dislodged, or obstructive to the endoscopist, none have been widely accepted at our Institution. Consequently, we developed an easily fabricated protective appliance, using conventional dental technology, that has adequate strength to prevent fracture and displacement of teeth during routine endoscopy. The appliance is retentive, unobstructive, reusable, and reasonably priced for the patient. In an initial group of approximately 25 patients undergoing endoscopy, this appliance was well accepted by the otolaryngology and anesthesia staff, and there were no injuries to the teeth or oral mucosa. To verify further the usefulness of this type of appliance, a prospective study is planned.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1989

Oral trauma in children: a hospital survey.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the type and prevalence of dental injuries seen in a hospital emergency room. Of the 10,436 patients who were treated at the hospital emergency room as a result of a traumatic episode, 765 (7.3%) had sustained injuries to structures of the oral cavity. The leading cause of dental injury was falls, accounting for 55.8% of the injuries. The male-to-female ratio of dental injuries was 1.6:1. The peak age group of children with dental injuries was the 1-to-2-year-old age group. Laceration of the lip was the most predominant injury to structures of the oral cavity, accounting for 62.8% of the dental injuries. The peak month for dental injuries was June, and 61.2% of the dental injuries occurred in the home.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Traumatic dental injuries in 3- to 13-year-old boys in Monterrey, Mexico.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze, by age, the prevalence of traumatic injuries to primary and permanent incisors, and their distribution according to type in a group of boys from private schools in Monterrey, Mexico. The sample consisted of 1010 boys aged 3-13 years enrolled in 4 private schools in the city. Garcia-Godoy's classification for traumatic injuries was used. The prevalence of injuries was 28.4%; 72.2% of the 4-year-olds examined presented signs of traumatic dental injuries. Thirty-seven percent of the 11-year-olds examined had evidence of traumatic dental injuries. The most common type of injury in the primary and permanent dentitions was enamel fracture (58.5% and 69.6%, respectively).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Traumatic injuries to permanent anterior teeth among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jordan.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and related factors of incisor trauma among 12-year-old Jordanian schoolchildren. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study among schoolchildren. A sample of 1.878 schoolchildren aged 12 years, 940 boys and 938 girls, were randomly selected from 128 schools in urban and rural areas. Ellis classification was used to record the dental injuries on incisors. RESULTS: Of the children examined 13.8% showed dental trauma. Difference in prevalence between boys (17.1%) and girls (10.6%) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Maxillary central incisors were the most affected (79.2%) and the most common type of crown injury was enamel-dentin fracture (40.6%). The relationship between dental injuries and socio-economic indicators was not statistically significant. There was a tendency for children with an incisal overjet greater than 5.0 mm to have experienced dental injuries (p < 0.01). Treatment need due to dental injuries was very high but less than untreated damage. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors in 12-year-old Jordanian schoolchildren was close to that found in other countries. Being a boy and having overjet greater than 5.0 mm were significant predisposing factors to dental injuries.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1988

Structural and microanalytical changes in dentition after radiotherapy applied in cases of tumour in the oral cavity region.

Morphological observations by means of the scanning electron and optical microscopes as well as microanalytical qualitative and quantitative tests concerning content and distribution of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the teeth being in irradiation field were made in patients treated for larynx cancer by methods of radiotherapy. The teeth enamel was in some places thinner and in some others it was lacking. The characteristic defects took place in the form of notches, cracks and of superficial destruction. In X-ray microanalyser the enamel showed some features of demineralization. In dentine, features of demineralization and on the other hand features of remineralization were seen. The root dentin, in which destructive processes but also reparation processes developed by root cement could be seen, was rather characteristic. Clear structural changes and disturbances of mineralization in hard tooth tissues being under therapeutic X-ray irradiation were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Neighborhood social capital and dental injuries in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that communities with higher levels of social capital have better health, but this association has not been explored specifically in relation to dental injury. We investigated the association between social capital and dental injury. METHODS: We conducted a multilevel study assessed individual and neighborhood effects on dental injury of 1302 14- to 15-year-old adolescents in 39 schools of Distrito Federal, Brazil. Children underwent a dental examination and, with their parents, answered a questionnaire about their local environments. Our data analysis used logistic multilevel modeling of students and neighborhood (the latter defined by catchment areas of schools). RESULTS: The prevalence of dental injury was significantly lower in neighborhoods with higher levels of social capital, especially among boys. After control for individual and neighborhood variables, the adjusted odds ratio for a 1-unit increase in the standardized social capital index was 0.55 (95% confidence interval=0.37, 0.81; P=.002) among boys. CONCLUSIONS: Social capital may explain inequalities in rates of dental injury, especially among boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Helping special olympics athletes sport good smiles. An effort to reach out to people with special needs.

For the millions of people in the world with special needs, dental care is usually not a priority, often taking a back seat to more pressing and complicated medical issues. This article offers a brief overview of the integration of a dental program into the Special Olympics organization. This overview is followed by a discussion on dental education with regard to people with special needs, and then reviews measures for the prevention of injuries.

Athletic Injuries↗