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At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Quantitative effects of a nickel-titanium palatal expander on skeletal and dental structures in the primary and mixed dentition: a preliminary study.

The present study analysed the six-month effects of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) palatal expander on the dental and palatal structures of four primary (mean age 5.8 years) and nine mixed dentition children (mean age 8.7 years), with a posterior unilateral crossbite. Standardized dental and palatal landmarks were digitized using a three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic instrument. Collected data were analysed with geometric-mathematical models. During a six-month interval, the natural growth and development of the dental arches and hard tissue palate was negligible, as assessed in seven control children (two in the primary dentition, mean age 4.4 years; five in the mixed dentition, mean age 7.7 years). In all children the crossbite was completely corrected. Indeed, dental expansion was always more than or corresponded to the palatal expansion. A smoothing of the size-independent (shape) palatal curvature in the transverse plane was observed. No differences in maximum palatal height were noted. Symmetrical derotation of the anchorage teeth in a distal direction occurred in almost all children. The inclination of the facial axis of the clinical crown (FACC) in the anatomical transverse plane of those teeth with differences between dental and palatal expansion always showed significant modifications (vestibular inclination up to 16.7 degrees). The clinical crown height of anchorage teeth remained nearly the same in all patients. No significant modifications in mandibular arch size were observed. The increase in maxillary arch width, especially in younger children, was probably due to a combination of different effects: opening of the midpalatal suture, tipping of the alveolar process, and molar tipping.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Third molar influence on dental arch crowding.

The aim of the present study was to measure the dental arches in order to assess the potential influence of third molars on lower incisor crowding. Changes in dental arch dimensions were assessed in 47 patients (36 females, 11 males) three years following either removal of the third molars or deciding to leave them in situ. A dental pantomogram (DPT) was taken at the start of the study and plaster study models were obtained at both the beginning and end of the observation period. The study models were used to measure crowding, and to prepare photocopies for linear measurements of the dental arch (length and width). Using the DPT, the ratio of retromolar space to the width of the crown of the third molar was calculated using the method originally described by Olive and Basford and later modified by Ganss (Ganss ratio). The results showed that the measurements of crowding and arch length and width had changed in 12 lower and two upper dental arches. The relationship between these results and the Ganss ratio was statistically significant. Calculation of the Ganss ratio may therefore assist investigations into the development of dental arch crowding and also help determine the indications for third molar removal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dental findings in parents of children with cleft lip and palate.

The incidence of dental abnormalities in the cleft lip and palate population has been reported to be much higher than in the normal population. The role of genes in the production of a cleft lip and palate, and dental anomalies is thought to be complex, with autosomal dominant, recessive, and x-linked genes all playing a role. Noncleft parents can carry some of the cleft lip and palate genes, which produce clinically subtle manifestations in their facial skeleton. The purpose of this study was to look for evidence of increased dental anomalies in the non-cleft parents of cleft lip and palate children. The dentitions of the parents of 60 children with different types of cleft lip and palate were examined prospectively to see whether or not they exhibited features found more readily in the cleft lip and palate rather than did the normal population. Their dentitions were studied to record the following dental features: congenitally missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, or morphologic changes of the crowns of the permanent teeth. The number and position of any frenal attachments were also recorded. The results of this study did not show any differences in incidence of dental anomalies from the noncleft population. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that congenital absence of lateral incisors is a microform of cleft lip and palate. Further, these results also failed to reveal any consistent pattern in the number and position of frenal attachments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Age-related odontometric changes of human teeth.

OBJECTIVE: The number of older patients requiring restorative treatment are likely to increase due to improvements in oral health and increased longevity. However, aging odontometric data are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine possible changes in pulp cell density, pulp area, and dentinal thickness with age. STUDY DESIGN: Incisors (50), canines (39), premolars (51), and molars (7) extracted from 60 patients aged between 10 and 59 years, were analyzed histomorphometrically for cell density (odontoblasts, subodontoblasts, and pulp core fibroblasts) and dentinal thickness. RESULTS: With increasing patient age, in both crown and root aspects of teeth, dentinal thickness increased (P <.001), while the density of odontoblasts (P <.001), subodontoblasts (P = 0.001), and pulp fibroblasts (crown, P <.011; root, P =.0015) decreased. The degree of age-related changes in teeth appeared to be asymmetrical, with decreases in the root being greater than in the crown. At all ages pulp cell densities, including odontoblasts, within the crown were greater than in the root (P <.001), even though the calculated rate of dentinal deposition was greatest in the root. CONCLUSION: Decreases in pulp cell density may reduce pulp repair activity after restorative treatments, although increases in dentinal thickness may aid pulp protection. An understanding of these age-related changes will influence the provision of restorative and endodontic care and benefit older patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Traumatic injuries of the permanent incisors in children in southern Turkey: a retrospective study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence, etiologic factors and results of dental trauma and the effects of age and gender on the trauma in permanent incisors. Over a 3-year period, 514 permanent incisor teeth in 317 patients with trauma history, who applied to Suleyman Demirel University School of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics from the southern cities of Turkey, were evaluated. Standardized trauma forms were filled for each patient. In all age groups, the most frequent cause of trauma was found to be unspecified falls (47.6%). Maxillary teeth (88.5%) and central incisors (87.5%) were the most affected teeth from dental trauma. Ellis class II crown fracture was the most frequently seen type of injury (43.8%). The percent of the patients who applied to a dental clinic in the first 3 days after the trauma occurred (22.8%) was less than the percent of the patients who applied after 3 months and more time period (45.1%). It reveals that it is important to inform the public about dental trauma and the importance of time in these cases.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2002

Developmental changes and regional differences in histochemical localization of hyaluronan and versican in postnatal molar dental pulp.

AIM: The main aim of this study was to investigate the developmental changes in the distribution patterns of hyaluronan (HA) and versican in postnatal rat molar dental pulp, in order to confirm the hypothesis that the distribution of both molecules can vary with physiological conditions in the dental pulp. METHODOLOGY: Thirty postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days old, were used for this study. Immunohistochemistry for versican with monoclonal antibodies 12C5 and CS-56 and histochemical staining for HA with HA-binding protein were applied to paraffin sections of the mandibular first molars at each age. RESULTS: At day 1, both molecules were evenly distributed in the interior parts of the pulp, but strong reactions for both molecules appeared in the subodontoblastic layer of the coronal pulp by the completion of crown formation. However, a strong reaction for HA and a weak reaction for versican were seen in the subodontoblastic layer of the radicular pulp. Furthermore, a versican-deficient, low-HA area first appeared in the interior of the coronal pulp at day 42 and expanded at day 49. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of hyaluronan and versican in the dental pulp varied with age and also showed regional differences between the coronal and the radicular pulp, and this supports the hypothesis described above.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2007

Reattachment of a fractured permanent molar cusp: a 12-month follow-up.

A posterior crown fracture due to acute trauma is an uncommon type of dental injury. This case report presents combined endodontic-bioadhesive treatment of a complicated crown fracture of a permanent molar due to a horse riding accident. Endodontic therapy was initiated following surgical removal of the fractured mesiolingual cusp, which was stored frozen until bonding procedures could be carried out. Subgingival and proximal contours of the missing cusp were maintained by an interim glass-ionomer restoration during endodontic therapy. Following root-canal obturation, the fractured cusp was reattached using a total-etch adhesive and composite resin system. The patient was recalled at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, demonstrating excellent clinical and radiographic findings.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Effects of preterm birth on oral growth and development.

Preterm and low birthweight children comprise approximately 6 per cent of all live births. They are prone to many serious medical problems during the neonatal period which may affect the development of oral tissues. The present paper reviews the results of this author's own decade of research into the oral development of preterm children in the light of current understanding of the field. Studies have shown a high prevalence of generalized enamel hypoplasia in the primary dentition of around 40-70 per cent in preterm children which is likely to be associated with low bone mineral stores. The clinical significance of enamel defects is poor aesthetics, and predisposition of the lesions to dental caries. Other dental defects observed in preterm children are localized enamel hypoplasia, crown dilacerations, and palatal distortions which are usually associated with traumatic laryngoscopy and prolonged endotracheal intubation. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that the rate of dental development, and dental eruption may be affected by preterm birth. Children with the lowest birthweight and shortest gestational ages have the lowest rates of dental development, particularly before six years of age. The results of these clinical studies may have significant implications in the dental management of preterm children.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2000

Histopathological evaluation of the dental pulps in crown-fractured teeth.

Trauma is a common cause of pulpal damage. In traumatic injuries, the first priority is to protect the vitality of pulps. But the time between the trauma and treatment must be short to preserve vital, noninflamed pulps. The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological changes in pulpal tissues at different time periods after crown fractures. Twenty-three teeth with enamel and dentin fractures, with and without pulp exposure were evaluated. The reasons for seeking dental treatment were aesthetic consideration, pain, or discomfort. The extirpated pulps were histologically prepared for microscopical evaluation. There was myelin degeneration surrounding the axons and edema in the early posttraumatic stages (17 h). In the later stages (4 to 20 days), the tissues showed varying degrees of inflammation, and neuronal degeneration such as intramyelin edema, aberrant myelin synthesis, and axonal swelling.

Axons↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of Class III crown fractures in the permanent dentition.

Management of Class III crown fractures in the permanent dentition can be both challenging and rewarding for practitioners. Several of the techniques described require further investigation to determine clinical efficacy based on scientific research. In addition to evidence-based protocols, treatment outcomes will continue to be related to the technical proficiency of the dentist, including diagnostic acumen and appropriate treatment planning decisions. A treatment planning decision paradigm, as described in this article for management of Class III fractures to permanent teeth, is summarized in Table 1.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed2004

Multiple complicated crown-root fracture of a permanent incisor.

The treatment of a transverse complicated and a vertical uncomplicated crown-root fractures with a horizontal root fracture of a maxillary right central incisor is presented. Coronal fragments were extracted atraumatically and gingivectomy was performed with electrosurgery to expose the subgingival fragment. The root canal was treated with calcium hydroxide to perform the healing at the fracture site. After the root fracture healing, a post was cemented into the canal and the coronal fragment was attached with a composite resin. Examination 18 months after treatment revealed good aesthetics and normal function.

Acetone↗
PubMed2006

Surgical removal and immediate reattachment of coronal fragment embedded in lip.

This case describes a patient with a traumatic crown fracture of an upper incisor, associated with a laceration wound in the lower lip, showing local oedema. While palpating the tissues of the lower lip we felt the presence of a foreign body. This was confirmed by a radiograph of the lip that showed a radiopaque material, being similar to the coronal fragment of the fractured incisor. It was successfully surgically removed and immediately reattached using a composite adhesive technique. At the follow-up of 1 year later the vitality test on the teeth was positive and neither one of the two traumatized teeth showed any sign of discoloration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Influence of the type of dental trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until treatment: a study in patients aged 0-3 years.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of the type of trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until seeking dental care in children aged 0-3 years seen at the Baby Clinic of the Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP. A total of 1813 records were analyzed. Two hundred and three patients, corresponding to 302 traumatized teeth, were assessed clinically and radiographically. Hard-tissue injuries were the most frequent (52%), with a predominance of enamel crown fractures (41.4%), followed by concussions (12.6%) and intrusions (11.6%). Clinical and radiographic examination revealed that 72% of the traumatized teeth maintained pulp vitality. In the case of supporting-tissue lesions, 51.1% of the patients sought care within 1-15 days after injury, while in the case of hard-tissue injuries, 52.7% sought care only after 16 days. The results showed that supporting-tissue injuries had a significant influence on the faster seeking of dental care.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of traumatic injuries in the front teeth: restorative aspects in crown fractures.

Crown fractures are the most common form of traumatic dental injuries encountered in permanent dentition. Restorative treatment modalities incorporate adhesive materials to effectively maintain function and aesthetics. While uncomplicated injuries of the enamel and/or dentin can be treated solely with adhesive procedures, complicated trauma that involves pulp exposure requires the incorporation of a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Fragment reattachment is facilitated by the utilization of bonding agents that enhance retention and aesthetics. This article discusses the application of provisional and permanent restorative options for the treatment of complications following traumatic injuries.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2002

Gingival eruption cysts induced by cyclosporine administration to neonatal dogs.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to report the development of extensive, gingival eruption cyst formation in neonatal dogs during chronic administration of cyclosporine, which regressed after treatment ceased. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of an investigation of the efficacy of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy in a canine model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), 26 Golden retriever pups were given intramuscular injections of adenoviral gene constructs (at 2-5 days old) either with (15 pups) or without (9 pups) concomitant immunosuppression using oral cyclosporine (from 1 to 3 days old). RESULTS: The daily administration of cyclosporine to Golden Retriever pups from 1 to 3 days of age resulted in the formation of eruption cysts over the incisors after approximately 3 weeks of treatment. The gingiva over the remaining teeth became swollen. However unlike the incisors, part of the crown erupted through the gingiva. Continuous treatment for 60-90 days was associated with persistence and expansion of the cysts over the incisor teeth. The cysts resolved within 1 month if cyclosporine administration was discontinued. Movement of incisors within the jaws was not appreciably affected when compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSION: Chronic cyclosporine administration to neonatal dogs induces the formation of eruption cysts over the incisors, which is reversible once treatment is discontinued and does not affect intraosseous eruption.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2001

Mandibular bone graft material for reconstruction of alveolar cleft defects: long-term results.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effect of mandibular bone as donor material in bone grafting of the alveolar process defect in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), compared with iliac crest cancellous bone. METHOD: During a 7-year period, 101 UCLP patients were bone grafted, 57 cases with iliac crest cancellous bone and 44 with mandibular symphyseal bone. The long-term results with an observation time of more than 4 years were analyzed with respect to marginal bone level and dental and gingival condition in the grafted area. Complications were recorded. RESULTS: The bone level in the grafted area was satisfactory in both groups. Impaction of cleft-side canines was found in 35% of the patients in both groups. Patients with agenesis of the cleft side lateral incisor had significantly more impacted canines, compared with patients with a cleft-side lateral situated in the lesser maxillary segment, probably due to the fact that the lateral incisors help in guiding the canine down through the grafted area. The number of complications was scarce, although both groups demonstrated some gingival retraction with a longer crown length at the cleft side central incisor. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study have changed our strategy in bone grafting. Timing of orthodontic treatment and bone grafting has been more varied depending on the position and presence of teeth in the cleft area. Bone grafting of the alveolar process is not just a local treatment of a bony defect, but in respect to the burden of treatment, bone grafting of the alveolar process has to be planned in accordance with orthodontic treatment and maxillofacial growth.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

A radiographic study of the relationship between technical quality of coronoradicular posts and periapical status in a Jordanian population.

A radiographic study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the technical quality of coronoradicular posts and periapical status. A total of 400 periapical radiographs, including 560 posts, of patients attending the Dental Department at Jordan University Hospital were scanned and studied. It was found that maxillary teeth were more frequently restored with posts (65.36%) than mandibular teeth (34.64%). Tapered posts accounted for 73.93% of the posts used. The ratio of the mean post length to crown length was 0.8, and that to root length was 0.45. The mean length of the remaining gutta percha apical to the end of the post was 6.22 mm. In addition, 25% of the posts deviated from the line of the root canal. Periapical radiolucency was evident in 53.93% of the assessed teeth. It is concluded that inadequate root canal treatment and coronoradicular posts are associated with increased prevalence of periapical radiolucency, and that general dental practitioners should be better trained in performing endodontic treatment and restoring endodontically treated teeth.

Dental Prosthesis Design↗
PubMed1996

Trace element analysis of blackish staining on the crowns of human archaeological teeth.

A blackish staining found on the crowns of teeth of 51 skulls from the excavation of the medieval St. Olav's church in Trondheim was analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In four teeth, mass spectra and step scan concentration profiles of SIMS were performed and compared with the grey scale pattern in photographs of the analyzed paths. The manganese curve showed the highest degree of conformity with the grey scale pattern. The AAS analysis confirmed the increased content of manganese in blackish stained enamel. It was concluded that manganese, probably in the form of an oxide deposited from the soil, was the cause of the blackish staining.

Dental Enamel↗